Conference Session

Broadening Participation in Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Coleen Carrigan, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo; Eve A. Riskin, University of Washington; Jim L Borgford-Parnell, University of Washington; Priti N Mody-Pan, University of Washington; Dawn Wiggin, University of Washington; Sonya Cunningham, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

earn secondary degrees.3 In other words,deficit thinking leads to the erroneous conclusion that individual students need to be fixed andinstitutional systems like academia may remain unchanged. Our goal in this research is similarto the goal of the NSF ADVANCE program, which is to “fix the system” not “fix the women.”6 Our study contributes to understandings of navigational capital by illuminating how Pell-eligible students glean non-traditional resources from their lives and use them to navigateinstitutions of higher education in successful pursuit of engineering degrees.III. Methods With change agency in mind, our research was designed and conducted as “actionresearch,” aimed at making the lives of the dispossessed visible as well

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Fundamental & Research-to-Practice: K-12 Engineering Resources: Best Practices in Curriculum Design (Part 2)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mandy Biggers, Penn State University; Leigh Ann Haefner, Penn State University; Jonathan Bell, Penn State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Maple Place Elementary The primary data sources that informed this project were: (1) video-recorded EiElessons, (2) the written curriculum units, and (3) semi-structured interviews with theteachers. The six participating teachers video-recorded their EiE lessons using an iPad.The videos (n=31) averaged 34 minutes in length and captured the implementation ofEiE curriculum. We chose to focus on the EiE lessons as data because they weretaught after the science units per the materials arrangement through the district. It wasour hope that we would capture teachers incorporating their previously taught sciencecontent into the engineering units. The semi-structured interviews14 were conducted toinvestigate what was “in and on the minds” of the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josef Rojter, Victoria University of Tech.

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

firmlyanchored in the public mind and has weathered recommendations for transformation towardsmarket and societal-oriented knowledge. This is understandable since engineering grew out ofthe enlightement notions of scientific practices which were linear and underpinned by a set ofmethods with the belief that each problem solved ameliorates the human condition becausethere is one less problem to solve.Yet changes in engineering are necessary since engineering is not a scientific discipline. It isdifferent from science because of it is multi-disciplinary and like artit explains rather thanstates meanings. It owes as much to a critical theory which takes place at hidden coercions ofconcrete contradictions in the established worldview16. Green17 observes

Conference Session

Design Methods and Concepts

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Voltmer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Bruce Ferguson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

practice and profession built upon a number of foundational blocks. Anengineering student needs to prepare a strong mind, collect a number of tools for problemsolving, and master a number of professional skills in a surprisingly short four-year degreeprogram1. A program focusing solely on science and engineering is simply not capable ofpreparing today’s students to be educated professionals in the engineering world.At Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT), we have added extra emphases to help ourgraduates excel after graduation, including a design sequence emphasizing professional practicein a design environment. This experience is grounded not only in an academic study ofprofessional practice, but also in the industrial experience of the

Conference Session

EM in a Global Environment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bramhall, Sheffield Hallam University; Steve Lawson, Leeds Metropolitan University; Ian Robinson, Sheffield Hallam University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

financial, social and political implications of decisions taken’ 5.In short, engineering graduates were required to be business-minded for the first time.By 1988, the Engineering Council was becoming more outspoken, observing that ‘educationfor working life rather than first job should...be the aim’. The engineer in industry must be ‘anauthority on technology, a leader of others, a communicator’ and engineering courses must‘improve working habits’ 6. The council was itself beginning to warm to the theme ofintervention in the undergraduate curriculum, and would indeed be funding and influencingnew engineering degree courses using Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) finance. Thelinks to industry and the world of work were clearly being re

Conference Session

Preparing Engr Students for International Practice

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Gary Downey, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

ofengaging people from different cultures. Downey et al.[1] point out that an important caution torecognize and keep in mind is that a key characteristic of globalization is that it is now difficultto characterize people as members of single cultures.1 The key point has to do with countries.Statements about the benefits of global learning for engineering students typically locate thosebenefits in encountering and coming to understand engineers and other potential co-workers whoare raised, educated, and living in countries other than their own. Their special educationalstatus is an indicator of the key, defining element in the goal of working productively withdifferent cultures, i.e., learning to engage effectively ways of thinking about and

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leema Kuhn Berland, University of Texas, Austin; David T. Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Cheryl Farmer, UTeachEngineering; Lisa Guerra, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 25.884.2 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Learning Sciences Guided High School Engineering Curriculum DevelopmentEngineering education is increasingly appearing in high school courses—as either astand-alone course or a component of a science course. In either context, engineeringmodules are tasked with multiple goals. In particular, as synthesized in the NationalResearch Council’s13 review of K-12 engineering education, it is expected thatengineering education will: 1.) focus on design and problem solving; 2.) incorporateappropriate STEM concepts and 3.) “promote engineering habits of mind.” High schoolengineering curriculum invariably addresses these goals

Conference Session

Integrating HSS into the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Wolverton; Janet Wolverton

Session 1161 Implementation of Ethics Education Throughout an Engineering College Robert H. Wolverton, Janet Bear Wolverton United States Air Force Academy/Oregon Institute of TechnologyI . IntroductionThe engineering community is rediscovering its roots of professionalism. During the past decadeengineering education moved beyond single minded devotion to science and technology byembracing multidisciplinary studies. To complete the transition from engineering scientists backto engineering professionals, education for the next decade is focusing on incorporating ethics andsocial responsibility into the curriculum

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics of Materials Classes

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Hall; Nancy Hubing; David Oglesby; Vikas Yellamraju; Ralph Flori; Timothy Philpot

equation is often troublesome for students. Examinationof student solutions to exam and homework problems reveals that one of the most commonerrors in calculating Q is incorrect identification of the area. Based on this observation, a gamecalled Q-tile (Figure 3) was developed with two objectives in mind: Page 8.591.4 Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2003, American Society for Engineering Education Session 2268

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Michele Casey; Kevin Torres

Session 3550 Electrical Engineering Technology Experiences for Kindergarten Students Kevin Torres, Michele Casey Penn State Erie, The Behrend College/Creekside Christian SchoolAbstractAn outreach project has been designed and implemented to provide kindergarten students withengineering technology experiences. In engineering education much has been done in outreachto middle school students and high school students. But very little is being done to reach out toK-6 and practically none for kindergarten students, especially in the field of engineering.This paper describes electrical engineering

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Ernest W. Tollner

Session 2608 Introducing Ethics into the Natural Resources Engineering Curricula Ernest W. Tollner, Professor Driftmier Engineering Center University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 Ethics is the discipline concerned with the process for deciding what is "goodbehavior" and what is "bad behavior" in particular situations. In other words, what isone's moral obligation in particular instances? How do our values map into behavior inspecific situations? Ethics provide written or spoken standards. The goal is not todefine a "one size fits all

Conference Session

Student Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindset I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

population earns less than $2 a day… Figure 1. Summary of Request for Proposals.Entrepreneurial mindset:In evaluating the impact of our interventions we have chosen to look at the mindset of ourstudents toward risk and intelligence and how we might encourage them to be moreentrepreneurial (defined as creative and inventive) in executing their projects and as they developinto engineers. The measure of mindset we are using has been developed by Carol Dweck ofStanford and is based on two key ideas or states of mind. The fixed mindset is a mindset wherethe individual believes that the abilities or intelligence they have is all they will ever possess andcannot be changed, while a growth mindset is one where the individual

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Forsgren, NASA Headquarters; Lauren Miller, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

technicallycomplex, highly significant scientific programs. Even though these professionals are highlyproficient in traditional analytical competencies, there is a unique opportunity to offer continuingeducation that further enhances their overall scientific minds. With a goal of maintaining theAgency’s passionate, “best in class” engineering workforce, the NASA Academy ofProgram/Project & Engineering Leadership (APPEL) provides educational resourcesencouraging foundational learning, professional development, and knowledge sharing. NASAAPPEL is currently partnering with the scientific community’s most respected subject matterexperts to expand its engineering curriculum beyond the analytics and specialized subsystems inthe areas of: understanding NASA’s

Conference Session

Assessment of Biomedical Engineering Programs

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ann McKenna

, A. L., and Cocking, R. R. (Eds.) (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.6. DiSessa, A. (1983). Phenomenology and the evolution of intuition. In D. Gentner & A. L. Stevens (Eds.), Mental Models (pp. 15-33), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.7. Linn, M. C. & Hsi, S. (2000). Computers, teachers, peers: Science learning partners, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.8. Birol, G., McKenna, A., Giorgio, T. and Brophy, S. (2002). Implementation of Educational Modules in a Biotechnology Course: A Challenge Based Education Approach, Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference, ASEE 2002, Montreal

Conference Session

Classroom Innovations

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Marilyn Smith

Session 2202 Learner Adaptation to Digital Libraries by Engineering Students Narayanan Komerath, Marilyn Smith School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0150Digital library: "A managed environment of multimedia materials in digital form, designed for the benefitof its user population, structured to facilitate access to its contents, and equipped with aids to navigatethe global network ... with users and holdings totally distributed, but managed as a coherent whole

Conference Session

The Nature of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University; Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

characteristics of engineers that enable themto produce or inhibit them from producing the innovations that U.S. society so urgently desires.We define these characteristics of engineers that enable or inhibit them from creating innovationsas engineering innovativeness or non-innnovativeness.Study participants defined an innovation as: “Simply put, it’s a new way of doing things. It’s breaking tradition and taking a new approach to solving an old problem. I think an innovation is actually only truly innovative if it is delivered to the world and widely adopted, and enjoyably used.” Riley “In my mind innovation is recognizing a need, or a gap, or a circumstance that could be better and then bringing to bear new ways of

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Patrick O'Connell, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

materials14. Providing robotics platforms to thosebudgets would increase drastically increase them. The Hemisson costs $250 per kit withoutsoftware7 and the Amigobot sells with its software suite for $3,095. The LEGO MindstormsNXT retails for $279.95 with the software sold separately10. Also without software, TETRIXretails for $871.95 for the basic kit11 and the most inexpensive VEX Robotics Design System kitcosts $399.9923. The iRobot Create is the least expensive example at $129.99 each9.PaperBotsWith those costs and the available funds for them in mind, a new educational technology wasdesigned. PaperBots utilizes the available classroom materials, such as paper and other officeand craft materials, to provide engineering activities in the classroom

Collection

2010 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Barbara E. Mizdail

continuedinterest in serving as productive contributors in our continuously changing world. These firstyear engineers demonstrated that they are up to the challenge.Appendix A: Four phases of Technical Project Management2Phase I - Conception PhaseActivity 1: Select the Project a. Choose a Project – Brainstorm with others to choose a project b. Select one of the proposed projects or suggest another project. Come up with a concept first formulated in the mind of one or more persons. It may be a concept that can be designed or developed immediately, or it may require further study.Activity 2: Organize a Team a. Choose 2 – 4 class members/TeamActivity 3: Initiate conception Phase Documents a

Collection

2010 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Barbara E. Mizdail

continuedinterest in serving as productive contributors in our continuously changing world. These firstyear engineers demonstrated that they are up to the challenge.Appendix A: Four phases of Technical Project Management2Phase I - Conception PhaseActivity 1: Select the Project a. Choose a Project – Brainstorm with others to choose a project b. Select one of the proposed projects or suggest another project. Come up with a concept first formulated in the mind of one or more persons. It may be a concept that can be designed or developed immediately, or it may require further study.Activity 2: Organize a Team a. Choose 2 – 4 class members/TeamActivity 3: Initiate conception Phase Documents a

Conference Session

Problem- and Project-Based Learning

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abeera P. Rehmat, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marissa Christina Owens, University of Nevada - Las Vegas; Jasmine Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

the classroom,” Support for Learning, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 140-147, 2001.[30]. L. S. Vygotsky, “Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes,” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.[31]. E. Hmelo-Silver, “Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn?,” Educational Psychology Review, vol. 16, no. 3, pp.235-266, 2004.[32]. L. Liu, J. A. Mynderse, A. L. Gerhart, and S. Arslan, “Fostering the entrepreneurial mindset in the junior and senior mechanical engineer curriculum with multi-course problem-based learning experience,” In Proc. FIE 2015: The 45th Annual Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference, pp. 1-5,.2015.[33]. J. W. Creswell, And W. Zhang, “The application

Conference Session

Session 2 - Track 3: From website to work environment: Exploring minority undergraduate engineering students conceptualizations of engineering careers

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Acaydia Campbell; Venicia Castro Villatoro; Angel Alexis Lopez, Florida International University; Janice L. Hall, Florida International University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Paper ID #36458From website to work environment: Exploring minority undergraduateengineering students’ conceptualizations of engineering careersMs. Acaydia CampbellVenicia Castro VillatoroAngel Alexis Lopez, Florida International UniversityDr. Janice L. Hall, Florida International University Janice L. Hall is a postdoctoral associate in the School of Universal Computing, Construction, and En- gineering Education (SUCCEED) at Florida International University (FIU). Her research focuses on en- gineering careers and workforce development as it relates to broadening the participation of historically underrepresented groups in

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 1 Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Taylor Lightner, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Natali Huggins, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Cynthia Hampton, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; David B. Knight, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

, researchers noticed several ways that race emerged in theattributes of engineers that were worth noting. One of the most common ways we noticed racewas when children explicitly stated that anyone, regardless of race or gender, can be an engineeras shown in text from Figure 1. This theme is coded as a color blindness approach to diversity inengineering. Two drawings stated, “Anybody, everyone is an engineer.” Furthermore, in follow-up interviews, the children mentioned how race and gender do not matter when it comes toengineering because it is about your heart and mind. Figure 1. Transcription: My picture is showing a person walking in the street. I put this because anyone can be an engineerIn each camp, the mission

Conference Session

Engineering in the Elementary School

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Cunningham, Museum of Science, Boston

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Elementary Goals: Many of the skills that are developed and reinforced byengineering are consistent with those already emphasized in elementary schools. Persistence,team building, the value of critically examining failure, sharing, and keeping an open mind areall aspects of character development that teachers value and consciously strive to foster inelementary children and thus appreciate as part of engineering. In middle and high school, theexplicit importance of such skills is much less often part of articulated in teaching goals.Materials Matter: In general, it is much easier to get elementary teachers to participate inprofessional development than secondary teachers. Many do not expect financial compensationand welcome a small stipend. Perhaps

Conference Session

Computer ET Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Forsman, Pennsylvania State University-Erie

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Students Ability to Solve Open-Ended Problems, Proceedings of the 2007 ASEE Annual Conference & Exhibition2. Joan A. Ballantine, Patricia McCourt Larres and Peter Oyelere, Computer usage and the validity of self- assessed computer competence among first-year business students, Computers and Education 49 (4) (2007), pp. 976-990.3. Shu-Sheng Liaw, Hsiu-Mel Huang and Gwo-Dong Chen, Surveying instructor and learner attitudes towards e- learning, Computers and Education 49 (4) (2007), pp. 1066-1080.4. Robert W. Wendover, Understanding the Millennium Mind, The Center for Generational Studies, wendover.gentrends.com

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of Houston; Raresh Pascali, University of Houston; Miguel Ramos, University of Houston; William Fitzgibbon, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2009-1955: A TWO-YEAR COMMON TEMPLATE FOR MECHANICALENGINEERING AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYEnrique Barbieri, University of Houston ENRIQUE BARBIERI received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1988. He was on the faculty of the Electrical Engineering Department (1988-96) and a tenured Associate Professor and Chair of the Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Department (1996-98) at Tulane University. In 2002 he joined the University of Houston as Professor & Chair of the Department of Engineering Technology. His research interests are in control systems and applications to electromechanical systems. He is a member of IEEE and

Conference Session

Pre-college: Summer Experiences for Students and Teachers (2)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Besser P.E., University of St. Thomas; Alison Haugh Nowariak, University of St. Thomas; AnnMarie Polsenberg Thomas, University of St. Thomas; Jenna Laleman, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

: “Yes, I like having college students because they have fresh minds on the subject because they were just recently taught about this, and they were able to understand our problems because they once had them too.” and “I think the college students added a perspective of how we would be using engineering in the future. They told us of some of their experiences and they were very nice.”Art BotsIn 2015, campers completed a circuitry project adapted from The Tinkering Studio.11 Aftercompleting this lesson, it was intended that students would have met the following learningobjective: “Students will be able to demonstrate using relevant vocabulary (closed circuit, opencircuit, power source, electricity, positive

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karim Heinz Muci-Kuchler, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Mark David Bedillion, Carnegie Mellon University; Shaobo Huang, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Cassandra M Birrenkott, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Marius D Ellingsen, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Walelign Messele Nikshi, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; John Ziadat, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Paper ID #18819Incorporating Basic Systems Thinking and Systems Engineering Concepts ina Mechanical Engineering Sophomore Design CourseDr. Karim Heinz Muci-Kuchler, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Karim Muci-K¨uchler is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Co-Director of the Experimental and Computational Mechanics Laboratory at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T). Before joining SDSM&T, he was an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Detroit Mercy. He received his Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics from Iowa State University in 1992. His main interest areas

Conference Session

Engineering Design Process Activities with Secondary Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica D. Gale, Georgia Institute of Technology; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

achieve specific objectives. Discourse analysis revealed peer responses characterizedas either socially supportive or socially unsupported and demonstrated that students typicallyrelied on supportive social responses to resolve the uncertainties they encountered as theyengaged in the task. This paper focuses on exploring student perceptions of collaborativeengineering design experience and the ways in which they collaborate as they complete a novelengineering design task.The hope of curricular interventions is that, through engineering experiences, students willdevelop habits of mind than will enable them to apply the Engineering Design Process (EDP) tosolve engineering problems [2]. However, as much of the research on students use of the

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects I: Electrical and Computer Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jay R. Porter, Texas A&M University; Anthony T. Cahill, Texas A&M University; Ricardo Eusebi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. • Experimental Physics and Engineering Lab III : Electricity and Magnetism - The final course is designed to complement a lecture-only physics course on electromagnetism and electromechanical systems and includes laboratory assignments that uses sensing, control and actuation to demonstrate electromagnetic concepts as well as an introduction to microcontrollers. Also included is a continuation of non-technical topics such as ethics and art-in-engineering. These three courses were purposefully designed with several goals in mind includingteaching students critical think skills through the use of programming, supporting students asthey learn highly theoretical concepts in their physics courses, introducing students to

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Maker Spaces in the First Year

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brian Scott Robinson, University of Louisville; James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville; Teresa Lee Tinnell, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

. In the mind of the actor—the structure of adolescents’achievement task values and expectancy-related beliefs. Personality and Social PsychologyBulletin 21 (3): 215–25.[33] Wigfield, A., and J.S. Eccles. 2000. Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation.Contemporary Educational Psychology 25 (1): 68–81.[34] Watt, H.M.G., and J.S. Eccles, eds. 2008. Gender and occupational outcomes:Longitudinal assessments of individual, social, and cultural influences. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.[35] Alias, M., and N. Hafir. 2009. The relationship between academic self-confidence andcognitive performance among engineering students. In Proceedings of the Research inEngineering Education Symposium (REES). Palm Cove, Australia.[36