Conference Session

New ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Constance D. Hendrix, USAF Academy; Danial J. Neebel PE, US Air Force Academy; Ryan Jay Silva, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Page 24.16.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 A Breadth First Introductory Course in Electrical and Computer Engineering Abstract As technology continues to advance and competition within the global economy becomes fierce, it is increasingly important that engineering students can not only select the proper equations, perform the correct computations/simulations and build circuits correctly, but also possess an appreciation for the variety of knowledge areas within their field of study. In an effort to better prepare electrical and computer engineering students, the Electrical and Computer Engineering

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Gregerson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sean Franey, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

examine the impactthat varying incentives have on exam participation rates. We also compare the performance ofstudents who chose to take an optional exam to their performance on mandatory mid-semesterexams and evaluate the impact that optional exams had on overall grades in our assessmentschemes. Surveys of our participants show that over 80% of students viewed the optional exampolicy as a positive change to the assessment scheme and only 3% viewed it negatively.I. Background and MotivationResearchers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) education have beenexpressing concern over graduation and retention rates for decades. Recently, the issue has foundits way into the highest levels of economic and educational policy discussion

Conference Session

The Climate for Women in Engineering

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Joni Spurlin; Susan Grant; Jo-Ann Cohen; Elizabeth Parry; Laura Bottomley; Sarah Rajala

Sciencesand current Vice President for Technology Policy and Consulting Engineering for Cisco Systemsin San Jose, California. The second speaker featured Suzanne Gordon, alumna of the College ofPhysical and Mathematical Sciences and current Chief Information Officer and Vice President of Page 9.1280.5the Information Systems Division for SAS Institute. Another program featured a panel of female Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright @ 2004, American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge; Dale S. Deardorff, Rocky Peak Leadership Center

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ where he got his PhD in Engineering Management with a focus on Risk Management of Global Sourcing ProjectsDr. Dale S Deardorff, Rocky Peak Leadership Center Page 24.165.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 An Implementation of Continuous Improvement in Instilling Innovative Thinking in The Entrepreneurship Curriculum for Engineers S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge Dale Deardorff, Rocky Peak Leadership Center Lewlyn Rodrigues, Manipal Institute of

Conference Session

Undergraduate Retention Activities

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Edward Evans; Francis Broadway; Sandra Spickard Prettyman; Helen Qammar

Engineering Change for Women in Engineering: The Role of Curricular and Instructional Change Sandra Spickard Prettyman, Helen Qammar, Edward Evans, and Francis Broadway University of Akron, Akron Ohio 44325IntroductionWomen currently make up 56% of all undergraduates but remain underrepresented in almost allscience, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs. This trend certainly holds true inengineering at the University of Akron, where women constitute only 18% of the engineeringstudent population. In addition, while women’s representation in the workforce has increased,their representation in the science and engineering workforce has

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research and Assessment III

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ozgur Eris; Tori Bailey; Helen L. Chen

understandhow engineering learning and educational experiences vary across populations and institutions,identifying significant factors related to gender, ethnic, and geographic diversity.APS addresses the following fundamental research questions: • SKILLS: How do students’ engineering skills and knowledge develop and/or change over time? How do the technological and mathematical fluencies of engineering students compare with those found in professional engineering settings? • IDENTITY: How do these students come to identify themselves as engineers? How do students’ appreciation, confidence, and commitment to engineering change as they navigate their education? How does this in turn affect how these students make

Conference Session

Knowing Students: Diversity & Retention

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Alisha Waller

Session 1430 T-shirts and Ponytails: Women Students in Engineering Talk about Self-presentation Alisha A. Waller Georgia State UniversityIntroduction Over the past thirty years, educators, activists, and politicians have made manycalls to increase the number of women in engineering education and practice. For example, in apublic hearing conducted by the Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science,Engineering, and Technology Development in July of 1999, William Wulf, President of the NationalAcademy of

Conference Session

Assessment of Graphics Programs

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Thomas Krueger; Theodore Aanstoos; Ronald Barr

since the students already had received threeweeks of exposure to the modeling software before the surveys were initiated. A comparison ofall the studies indicates that the advanced topics (prototyping, kinematics, FEA) were the mostnovel to the students and hence showed a bigger gain in the pre- to post- level of understandingof the topic. This underscores the students’ enthusiastic reception of these modern, technology-based topics in their freshman engineering design and graphics coursework. Table 10: Average Pre- to Post- Increases (Descending Order) Study Average Increase Study 6: Rapid Prototyping 2.04 Study

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Mariano Savelski; Robert Hesketh; Kevin Dahm

wasassisting a senior design group of students and one of the engineers brought in a “home-made” excel macro to calculate the vapor pressure of a mixture of VOC. When asked why hiscompany was not using simulators instead of spending time creating these macros, his replywas: “ we cannot afford them”.We believe that this trend will not continue and that the licensing fees will go down as thedemand increases. Computer usage and technology will continue to grow and the chemicalengineering profession must provide the future engineerConclusionsChemical process simulation is currently underutilized in the chemical engineeringcurriculum. According to the preliminary results of our survey, process simulators are used inall design courses and are also heavily

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher B. Williams, Virginia Tech; Jacob Preston Moore, Virginia Tech; Aditya Johri, Virginia Tech; Robert Scott Pierce, Sweet Briar College; Chris North, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

our economy depends on technological advancement,which requires a workforce that can be innovative and creative [1] and able to work in dynamicenvironments [2]. The need to prepare innovative engineers has led to research on adaptiveexpertise [2, 3], which focuses on the need for students to be on a trajectory where they are bothefficient (knowing something well and able to solve things fast) and innovative (able to applyknowledge to novel situations) [3]. To start students on a trajectory of adaptive expertise, we needto ensure they have a certain amount of domain knowledge and that this knowledge isremembered in such a way that allows for flexible application. This is an acute need in earlyengineering courses especially (e.g., Statics), as

Conference Session

Lessons Learned through Community Engagement of Engineering Students

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John J. Duffy, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Emmanuelle Reynaud, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Manuel A. Heredia, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

.   Page 25.1473.15 __Freshmen           __Yes   __Sophomore           __No   __Junior     __Senior     __Graduate  11.What  is  your  major?  (check  all  that  apply)   __Biomedical  Engineering         __Engineering  Technology   __Chemical  Engineering         __Mechanical  Engineering   __Civil  Engineering         __Plastics  Engineering     __Computer  Engineering       __Undeclared  Engineering   __Electrical  Engineering

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Tooley; Melissa S. Tooley

Arkansas. Asis typical for new engineering educators, she teaches an average of two courses a semester,conducts research, and travels to conferences to network and present research, averaging about aweek to two weeks per month out of town.Michael Tooley, a Global Marketing Executive for Lucent Technologies, has been in thetelecommunications industry for eight years. For the last 6 years, he has telecommuted, workingat home on a full-time basis and communicating with his base office and others on his team bytelephone or email. His position involves some travel, usually about a week to two weeks permonth.Having introduced ourselves, we should state that the suggestions contained herein are just that -suggestions that have worked for us. We hope that

Conference Session

Assessment and Curriculum Development

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University; Melinda Holtzman, Portland State University; Andrew Greenberg, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO), Sep.2020, pp. 1543–1548. doi: 10.23919/MIPRO48935.2020.9245228.[3] B. Pejcinovic, R. B. Bass, and P. Wong, “Assessing Scrum Project Management and Teamwork inElectrical and Computer Engineering Courses,” in 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, SaltLake City, Utah, Jun. 2018. Accessed: Jul. 04, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://peer.asee.org/29822[4] B. Pejcinovic, M. Holtzman, and P. Wong, “Work in Progress: Implementing Sophomore CornerstoneCourses in Electrical and Computer Engineering,” presented at the 2020 ASEE Virtual AnnualConference, Virtual, Online, Jun. 2020. Accessed: Jul. 08, 2020. [Online]. Available:https://www.jee.org/35648[5] B. Pejcinovic, P. Wong, and R. Bass

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: Evolving First Year Programs

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig M. Harvey P.E., Georgia Southern University; Sarah Cooley Jones, Louisiana State University and A&M College; Elizabeth Michelle Melvin, Clemson University; Roberto Champney

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

LSU CoE students that helped students develop an awarenessof needed study skills. Student HR noted she “would not have survived the first semester withoutBEE.” Student CW said that “Calculus review and prep made the first month of calculus lessstressful and easier.”Lessons Learned and Future PlansThe suspension of an in-person learning, and bridge program was the impetus for the Bridge toEngineering Excellence program instead of a well-defined engineering educational hypothesis.However, data was collected to assess its performance. In addition, several lessons were learned;(1) create a program that captures in-person type activities i.e., slides versus whiteboard; (2)using Zoom technology to streamline administrative tasks while the

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 22

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaorong Zhang, San Francisco State University; Stephanie Claussen, San Francisco State University; Fatemeh Khalkhal, San Francisco State University; Yiyi Wang, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #42732Evaluating ChatGPT’s Efficacy in Qualitative Analysis of Engineering EducationResearchDr. Xiaorong Zhang, San Francisco State University Dr. Xiaorong Zhang is an Associate Professor in Computer Engineering in the School of Engineering at San Francisco State University (SFSU). She is the Director of the Intelligent Computing and Embedded Systems Laboratory (ICE Lab) at SFSU. She has broad research experience in human-machine interfaces, neural-controlled artificial limbs, embedded systems, and intelligent computing technologies. She is a recipient of the NSF CAREER Award to develop the next-generation

Conference Session

Institutional inclusion: Advancing equity and belongingness in engineering education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Fouch, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Zoey Camarillo, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ben Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #43189Exploring Student and Faculty Beliefs about Inclusive Teaching in EngineeringKeith Fouch, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis ObispoZoey Camarillo, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis ObispoDr. Ben Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Ben Lutz is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Design at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. He is the leader of the Critical Research in Engineering and Technology Education (CREATE) group at Cal Poly. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Exploring Student and Faculty Beliefs about

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Herbert Holland; Dean Bruckner

Session 3659 A MATLAB-Based Speech Recognition Module for First Year Engineering Students Dean Bruckner, Herbert Holland U.S. Coast Guard AcademyAbstractAn instructional module is presented which introduces first year engineering students to electricalengineering, signals and systems and the basics of speech recognition. The Coast Guard Acad-emy’s context for this module, the inter-disciplinary Introduction to Engineering and Designcourse, is described. Next, brief overviews of the module’s learning objectives and key conceptsare provided. Details of

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Claire Rogers, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Cecilia La Place, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University

Learning Project-based learning is a commonly used teaching method in engineering due to itshands-on approach. Project-based learning is centered around the learner and allows them toinvestigate topics through experimentation [9]. Therefore, students have the flexibility to tailortheir approach to a project according to their preferred learning preferences. Project-basedlearning helps students with hands-on technology experience, the ability to work autonomouslyand take responsibility, and fosters inclusion and teamwork [10]. These are important attributeswhen it comes to working in industry since most projects are assigned and given a specificdeadline [11]. Some students might face challenges when switching from a traditional classroomto

Conference Session

FPD 7: Beyond Course Content

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan F Freeman, Northeastern University; Beverly Kris Jaeger, Northeastern University; Richard Whalen, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

universities have been introducing cornerstone design courses, using hands-on projects,looking for real-world challenges and problems to meet the many objectives named above.These reflections were deliberately gathered at the end of the first year, as students are decidingon majors, and have the projects most fresh in their minds as influencing their decision. Indeveloping their version of a cornerstone course at McMaster University, it was noted, “Theobjective of the Cornerstone is to instill in first-year engineers enjoyment from learning,motivation to continue learning, and genuine intellectual curiosity about the engineering in theworld around them.” 1 And, from the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, “The purpose ofcornerstone projects is to

Conference Session

Project-based and Cooperative Learning in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Wayne Freeman P.E., U.S. Coast Guard Academy; Anthony H. Hawes LCDR, USCG, United States Coast Guard Academy; Royce Warner James Ph.D.; Eric Jonathan Page, United States Coast Guard Academy; Ali M. Reza, U.S. Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

typical. The emphasis on project management stems from the skills required of a successful CoastGuard Officer in the “engineering community.” The Coast Guard-specific term for thecommunity that includes the electrical engineering discipline is: Command, Control,Communications, Computers and Information Technology (C4IT). The Coast Guard C4ITcommunity requires skills in project management. Coast Guard directives governing who can runhigh-cost projects and C4IT-acquisition doctrine either explicitly require key personnel to haveproject management credentials, or heavily incorporate project management principles in keyacquisition processes. The Project Management Professional (PMP), Professional Engineer (PE),and Department of Homeland Security

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 4

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Bryan James Higgs, University of the District of Columbia; Gulen Ozkula, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology: A Meta-Analysis,” Rev.Educ. Res., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 21–51, Mar. 1999, doi: 10.3102/00346543069001021.[21] K. Anders Ericsson, “Deliberate Practice and Acquisition of Expert Performance: AGeneral Overview,” Acad. Emerg. Med., vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 988–994, 2008, doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00227.x.Appendix A: Statics Class Survey Questions Fall 2024 # Question Mean Score 1 The multiple attempts feature motivated me to improve my performance on 4.29 assignments and quizzes. 2 I felt more invested in my

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Anne Wingate, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

Education, vol. 94, pp. 103-120,2005. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00832.x[4] ABET, "Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs, 2022-2023," 2023. [Online].Available: https://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditation-criteria/criteria-for-accrediting-engineering-programs-2022-2023/[5] National Science Board, "Undergraduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees in the UnitedStates," 2018. [Online]. Available:https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/report/sections/higher-education-in-science-and-engineering/undergraduate-education-enrollment-and-degrees-in-the-united-states[6] C. Twigg, "Improving Learning and Reducing Costs: Redesigning Large EnrollmentCourses," The Pew Learning and Technology Program, 1999.[7] Bhavya

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Kurr, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Jimmy Landmesser Jr., UT-Battelle

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD)

and implementation of technical standards. These challenges are expressed intechnical committee meetings, in office rooms after hiring a new engineering intern, and byeducators across engineering disciplines seeking ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineeringand Technology, Inc.). We hypothesize that the technical standards challenges faced by thecollective engineering profession are similar. A survey about the importance of and challengespresented by technical standards was completed by participants (N = 201) from multipledisciples, educational levels, and backgrounds across the United States. This paper analyzes thewritten responses provided in response to the survey (N = 149). Participant responses highlightseven technical standards

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Chemical Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Barr, University of Michigan; Sarah A Wilson, University of Kentucky; Janie Brennan, Washington University in St. Louis; Joanne Beckwith Maddock, Carnegie Mellon University; Tracy L. Carter, Northeastern University; Samira Azarin Azarin; Amy J. Karlsson, University of Maryland

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

the NU College of Engineering Communication Lab.Prof. Samira Azarin Azarin, Samira Azarin is an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota. She earned her B.S. in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006 and went on to receive a Ph.D. in chemAmy J. Karlsson, University of Maryland Amy J. Karlsson is an associate professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Maryland - College Park. She received her BS in chemical engineering from Iowa State University and her PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin - Madison. ©American Society for

Conference Session

Learning Mechanics through Visual and Tactile Modalities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon Clumpner, United States Military Academy; Kevin Francis McMullen, United States Military Academy; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics Division (MECHS)

, “Improving the Learning of Mechanics Through Augmented Reality,” Technology, Knowledge and Learning, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 347–368, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10758-021-09542-1.[21] J. A. Torres, A. Sychterz, and J. Henschen, “Enhanced Learning of Load Path in a 3D Structural System using Virtual Reality,” in ASEE Annual Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota: American Society for Engineering Education, 2022. [Online]. Available: www.slayte.com[22] S. Marra, “Development and evolution of a new mechanical design laboratory course,” in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Indianapolis, IN: American Society for Engineering Education, 2014.[23] T. Serdar, “Educational Challenges in Design for Additive

Collection

2002 ASEE North Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Greg Luttrell

WEB BASED DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES THAT ENHANCE UPPER-DIVISION ENGINEERING STUDENT LEARNING Greg Luttrell, Ph.D., P.E. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville A paper submitted for the 2002 North Midwest Section Annual conference of the American Society of Engineering Education. ABSTRACTTransportation (CE 376) is a required upper division course taught for civil engineering studentsat Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. This survey course is tasked with introducing thestudents to all phases of transportation. Class participation is important for student learning,though

Collection

2016 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Jing Guo; John M. Santiago

Engineering Education, 2016 68 2016 ASEE Rocky Mountain Section Conferenceelearning features could be found in the paper “Leveraging Internet Marketing Technologies andGreen-screen Techniques for Developing Engaging STEM and Online Content”7.Camtasia was used to create short lecture to explain the theory behind the lab experiments. Thenext section describes affordable hardware to conduct the experiments.Selection of Lab EquipmentIn order for students to conduct a lab experiment, normally they will need a DC variable powersupply, function generator, multi-meter, and oscilloscope. However, the department needs to findportable and

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waterloo Tsutsui, Purdue University ; Vladimir Zeltsman, Purdue University ; Tyler Scott Adams, Purdue University ; Jitesh H. Panchal, Purdue University ; Daniel Delaurentis, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

. Adams is currently pursuing his Master’s of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering and expects to receive this degree in 2024. Before Purdue, Adams received his Bachelor’s of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Brigham Young University in 2022. His research interests include aerospace systems engineering, aerospace design, and computational aerodynamics.Dr. Jitesh H. Panchal, Purdue University Dr. Jitesh H. Panchal is a Professor and Associate Head of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. He received his BTech (2000) from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, and MS (2003) and PhD (2005) in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Panchal’s research

Collection

2007 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Patrick H. Oosthuizen

report on the procedures used in the crash investigations of some ofthe crashes considered here. The official reports on the crashes that can be downloaded from theinternet can be used as a basis for these reports.References[1] H. Petroski, To Engineer is Human: the Role of Failure in Successful Design, St Martin's Press, New York, 1985.[2] D. Lawson, Engineering Disasters – Lessons to be Learned, ASME Press, New York, 2005.[3] R.M. Boisjoly, Ethical decisions - Morton Thiokol and the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Paper No. 87-WA/TS-4, 1987.[4] J.H. Fielder and D. Birsch, Eds., The DC-1O Case: A Study in Applied Ethics, Technology and Society, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY

Conference Session

Engineering Education; An International Perspective

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

James Kenney; Thomas Jewell

technical and policy issues in electricpower development (which are later presented to a campus-wide audience during Wintertrimester); (3) a detailed journal documenting observations from three weeks of field work in NewZealand that includes visits to power stations (hydroelectric, geothermal, fossil-fuel, and wind-based generation), national grid and power company control centers, and additional sites withenvironmental or cultural significance.(1) Seminars Prior to Field Work AbroadThe purpose of the seminars is to familiarize the students with the socioeconomic andenvironmental context in which power engineering decisions are made in New Zealand and tointroduce the economics and technology of hydroelectric, geothermal, and wind power