Conference Session

Importance of Technical & Professional Writing in Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peilin Fu, National University; Shekar Viswanathan, National University, San Diego; Ronald Uhlig, National University, San Diego; Howard Evans, National University, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

withdefining the types of written communications important for students in each program. It thenidentifies the courses and the appropriate type of writing that may be integrated into thecurriculum. Specific signature assignments for each type of written communication have beendeveloped and embedded in course syllabi. These signature assignments follow an IDM(introduce, develop, master) sequence, which makes sure that students can master and getadequate practice in required written communication before they get to their capstone/master’sproject courses. Rubrics and useful resources such as samples, helpful hints and FAQs are beingdeveloped for students to use with each type of writing assignment. We believe that the proposedmethod would enable our

Conference Session

Assessment of K-12 Engineering Programs & Issues

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Strutz, Purdue University; Matthew Ohland, Purdue University; Erin Bowen, Purdue University; Eric Mann, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-680: IDENTIFYING ENGINEERING INTEREST AND POTENTIAL INMIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS: CONSTRUCTING AND VALIDATING ANINSTRUMENTMichele Strutz, Purdue University Michele L. Strutz is a 2009 NSF Graduate Research Fellow and a doctoral student in Engineering Education, with a secondary doctoral focus in Gifted and Talented Education, at Purdue University. Michele's research interests include stEm talent development and identification. Prior to completing her Masters Degrees in Gifted and Talented Education and in Curriculum and Instruction, Michele worked as an engineer for 13 years in Laser Jet Printer marketing at Hewlett Packard Co., computer systems design at Arthur Andersen & Co

Conference Session

Post BS Entrepreneurship Education Needs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Shartrand, National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance; Phil Weilerstein, National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Katharine Golding, National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

coursework or through extracurricular activities(e.g., participation in a business plan competition, creating a written business plan, givingan elevator pitch to an audience, or completing an internship in a start-up company).Modules and Extracurricular Experiences. While the approach described here focusedon examining the more visible and formal entrepreneurship learning experiences such ascourses and programs, many students gain experiences in other ways. Some engineeringschools, rather than offer a stand alone course in entrepreneurship, integrate modules inone or more existing engineering courses. This approach allows entrepreneurship to beintroduced repeatedly and in the context of a specific engineering topic area. Otherapproaches at larger

Conference Session

International Study Abroad Programs & Student Engagements

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane Grayson, University of Pretoria

Tagged Divisions

International

in South AfricaAbstractAlthough it has been 16 years since South Africa’s first democratic elections were held, thelegacy of unequal educational opportunities and provision remains with us. A consequence isthat few black students are able to obtain an engineering degree in the regulation time of fouryears. The problem was exacerbated in 2009 when the first group of school leavers who wentthrough a new high school curriculum entered universities. This curriculum was designed to bemodern and skills-based, but many mathematics and science teachers, who had insufficientprofessional development and inadequate content knowledge, focused instead on drillingstudents in a restricted set of problem types. Students at universities were thus less able

Conference Session

Importance of Technical & Professional Writing in Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth Richards, University of Hartford; Ivana Milanovic, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

process2 and not as merely a “production” of static written or recordeddata. In addition, students, just like some writers in industry, often perceive written documentsmerely as a means to an end (to further a process, leverage more funding, meet regulatordemands) rather than as valid ends in themselves.3What our SDP course, by so visibly and deliberately integrating the rhetorical and the technicalcomponents of the senior project, attempts to do is to provide a context, a “situation that definesthe activity of writing.”4 This approach seeks to move students’ thinking beyond “Oh, it’s just areport” or “just writing.” It seeks to help students perceive the writing products of the course(technical report and presentation) as a lively conversation

Conference Session

Collaborative Projects in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Symans, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Mark Mistur, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Bruce Danziger, ARUP

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

experience serving as the catalyst for this paper. He is now a major proponent of the Bedford Program within the School of Engineering and anticipates future collaborative work with the School of Architecture to develop formal assessment processes for continuous improvement of the program.Mark Mistur, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Mark Mistur is the Associate Dean of Architecture and Associate Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute where he has been instrumental in developing a curriculum based on the inclusion of theoretical, design, and technical intelligences as necessarily integral to a progressive architectural design. His teaching and research focuses on innovations driven both by

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Roberts, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Philip Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Michael Thompson, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

University of Wisconsin—Platteville. The course isintended for sophomore students and serves two main purposes in the curriculum: 1. To introduce the students to civil engineering and the subdisciplines, and 2. To begin the development of an awareness of infrastructure and the challenges facing the United States with respect to infrastructure overcapacity and degradation.Details of efforts to incorporate exemplary teaching materials in the course development are pre-sented and the content of the course is outlined. As part of the course, students will be complet-ing an infrastructure assessment assignment inspired by the “Report Card for America’s Infra-structure”1 produced by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Assessment of student

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Atchison, Drexel University; Dorothea Holmes-Stanley, St. Cyprian's School; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

fascinating. The middle school participants were 6th, 7th and 8th grade studentsfrom groups traditionally underrepresented in science and technology fields. Seventypercent of the participants qualified for Title I remediation and the school ranked in thetop 12% of the bottom tier in the district-wide standardized test. The poor scores wereattributed to the students’ inability to decode the test questions and lack of context in theexisting science curriculum.Integrating language and graphic arts into the science curriculum is critical to helping thestudents learn how to effectively organize, synthesize, and communicate knowledge. Inour case, the act of organizing a story with a beginning, middle, and an end helpedstudents put their experiences in

Conference Session

Research on The First Year II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Dagley-Falls, University of Central Florida; Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida; Cynthia Young, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

will have classes in the future,establishing a community earlier than the typical junior year when students enter the major22.Institutions implement learning communities as a way to increase student involvement, buildcommunity, create a connection to the curriculum, enhance student-student and student-facultyinteraction, and ultimately retain students24, 30-31.Students living in residential learning communities have been shown to have higher levels of (a)social interaction with faculty and peers, (b) persistence, (c) satisfaction with the institution, and(d) commitment to the institution23. Students have the opportunity to carry their conversationsoutside the classroom and into their living environment which allows for an overlap

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Intercultural Awareness and International Experience

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chrysanthe Demetry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Richard Vaz, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

International

Polytechnic Institute (WPI). As part of WPI’s project-basedundergraduate curriculum, all students complete an interdisciplinary research project involvingboth social and technical dimensions. This Interactive Qualifying Project (IQP), conducted insmall teams of students under faculty guidance, is intended to help students learn how the socialand cultural contexts of a problem impact its solution. Other learning outcomes are related toinformation literacy, teamwork and professionalism, and written and oral communication.12Most IQPs involve addressing open-ended problems posed by community-based agencies andorganizations. Through WPI’s Global Perspective Program, over half of WPI students completetheir IQP at one of 15 Project Centers in Africa, the

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University; Oranuj Janrathitikarn, Pennnsylvania State University; Lyle Long, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

efforts to form an integrated software engineering team. The number of students in the classnecessitated the use of software development teams, which shared the same set of hardwaresystems. Having two teams also allowed the use of an end of semester competition. Theinstructor, Professor Lyle N. Long, took special training in software engineering to prepare toteach the courses; he is now a Certified Software Development Professional.The objectives of the course are to provide hands-on experience in software engineering, and tosimulate the real working environment of a large company using team work with an emphasis oncommunication and collaboration skills. “Collaboration is a process that crosses time andcultures. Increasingly, engineering

Conference Session

Innovation and Measuring Success in Graduate Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy Watson, University of South Carolina; Jed Lyons, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

can bedirectly assessed by the SDLRS, though it fails in assessing the leadership elements of others’knowledge and skill gaps and creating an organizational climate that encourages others to learn37 . So in order to answer the basic question of the instructional strategies’ effectiveness, theeffectiveness of developing students’ leadership skills must be assessed to answer the basicquestion of how it can be taught in a doctoral setting.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation’s Innovations inEngineering Education, Curriculum, and Infrastructure program, under Grant No. 0935039. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those ofthe authors and

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Viatcheslav Naoumov, Central Connecticut State University; Zbigniew Prusak, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Pedagogical Issues. In: AIAA, editor. Aerospace Science Meeting and Exhibit. Volume 47. Orlando: AIAA; 2009. p 1-8.6. Prusak Z. Challenges to Future Engineering Professionals - How to Prepare Students to Face Them. 1998; Seattle, WA. American Society for Engineering Eduation.7. Lema L, Baumann P, Prusak Z. In-common Methodology for Objective- and Outcome-based Programs Assessment. 2005; Portland, OR. American Society for Engineering Education.8. Prusak Z. Application of QFD in Engineering Education: Assurance of Learning Outcomes Fulfillment. 2007; Williamsburg, VA. QFD Institute.9. Al-Masoud N, Baumann P. Development and Implementation of an Integrated Outcom-based Assessment Plan for a New Engineering

Conference Session

Incorporating Advanced Technologies into Curriculums

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wells, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

’ leadership forums during 2008 and 2009. The paper will conclude with an outline of one possible step towards incorporating advanced manufacturing technologies into an undergraduate curriculum, without displacing instruction on timeless fundamentals.Historical Perspective for Introduction of New Technologies: For at least the past threedecades, the face of manufacturing has been in flux. The workplace in 2010 looks very muchdifferent than its counterpart in 1980. Tools and practices have evolved enormously. Inresponse, so has been the need for definition of manufacturing engineering education1 and thedesign of both undergraduate and graduate curricula. 74

Conference Session

Incorporating Advanced Technologies into Curriculums

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; John Mativo, The University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

engine along with his measurements to restore an antique windmill1.Kellogg and Jenison’s students explored the engineering design process by dissecting a fabricshaver, a Dremel Free Wheeler, and a Kodak camera2. Jahan and Dusseau used water Page 15.1187.2purification units to introduce concepts of reverse engineering to a multidisciplinary freshmanclass. The student teams of four to five studied the engineering principles behind the functions ofthe units as well as intellectual property rights, safety, ethics, ergonomics, and environmentalissues in engineering design3. Newstetter and McCracken differentiated between the terms ofreverse

Conference Session

BME Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Engineering Mathematics – Modeling o Compartmental Analysis o Deterministic And Stochastic Models o Using Quantitative Models To Simulate Physiological Systems o Numerical Methods Biosignals And Systems Analysis o Linear Systems o Convolution Of Signals o Auto-Correlation And Cross-Correlation Of Signals o Modeling In The Time Domain Bioinstrumentation o DC And AC Circuit Analyses o Electrodes For Biological Measurements o Transducer PropertiesOur course, BME4504C, is taught at the senior level of an undergraduate B.S. curriculum as a 3credit hour class which meets twice a week. Extended contact time (4 hours a week rather than 3hours

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in ET: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College; Jane LeClair, Excelsior College; Arnie Peskin, Excelsior College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

]. Traditional and non-traditional colleges and universities are now using a variety ofinstruction tools to deliver on-line instruction to their students. WebCT is an on-line tool thatfacilitates the development of web-based educational environments. In the case of ExcelsiorCollege, delivery of instruction is achieved primarily through the use of WebCT distancelearning tool. The key features of WebCT are listed in [4] and [5].The curriculum for Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering Technology (withconcentrations in electronics, power systems, and nanotechnology) being developed by Excelsior Page 15.420.4College is presented in Figure 1. This

Collection

2010 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Dave Sly; Daniel Bumblauskas; Frank Peters

these positions included those in the followingindustries. • Consulting • Industrial Tooling, Machines, • Industrial/Agricultural Equipment Automation, Manufacturing (graders, tractors, etc) • Transportation • Systems Integrators • IT Services (Technology) • Industrial Chemicals and Supplies • Energy/Utilities • Contractors and HVAC Suppliers The Industrial Engineering committee reviewed the companies that were hiring COE graduates for sales and marketing positions. Prior ISU graduates at these companies, or companies in similar industries, were asked to participate on an engineering sales

Conference Session

College-Industry Partnerships: Bringing Industry into the Curriculum Development and Design Cycle

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

College-Industry Partnerships

, the capstone experience reported on in this article,has served as a microcosm of the four year curriculum, and at the same time, provided insightsinto future curricular changes necessary to improve design education of the students. Page 15.999.14The teaching partnership between academics and practitioners has resulted in a totally newexperience for the students. Senior students, working in teams, have produced engineeredsolutions to real design problems, with an understanding of the socioeconomic, environmentaland political implication of their work. As a consequence, students have gained good insightsinto the “nuts and bolts” of design in

Conference Session

Service Learning and Societal Issues in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol Sevier, Boise State University; Seung Youn Chyung, Boise State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

the SL method in engineering classrooms. ≠ Integration of SL into a curriculum requires careful planning.15 Before implementing SL in a curriculum, assess needs of the local community while establishing positive rapport with the community, plan for overcoming potential challenges to be faced during the application of SL, and estimate resources required to successfully integrate SL into teaching and learning. ≠ Finding adequate projects suitable for freshman engineering students to complete can be a limiting factor. The client problems need to be of an appropriate scope and level of complexity; freshman engineering students have little to no experience with electronic design, 3D drawing and the

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pao-Chi Chen, Lunghwa University Science and Technology; Kwannin Kuo, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology; Meei-Ruey Hsu, Ming-Chuan University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students in the universities of science andtechnology is a crucial issue for engineering education in Taiwan. In the present study, a modified Delphi method was used for establishing the importanceindex of chemistry competence in terms of occupation domain. Additionally, a number ofsemi-structured interviews with experts were conducted in order to investigate the experts’views about chemistry education. The findings of this study might be implied in theassessment of current curriculum design and teaching contents of chemistry in the universitiesof science and technology in Taiwan. By the same token, the findings could be further utilizedin an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emad Habib, University of Louisiana, Lafayette; Carloina Cruz-Neira, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Yuxin Ma, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Douglas Williams, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

AC 2010-1139: DEVELOPMENT OF A VIRTUAL HYDROLOGIC OBSERVATORYFOR INTEGRATION OF FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL SIMULATIONSINTO ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY COURSESEmad Habib, University of Louisiana, Lafayette Dr. Emad Habib is an Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Louisiana (UL) at Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. degree in Civil & Environmental Engineering with specialty in Water Resources and Hydrology in 2001 from the University of Iowa. His research is in the areas of hydrology and hydrometeorology with emphasis on in-situ and remote sensing measurements of rainfall, hydrological applications of radar-rainfall information, hydrologic modeling, uncertainty

Conference Session

Implementing the CE BOK into Courses and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Doran, University of WIsconsin-Madison; Charlie Quagliana, University of WIsconsin-Madison; Norman Doll, University of WIsconsin-Madison; Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Greg Harrington, University of WIsconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

teaching design courses to be professionallylicensed, possess extensive professional experience in the fields being taught, and to maintaincontemporary knowledge by ongoing professional practice. Another means of achieving thisgoal is by effectively integrating practitioners into the faculty and curriculum to provide thenecessary practical experience.Desired Program Outcomes and the Need for Faculty with Professional Practice ExpertiseThe ABET, Inc. General Criteria for Baccalaureate Level Programs18 contain eleven (a throughk) specific stated program outcomes. Although all apply to professional practice to a degree,several have a clear and direct connection:(c) An ability to design…within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental

Conference Session

Introducing Programming in the First Year

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Virgilio Gonzalez, University of Texas, El Paso; Eric Freudenthal, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

modified course designed to introduce studentsto computer programming including an intense hands-on introduction to Python, C and electriccircuits. Continuing evaluation of introductory programming offerings at UTEP has motivatedevolutions in curriculum, course objectives, and evaluation strategies. Interestingly, the resultingcourse, which engages students in “computational reasoning,” integrates both programming and Page 15.1382.8mathematics, and is engaging students with weak math skills. Results from early evaluationefforts are encouraging and have lead to adoptions into other areas. We anticipate that studentswho attend the Electrical

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Technology Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2010-2114: INTEGRATING CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INTO AMULTI-DISCIPLINARY SEMINAR COURSE: BROADENING THE STUDENTHORIZON TO BETTER FUNCTION AND APPRECIATE GLOBAL,CONTEMPORARY ISSUESDavid Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte DR. DAVID S. COTTRELL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1978 and retired in 2000 after more than 22 years of service with the US Army Corps of Engineers. Studies at Texas A&M University resulted in an MS Degree in Civil Engineering in 1987 and a PhD in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer with the Commonwealth of Virginia

Conference Session

Industry based new Innovative and Nontraditional Curriculum in Industrial Technology and Industrial Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuefu Zhou; Xiaodong Yue; James Everly

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

only engineering and sciencestudents, but also engineering technology students in the general fields of computing,networking, communications and information technology.This paper describes an approach to teaching public-key cryptography to electrical and computerengineering technology students utilizing three computer projects designed to provide hands-onexperience with public-key cryptography. These projects introduce students JAVA BigIntegerclass and its built-in methods and open source cryptography libraries such as crypto++ allowingstudents develop public-key cryptographic applications. Instead of using a small modulus forsolely instructional demonstration, these projects allow student’s natural curiosity to bestimulated and result in a

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

cell research used under a wide range of operational conditions for the US Army, as well as battery research, and the implementation of alternative energy power sources in autonomous ground vehicle robots. He is also working with his students supporting DTE Energy in the operation and optimization of their Hydrogen Power Park in Southfield, Michigan, a photovoltaic, biomass, water electrolysis, hydrogen storage, hydrogen vehicle fueling station and fuel cell power demonstration project, funded by the Department of Energy. He has also established an alternative energy laboratory at LTU that contains integrated fuel cell and hydrogen generation systems, as well as equipment

Conference Session

Industry based new Innovative and Nontraditional Curriculum in Industrial Technology and Industrial Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Reifschneider, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

thesummer.Bibliography1. Nepal, B.P., Albayyari, J. M. (2007). An Industrial Project Management Course for Technology Curriculum, Proceedings of the 2007 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition.2. Kelley, D.S. (2005). Team Design Problem in Technology. Journal of Industrial Technology, 21(1), 1-8.3. Schmidt, L., Schmidt, J., Colbeck, C., Bigio, D., Smith, P., Harper, L. (2003). Engineering Students and Training in Teamwork: How Effective?, Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition.4. Smith, K. (2000). Strategies for Developing Engineering Student's Teamwork and Project Management Skills, Proceedings of the 2000 American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Electrical & Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, State University of New York, Oswego; Rachid Manseur, SUNY-Oswego; Thomas Doyle, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

course isviewed in a dynamic perspective. Currently the Lab serves the needs of Physics students, while in thenear future it will mainly serve the needs of the future ECE students (possibly including some studentswho have currently taken the course). Therefore, the need for Lab restructuring at this time is paralleledby the need to tune in the content to present and future student needs (an adapted course will be in thefuture part of the ECE program). An integration of laboratory and lecture will be performed in the future,as the entire ECE program and laboratory designs (building facilities) were conceived in this way.In the current phase, lab experiments were tested in lab conditions and modified in order to match thelecture curriculum and

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Kenneth W. Santarelli

educational needs in the elementary, middle, and highschool districts (pipeline) throughout the region. This customer driven approach is consistent withTyler’s seminal work on curriculum development16 and on Dewey’s work which provided anunderstanding of the sources of educational objectives17. Proceedings of the 2010 American Society for Engineering Education Zone IV Conference Copyright © 2010, American Society for Engineering Education 198Employers in the region have recognized the need for a local program to educate engineers.According to an official statement from Edwards AFB,The entire aerospace industry has a