Conference Session

Engineering Education & Capacity Building in Developing Countries

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC

Tagged Divisions

International

2006-1268: BRAIN DRAIN CONCERNS IN TECHNICAL CAPACITY BUILDINGEFFORTSRussel Jones, World Expertise LLC Russel C. Jones is a private consultant, working through World Expertise LLC to offer services in engineering education in the international arena. He previously served as Executive Director of the National Society of Professional Engineers. Prior to that, he had a long career in education: faculty member at MIT, department chair in civil engineering at Ohio State University, dean of engineering at University of Massachusetts, academic vice president at Boston University, and President at University of Delaware. Dr. Jones is President of the Committee on Capacity Building of the

Conference Session

Faculty Development Toolkit

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Jordan, Baylor University; Bill Elmore, Mississippi State University; Walter Bradley, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Education, 2006 Mentoring New Faculty: What Works and What Does not WorkAbstractThe world of academia has a unique set of challenges to the new faculty member. This is trueeven if the person just graduated with a Ph.D. since professors face many challenges that are notfaced by a graduate student.There are several different ways mentoring can be done. One way is to have the directsupervisor of the professor also serve as his mentor. While this has some merit, a new professormay be reluctant to share issues or struggles with a supervisor. A second and often moreeffective way is to have mentoring from a more senior professor who is not the new person’sdirect supervisor. In this way the new professor

Conference Session

New trends in ECE education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Jacobson, Iowa State University; Thomas Daniels, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

: • Provide time for the participating faculty members to view the courses • Offering new information assurance and security courses or add security topics to existing courses • Release time to attend the summer workshopTo date, this level of commitment has not been an issue for participating Universities.Ongoing supportThe goal of the project is to establish a mechanism to provide on going support to theparticipants via the web, and through continued personal contact. A web site will be maintainedthat will support a chat room, on line help, an email list server, and access to the coursewaremodules. We will also provide on going assistance to help the participants develop laboratoriesto support the courses and will assist in assessment, by

Conference Session

Faculty Development Toolkit

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Murad, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown; Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

excerpts from the comments made by the faculty: o “He is one of the main reasons why I loved teaching and decided to became a professor” o “Gave view of the big picture of life” Page 11.1126.6 o “Tied lessons back to real life experience with sense of humor” o “Kept perspective of school as introduction a career” o “Stressed competitive nature of success in school as related to opportunities for employment” o “Knew so much about so many issues in life” o “Encouraged critical thinking and made you recognize that today’s answer may well be supplanted in the future by new knowledge and/or understanding” o

Conference Session

Faculty Development Toolkit

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Samples, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

ideas about teaching are reinforced by the views of theirpeers. Thus we have identified good teaching through a peer identification process. Perhaps, allcolleges should gather their faculty to discuss this very issue as it has great impact on thestudents, even if the university reward system does not recognize teaching as important. Mostfaculty must teach, and doing it well can be fulfilling and lead to efficiencies across the spectrumof teaching, research and service.References:1. Skilling, H.H., Do You Teach? Views on college teaching, New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 1969.2. Lowman, J., Mastering the Techniques of Teaching, Second Edition, San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass Publishers,1995.3. Wankat, P.C. and Oreovicz, F.S., Teaching

Conference Session

Faculty Development Toolkit

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, U.S. Military Academy; Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

individualtalents of the instructor. What works superbly for one teacher may totally flop for another.Some veterans will admit they cannot define good teaching, but they know it when they see it.While there are an infinite number of ways to teach well, there are some consistent elements,activities and attributes that seem to be present with all good teachers.In a landmark study, Joseph Lowman2 used teaching award nominations from over 500 studentsand faculty members to quantify what makes a good teacher. The award nominations, in essence,constituted a statistical database of descriptions of exemplary teaching. The study assembledadjectives and descriptive phrases from the award recommendations, divided them into likecategories and tallied the results. The

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jana Renner Martinez, University of Texas-El Paso; Evelyn Posey, University of Texas-El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

2006-939: FOCUSING THE LENS ON WOMEN FACULTY ISSUES: THREEYEARS OF ADVANCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASOEvelyn Posey, University of Texas-El Paso Evelyn Posey is the Dorrance D. Roderick Endowed Professor and Chair of the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) Department of English and PI on the NSF ADVANCE Institutional Transformation for Faculty Diversity initiative. A specialist in Rhetoric and Writing Studies, she has served as Director of English Education; Director of the West Texas Writing Project, a site of the National Writing Project; Associate Dean of Liberal Arts; and Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs.Jana Renner Martinez, University of Texas-El Paso Jana

Conference Session

Women & New Faculty Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Miertschin, University of Houston; Carole Goodson, University of Houston; Luces Faulkenberry, University of Houston; Barbara Stewart, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

asked tobe involved with assessment of overall program quality, both for institutional accountability andfor accreditation. Thus, it is important for freshman faculty to be familiar with a variety ofassessment techniques as they begin their careers in higher education.Student self-assessment is a technique that can be used together with other techniques tocomprise an assessment effort. Student self-assessment refers to a student rating his/her ownachievement of skills or knowledge. If new engineering educators encounter this technique aspart of a program assessment approach, or if they wish to use it to help evaluate students or theirclass effectiveness, then an understanding of what it is, how it is developed, and why it is usefulis

Conference Session

Faculty Development: Tenure & Promotion

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Garrick Louis, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

the NSF New Young Investigators (NYI) award in1992. In 1992, NSF instituted the Presidential Faculty Fellows (PFF) award as a moreselective program that awarded young faculty up to $100,000 per year for five years withno matching-fund option.Among the results of a 1992 report on the Presidential Young Investigator program, wasthe finding that awardees believed that educational activities were not valued by theirinstitutions. Partly in response to this concern, the Faculty Early Career Development(CAREER) program was approved by NSF’s National Science Board in 1994, and thefirst awards were made in fiscal year (FY) 1995. While the focus of earlier programs wasprimarily on research, the focus of the CAREER program is on integrating teaching

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Janet Callahan; Amy Moll, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

leaders in research; yet, other women faculty were originally hired to contributeexcellence in the teaching arena. Some of these faculty express that they feel stressed or leftbehind due to the new emphasis on research. Obstacles, Barriers, Suggestions for Change Rank Workload balance issues including lack of schedule flexibility and lack of flexibility or clear 1 expectations in balancing teaching, research and service Inadequate family-friendly policies such as family leave or tenure clock extension 2 Administration climate issues such as unsupportive, insensitive or discriminatory actions by senior 3 faculty and people in leadership Need for

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jana Whittington, Purdue University-Calumet; Kim Nankivell, Purdue University-Calumet; Joy Colwell, Purdue University-Calumet; James Higley, Purdue University-Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

in the areas of current technology. Technology changes rapidly in theComputer Graphics field and the faculty find themselves continually updating and changing theircourses to keep step with current changes in the technology, both in hardware and software.Course consistency in the form of learning objectives and outcomes is an important assessmentmeasure. Many problems can arise in assessment while keeping up with the technology, to thepoint where some assessment measures may become obsolete. In response to that, this paper willexplore a number of questions that deal with the issue of rapidly changing technology within thelearning environment. This paper will explore teaching and learning styles, technology issuesand how to develop a base for

Conference Session

Ethics Integration in the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Vinod Lohani, Virginia Tech; Jennifer Mullin, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

been explored to handle debris? c. What factors should be considered to determine order of debris removal? Whose (government, businesses, residences, etc.) debris should be removed first, second, third, etc. and why? 4. Contamination Issues a. Discuss types of contaminants (i.e., animal/human waste, fuel, etc.) and concerns with each type b. Describe current plans to deal with contamination and possible long term effects c. Should residences and buildings be constructed in areas where contamination may exist? 5. Rebuilding New Orleans a. Describe types of local industries in New Orleans and their relative importance on a national

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Wolf, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-2549: DOCTORAL DEGREES IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY: WHATARE THE REAL ISSUES?Lawrence Wolf, Oregon Institute of Technology Page 11.494.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 DOCTORAL DEGREES IN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY: WHAT ARE THE REAL ISSUES?ABSTRACT In 1982 I published a paper in the ASEE, Journal of Engineering Education, which attempted to bring the issues concerning graduate education in engineering technology into focus.i At that time it was the masters degree that was the point of contention. Engineering technology educators wanted masters degreesii, but the broader engineering education community was still ambivalent about

Conference Session

Women & New Faculty Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Jessop, University of Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

untilafter tenure to try starting a family to ensure that its impact on their careers is minimal.However, the biological clock is unrelenting. As we delay the time to family, healthconsiderations such as fertility issues and high-risk pregnancies become more of a reality.Although modern medicine can help with some of these problems, it has yet to extend the periodof time to menopause. In addition to these concerns, I began thinking practically: Will I haveenough energy for childrearing as an older parent? Will I be able to enjoy grandchildren?No one can decide for you what alarm clock you will answer. It is an individual choice, andultimately you must live with the consequences of that choice. However, I would like to presentsome guiding principles

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Scambilis, Sinclair Community College; Jennifer Wise, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1661: TAC-ABET ACCREDITATION – A NEW PROCESS, A NEWBEGINNINGNicholas Scambilis, Sinclair Community College Dr. Scambilis, a Professor at Sinclair Community College, is the Chair of the Environmental Engineering Technology, Safety Engineering Technology and Fire Science Technology programs. He has a PhD in Environmental Engineering from the University of Missouri. He retired as a Colonel from the U.S. Air Force where he served as a Civil Engineer. He has been at Sinclair for nine years.Jennifer Wise, Sinclair Community College Jennifer Saygers-Wise earned her Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Arizona and her Masters in Engineering from the University of

Conference Session

Faculty Involvement in International Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donal McHale, Dublin Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

to also pursue his other commitments.• Cultural issues in the Lecture Theatre Any faculty exchange directly affects the students exposed to the exchange faculty members. As professors or lecturers, the styles which are effective with learners in our home institution clearly have a cultural context. These interaction styles are influenced by the culture of our individual societies but also by the accepted styles and norms of staff/student interaction within our own institutions. Therefore, prior to undertaking a short-term exchange, it was natural to have a level of concern as to the extent to which our style of interaction with learners (already proven effective at our home institution) will work in another cultural context

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barb Silver, University of Rhode Island; G. Boudreaux-Bartels, University of Rhode Island; Helen Mederer, University of Rhode Island; Lynn Pasquerella, University of Rhode Island; Joan Peckham, University of Rhode Island; Mercedes River-Hudec, University of Rhode Island; Karen Wishner, University of Rhode Island

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

efforts are well received. Incentive awardrecipients are required to submit a final report identifying the outcomes of their projects.Work-Life: Use of the new Parental Leave Policy is being tracked, and interviews are facultybeing conducted concerning parental leave, dual career issues, and general experiences of newfaculty members. The 2007 climate survey will further assess faculty perceptions of work-lifebalance options at the university.Climate: Departments that have participated in climate workshops will also engage in follow-upself-evaluations to determine how well their action plans have been implemented or how tomodify them. The 2007 climate survey will contribute to our understanding of the impact of thedepartment workshops, by

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Medicalleave ensures that a new mother has time to recover from her pregnancy and care for her newchild and, at the same time, protects her from other disadvantages she might suffer if pregnancywere treated differently. As the 2004 GAO Report notes, for example, “relief from teachingduties [to deal with family issues such as the birth of a child] may benefit male faculty more thanfemale faculty. In connection with the arrival of a child, to the extent that male faculty may haveless involvement in caring for newborns, male faculty may use the extra time to do additional Page 11.1066.13research or laboratory work.”12 Thus, while either family or

Conference Session

Topics in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leonard Bond, Idaho National Laboratory; Robert Wharton, Idaho State University; Andrew Kadak, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Kevin Kostelnik, Idaho National Laboratory

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

2006-2358: THE NEW CENTER FOR ADVANCED ENERGY STUDIES (CAES)Leonard Bond, Idaho National Laboratory Leonard J. Bond, Ph.D., F.InstP., MIEE., C.Eng. is Director, Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho National Laboratory and is Affiliate Faculty, Physics, at both Idaho State University and the University of Idaho. He holds a BS in Applied Physics and a PhD in Physics from The City University, London. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK) and a Senior Member IEEE. He has been author or co-author of more than 200 publications, including 6 book chapters, 3 monographs and more than 55 in peer-reviewed scientific journals. He is author of more than 60 major reports. He holds 6

Conference Session

Installing & Assessing Technology Literacy Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University; John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

2006-620: TEACHING TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY: AN OPPORTUNITY FORDESIGN FACULTYDavid Ollis, North Carolina State UniversityJohn Krupczak, Hope College John Krupczak is Associate Professor of Engineering at Hope College, and founding chair of the new Technological Literacy Constituent Committee of ASEE Page 11.1228.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Teaching Technological Literacy: An Opportunity for Design Faculty ?Abstract The National Academy of Engineering, the National Science Foundation, andvarious prominent engineering faculty and administrators have

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University; John Krupczak, Hope College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2006-648: TEACHING TECHNOLOGY LITERACY: AN OPPORTUNITY FORDESIGN FACULTY?David Ollis, North Carolina State UniversityJohn Krupczak, Hope College John Krupczak is associate professor of engineering at Hope College, and the founding chair of the new Technological Literacy Constituent Committee of ASEE Page 11.1229.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Teaching Technological Literacy: An Opportunity for Design Faculty ?Abstract The National Academy of Engineering, the National Science Foundation, andvarious prominent engineering faculty and administrators have

Conference Session

Where are We Going? The Future of Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, U.S. Military Academy; Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

teach this body ofknowledge. It concludes that civil engineering faculty must be scholars, effective teachers,practitioners, and role models. While true, there are a number of complex issues that arise suchas whether it is possible for one person to possess all of these attributes, whether such a modelbest serves the projected trends in civil engineering education, and whether these needs areapplicable to and can be enforced for non-traditional, non-university civil engineering programs.As a new committee (BOK-2) has formed to write the second edition of this document, theASCE Committee on Faculty Development is revising the “who should teach” chapter for thiseffort. This paper discusses some key issues that are relevant to the civil

Conference Session

Faculty Involvement in International Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC

Tagged Divisions

International

educators in developing countries; planning and conducting of electronic conferences, such that engineering educators in developing countries can participate in virtual meetings even though typically unable to travel to live conferences • Entrepreneurial conference – planning for an international conference on teaching entrepreneurship to engineering students • Black Sea University Network workshop – planning for a workshop on best- practices in engineering education, to be held in Moldova for the dozens of engineering schools within the 100-member Black Sea University Network • Gender issues – collaborating with two major international organizations concerned with gender issues in engineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chetan Sankar, Auburn University; P.K. Raju, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

funding from the NSF and other sponsors to develop award winningcase studies that would help faculty members make the necessary paradigm shift in engineeringand technology education so that their graduates are better prepared for the 21st centuryworkplace. Evaluation data shows that the multimedia case studies developed by LITEE havethe ability to bring real-world issues into engineering classrooms, improve the higher-levelcognitive skills of students, stimulate teamwork among students, and satisfy the majority of theABET 3a-k criteria in an exemplary fashion27, 8, 14.II.1. Multimedia Instructional Materials Developed by LITEE The Laboratory for Innovative Technology and Engineering Education (LITEE) teamconsists of faculty and students

Conference Session

Progress on Raising the Bar

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ernest Smerdon, University of Arizona; Stephen Ressler, U.S. Military Academy; James K. Nelson, University of Texas-Tyler; Jim O'Brien, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

programs willnormally be done at the same time; thus the program will be able to prepare for bothsimultaneously. Moreover, it is likely that there will be only a single self-study report. Mostimportantly, the draft accreditation criteria and associated guidelines have been designed tominimize the incremental resource requirements for advanced-level accreditation. For example,as the current draft ASCE Commentary states, “Successful project reports, theses, orcomprehensive exams approved by the faculty are some of the possible ways the program mightdemonstrate that its graduates have the ability to apply advanced knowledge.”7 Thus, there is noreason for any new assessment processes above and beyond those already existing in the currentdegree

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

LaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook; David Ferguson, State University of New York-Stony Brook; LaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

2006-2177: STATUS AND EXPERIENCES OF MINORITY GRADUATESTUDENTS, POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS, AND FACULTY IN SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS DISCIPLINESLaRuth McAfee, State University of New York-Stony Brook Postdoctoral Engineering Education Researcher, National Academy of Engineering Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Technology and Society 1999 University of Michigan Graduate (B.S.E.), Chemical Engineering 2005 MIT Graduate (Ph.D.), Chemical EngineeringDavid Ferguson, State University of New York-Stony Brook Distinguished Service Professor Chair, Department of Technology and Society Joint Appointment, Applied

Conference Session

Faculty Reward System Reform Duplicate Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Keating, University of South Carolina; Thomas Stanford, University of South Carolina; John Bardo, Western Carolina University; Duane Dunlap, Western Carolina University; Dennis Depew, Purdue University; Niaz Latif, Purdue University; Gary Bertoline, Purdue University; Stephen Tricamo, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Harvey Palmer, Rochester Institute of Technology; Albert McHenry, Arizona State University; Eugene DeLoatch, Morgan State University; Mohammad Noori, California State Polytechnic; Ronald Bennett, University of St. Thomas; Jay Snellenberger, Rolls-Royce; Samuel Truesdale, Rolls-Royce

resolve important questions and to plan and coordinate work.Requires the use of advanced techniques and the modifications and extension of theories, precepts and practices ofthe field and related sciences and disciplines. The knowledge and expertise required for this level of work usuallyresult from progressive experience.Direction Received. Supervision and guidance relate largely to overall objectives, critical issues, new concepts, andpolicy matters. Consults with supervisor concerning unusual problems and developments.Typical Duties & Responsibilities. One or more of the following: 1) In a supervisory capacity, plans, develops,coordinates, and directs a large and important engineering project or a number of a small projects with

Conference Session

Elementary School Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tuba Bayraktar, Hampton University; Keith Williamson, East Carolina University; Ilhan Bayraktar, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Concepts and New TechnologiesAbstract The ever increasing energy usage and depleting nonrenewable energy resources are ofgreat concern to all nations. The staggering cost of gasoline for today’s motorist underscores thetough challenges for industrialized and developing nations with a large appetite fornonrenewable energy resources. Engineers throughout the world have focused their efforts ondeveloping environmentally friendly and energy efficient technological solutions. This paperdiscusses a program created to educate elementary school students on the benefits of theseevolving technologies. The program results showed that connecting students to energy relatedissues at the early stages of their education is

Conference Session

Retention Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allene Manning, Purdue University; Virginia Booth-Gleghorn, Purdue University-MEP; Monica Cox, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, Purdue University Monica Farmer Cox is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. She received her Ph.D. in Higher Education Administration at Peabody College of Vanderbilt University, her M.S. in Industrial Engineering at the University of Alabama, and her B.S. in Mathematics at Spelman College. Her research interests include teaching and learning in engineering education; engineering faculty and student development; and assessment and evaluation of engineering curricula, faculty pedagogy, student learning, student retention, and student engagement within engineering courses.Virginia Booth-Gleghorn, Purdue University-MEP Virginia Booth Gleghorn is the Director

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matt Eliot, University of Washington; Roxane Neal, University of Washington; Jennifer Turns, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

their engineering discipline represented in resource materials. (Design Principle #4)Remind them to make changes slowly. Multiple evaluators also suggested that our web siteshould advise engineering educators (the readers of this web site) to initially make small andincremental changes to their teaching. The site should also remind them that trying newtechniques could be bumpy. Our experts were concerned that readers of our site would beoverwhelmed by taking on too many or too significant of changes. This finding had animportant impact on our design principles, suggesting the possible addition of a new one: Aresource for engineering faculty should realistically portray the time and effort involved whenadopting new teaching methods.Related