Conference Session

What's New in Dynamics?

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Avitabile, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Jeffrey Hodgkins, University of Massachusetts-Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

., “Modernization of a Mechanical Engineering Laboratory using Data Acquisition with LABVIEW”, ASEE 2003 Session 22663 McConnaughay,K., Welsford,I., Stabenau,E., “Inquiry, Investigation, and Integration in Undergraduate Science Curricula”, Council on Undergraduate Research Quartley, pp14-18, September 19994 Mantei,E.J., “Using Internet Class Notes and Power Point in the Physical Geology Lecture – Comparing the Success of Computer Technology with Traditional Teaching Techniques”, Journal of College Science teaching, pp301-305, April 20005 Regan,M., Sheppard,S., “Interactive Multimedia Courseware and Hands-On Learning Experience: An Assessment Study”, Journal of Engineering Education, pp123-131, Apr 19966 Riggs,B., Poli,C., Woolf,B

Conference Session

Research in Minority Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Gonzalez-Barreto, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Antonio Gonzalez-Quevedo, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

School and Gender z o ón a ma ao üe an ic b a m o lin ya ac a g ce Ju e y r a m ay n n A r Ba Ca Gu Hu M Po Sa F M HS_TYPE PRIVA DA 1000

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

the “banking education” format. Thus, it is valuable togather information regarding students’ preference with regard to the new coursestructure.3. New Structure:In Spring of 2005, CE4506 was team taught by two new instructors. Instructor Awas a professional engineer at a local firm. Instructor B was a Ph. D. candidate inEnvironmental Engineering at Michigan Tech. The two instructors rotated on aweekly basis. Thus, each taught every other week. The class was taught onMonday, Wednesday, and Friday, in one hour sessions. Course format changesincluded alterations to the components of the student grade and the classroomteaching methods as described in the following sections.3.1 Student Grade ComponentsStudent grades for the class were based on the

Conference Session

Engineering for Social Justice

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Schreier, University of Dayton; Carl Eger, University of Dayton; Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Learning, Projects that Matter: Concepts and Models for Service Learning in Engineering, AAHE, E. Tsang, ed., Washington D.C., (2000).6 Design Criteria for Sustainable Development in Appropriate Technology: Technology as if People Matter Robert C. Wicklein, Ed. D. University of Georgia, USA7 Hazelton, B, Bull, C. Appropriate Technology: Tools, Choices and Implications, November 1988.8 Wilk, et. al., Preparing Engineering Students to Work in a Global Environmen: The Union College Model,, Proceedings of the 2001 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition9 Mayes, et. al., ABET Best Practices: Results form Interviews with 27 Peer Institutions, Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Annual Conference and

Conference Session

Energy Learning through Simulation and Analysis

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Grinberg, Buffalo State College; Herbert L. Hess P.E., University of Idaho in Moscow; Frank Pietryga, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

S = 100MVAFigure 2b. Data for Simulation ExerciseThe high level problem, offered to a second group of EE students taking the same course, isshown in Figure 2. The same problem was given to all EET students (it should be noticed that all10 EET from Buffalo State and were assigned both programming and simulation projects, while13 EET students from UPJ were assigned simulation project). This is a segment of the publicelectric utility grid in Western New York. The students were asked to complete the following:a) Simulate the given power system using a high level program (PowerWorld® 3 wasdemonstrated for them)b) Make changes that should improve the systemc) Assess those changesd) Propose further improvements to the problem at hand.We assess

Conference Session

Innovative Classroom Techniques

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eileen Kowalski, U.S. Military Academy; Joe Manous, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Engineering Education. 94:2, 207-213.14. Light, Richard J., Judith D. Singer, and John B. Willett (1990) By Design, Planning Research on Higher Education. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 296p.15. Van de Ven (2000) “Professional Science for a Professional School: Action Science and Normal Science” Breaking the Code of Change, chapter 19, edited by Michael Beer and Nitin Nohria. Harvard Business School Press. Boston, 512p.16. van Someren, Maarten W., Yvonne F. Barnard, and Jacobijn A.C. Sandberg (1994) The Think Aloud Method: A Practical Guide to Modelling Cognitive Processes. Academic Press, London, 218p.17. Camacho, M., and Good, R. (1989) “Problem Solving and Chemical Equilibrium: Successful versus

Conference Session

Emerging EM Areas

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Peterson, Old Dominion University; Morgan Henrie, University of Alaska Anchorage; Shannon Bowling, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

on an equal footing in Page 11.1449.4 the content of the programs. 4. The management aspects of engineering need to be a portion of every engineering management course – “once we get the number, what does it mean and what do we do with it” should be central to every course. No course in engineering management can stop once the number is found. 5. Faculties in engineering management programs need to include a solid leavening of people who either (a) have an EM degree (and thus meet the expectations for admittance to typical EM graduate programs of practical engineering experience) or (b) have had

Conference Session

Computing Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akram Al-Rawi, Zayed University; Azzedine Lansari, Zayed University; Faouzi Bouslama, Zayed University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

). Page 11.787.4Protocols and Standards2.1 Identify a MAC (Media Access Control) address and its parts.2.2 Identify the seven layers of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model and their functions.2.3 Identify the OSI (OSI) layers at which the following network components operate:2.4 Differentiate between network protocols in terms of routing, addressing schemes, interoperability and naming conventions2.5 Identify the components and structure of IP (Internet Protocol) addresses (IPv4, IPv6) and the required setting for connections across the Internet.2.6 Identify classful IP (Internet Protocol) ranges and their subnet masks (example: Class A, B and C).2.7 Identify the purpose of subnetting2.8 Identify the differences between private

Conference Session

Ensuring Access to K - 12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benita Comeau, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Donna Llewellyn, Georgia Institute of Technology; Michael Pastirik

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

managed to meet the state mandated passingrates for the math and language arts portions. This data is quite encouraging.a) b) Page 11.1264.5 c) Failing rate rises Percent failingFigure 2: GHSGT Results in (a) English/Language Arts, (b) Mathematics, (c) Science; source: GADepartment of Education Report Cards 3 Upon closer examination of the GHSGT math scores, it is apparent that this school hasexhibited a gradual decrease in

Conference Session

Design Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hansen Lukman, Bucknell University; Steven Shooter, Bucknell University; Fabrice Alizon, Bucknell University; Asli Sahin, Virginia Tech; Robert Stone, University of Missouri-Rolla; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Timothy Simpson, Pennsylvania State University; Soundar Kumara, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2006-1623: AN INTER-UNIVERSITY COLLABORATIVE UNDERGRADUATERESEARCH/LEARNING EXPERIENCE FOR PRODUCT PLATFORMPLANNING: YEAR 2Hansen Lukman, Bucknell University Hansen Lukman is a senior Mechanical Engineering student at Bucknell University. He was involved with the REU program of summer 2005 and served as the Bucknell University Host for visiting REU students. He is currently doing research with Steven B. Shooter and Fabrice Alizon on Examination of a Potential Ontology Representation for Product Platform Planning.Steven Shooter, Bucknell University Steve Shooter is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Bucknell University where he teaches design and mechatronics. As a registered

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Hossein Mousavinezhad, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

week.) There are a few other excellent references for thetransmission lines first approach4, 5, 6. Reference 6 has suggested topics usingtransmission lines first approach and also uses MATLAB examples.It is true for students as well as for some ECE faculty that the subject of electromagneticsis possibly the toughest mathematically oriented subject in the undergraduate curriculumfor electrical engineering and some computer engineering majors. Basically there arefour (4) major equations, MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS, which govern the behavior oftime-varying (dynamic) electromagnetic fields and wave propagation. In most commonform these equations are stated as:ı · E = - • B/ • t ; ı · H = J + • D/ • t ; ı· D = t ; ı ·B=0where t is volume

Conference Session

Improving the Mathematical Preparation of Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna Carpenter, Louisiana Tech University; Ruth Ellen Hanna, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

(Assessment and LEarning inKnowledge Spaces)1 in an effort to provide a more effective mathematics tutoring program forour students. The goals were to 1) increase student retention and success in freshman andsophomore-level mathematics courses (such as calculus, which all engineering majors take), and2) increase the willingness of students to utilize the available tutorial services. Note that “studentsuccess” is defined as “making an “A”, “B” or “C” in the course” (since all engineering andscience majors are required to earn a grade of “C” or higher in all math courses which areprerequisites for other courses).ALEKS is a web-based system (versus software-based) that can be accessed from any computerwith web access and a java-enabled web browser. The

Conference Session

Current Topics in IE Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luis Rabelo, University of Central Florida; Ethling Hernandez, University of Central Florida; Lesia Crumpton-Young, University of Central Florida; Hamidreza Eskandari, University of Central Florida; Serge Sala-Diakanda, University of Central Florida; Sandra Furterer; Kent Williams, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

industryprofessionals, that is, members of Industrial Advisory Boards. The responses from round one andround two were combined together resulting in overall 108 completed surveys, 52 completedsurveys from education part across 39 States and 32 completed surveys from industry part across18 States. Figure 1 shows the faculty professional rank percentages of 52 academic respondents Page 11.532.5(a), and industry sector percentages of 32 respondents from industry (b). PhD Student Professor 13% Others

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Javad Hashemi, Texas Tech University; Sachin Kholamkar, Texas Tech University; Naveen Chandrashekar, Texas Tech University; Edward Anderson, Texas Tech University

semester of 2005. This classconsisted of 64 students. While this laboratory class consists of six experiments, analysis wasperformed only on 4 experiments as only four virtual labs (Measurement of Hardness, Coldrolling, Metallography and tensile testing) are available at this time. At the beginning ofsemester, the students were asked to fill out an evaluation sheet in which they indicated theircurrent GPA. They were also asked to complete the Index of Learning Styles Questionnairedeveloped by Soloman and Felder of North Carolina State University(http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html). This survey asks a series of questionsbased on which a student can be identified as a) Active or reflective learner b

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Joan Kwako, University of Wisconsin-Madison; John Wright, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Deanna Byrnes, Lawrence University; Thatcher Root, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Clif Conrad, University of Wisconsin-Madison

B Student Assessment of Learning Gains SurveysAppendix C Beginning and End-of-Semester SurveyAppendix D Assessment of Activities Page 11.1347.12 11 APPENDIX A: EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT PLAN CollegeClassroomTeam – Evaluation/Assessment PlanObjectivesof theCIRTLProfessional Development Formsof EvidenceProgram- takenfromStrategicPlan AuthenticAssessmentI. Developandapplyskillsof -developadiscipline

Conference Session

Professional Development Programs for Teachers

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Thompson, University of South Carolina; Jed Lyons, University of South Carolina; Amber Caicedo, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Influence Primary Influence Figure 1: Factors Affecting Participation as Reported by Teacher PartnersLong-Term Benefits. The second section contained a total of 15 items, broken into threesubcategories of 5 items each. The subcategories were (a) content and knowledge, (b) teachingstrategies, and (c) attitudes and resourcefulness. The responses within the subcategories wereadded to first identify the subset with the most identified lasting benefits. As shown in Figure 2,the subcategory teaching strategies had the most teachers responding that the program“significantly improved” their ability to incorporate engineering based activities into theirinstruction. However, content and knowledge has the largest combined response of “improved”and

Conference Session

International Exchange/Joint Programs in Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Masakatsu Matsuishi, Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Wayne Sanders, Rose Hulman Institute Of Technology; Kazuya Takamata, Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Tetsuro Furukawa, Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Loo Ching Nong, Singapore Polytechnic

Tagged Divisions

International

on the International Collaborative Project. Major suggestions from RHITstudents were as follows:(a) Information on Japanese bus transportation system was insufficient to tackle properly the project theme, Improving Japanese Bus Stop.(b) It was not easy for US students to judge if the developed design solutions could serve effectively as safe, comfortable and convenient bus stops.(c) It would be better if Japanese students joined US design teams.4. Students’ Achievements(1) Achievements of KIT StudentsAs a typical example of design activities at KIT, the achievements of one design teamare presented below.Students of the design team selected a project theme, “Designing a system wherepassengers don’t have to wait for a bus”. The project

Conference Session

Topics in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erich Schneider, University of Texas-Austin; Sheldon Landsberger, University of Texas-Austin; Steven Biegalski, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

. Introduction to Nuclear and Radiation Engineering Concepts (1 hr) b. Introduction to Nuclear Power Systems (3 hr) c. Radiation and Radiation Protection (3 hr) and one of the following d. Reactor Engineering (3 hr) e. Radiation and Radiation Protection Laboratory (3 hr) f. Radioactive Waste Management (3 hr) 3. Establishment of a Radiation Physics option with the Physics Department which included all the following courses. a. Introduction to Nuclear and Radiation Engineering Concepts (1 hr) Page 11.1318.2 b. Introduction to Nuclear Power Systems (3 hr) c

Conference Session

Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming; Dennis Coon, University of Wyoming; Paul Crips, Laramie Middle School; John Pierre, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Part B Program Description, December, 2004.7. Dwellis, A., “EE 212: Digital Design,” Colorado Technical University, Colorado Springs, CO8. Barrett, S., “EE 281: Digital Design,” The United States Air Force Academy, ColoradoSprings, CO9. Barrett, S., “EE/COSC 2390: Digital Design,” University of Wyoming. Page 11.1128.14Page 11.1128.15

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Teaching II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Malicky, University of San Diego; Ming Huang, University of San Diego; Susan Lord, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

engineering measurements laboratory,” Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Conference, 2005. http://www.asee.org/about/events/conferences/search.cfm3. Nasr, K J. and B. Ramadan, “Implementation of problem-based learning into engineering thermodynamics,” Page 11.1025.10 Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Conference, 2005. http://www.asee.org/about/events/conferences/search.cfm4. Prince, M., “Does Active Learning Work? A Review of the Research,” Journal of Engineering Education, July, 2004, pp. 223-231.5. Woods, D.R., Problem-based Learning: how to gain the most from PBL, D.R. Woods, 1994. http://chemeng.mcmaster.ca

Conference Session

Capstone Courses I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Sanders, Kettering University; Mark Thompson, Kettering University; Mohamed El-Sayed, Kettering University; Lucy King, Kettering University; Michael Lindquist, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

) an external tether connected to a standard 110 Vrms outlet or b) a rechargeable Lithium-polymer battery pack. When operating on battery power, the RoboBug shall operate continuously for a least 15 minutes. Printed circuit boards shall be used for the main electrical assemblies. A typical robot will have two board assemblies: 1) a main processor board and 2) an add-on/plug-in sensor board. All electrical connections, board-to-board, board-to-actuator, sensor-to-board, board-to-power supply, board-to-programmer, etc. shall be made with standard electrical connectors properly sized and rated for the application. The RoboBug chassis, mechanisms, and electronics must be robustly designed to withstand frequent use in a freshman laboratory

Conference Session

Climate Issues for Women Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Sheila Edwards Lange, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

studies originated at the UW under her guidance and were conducted atUW for a number of years before she and Susan Metz got the undergraduate climate surveyfunded through WEPAN for a national survey. The graduate climate survey was also the productof Dr. Brainard’s work; she began it because there was so little research on the topic.This research was funded in part, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. SBE-0123442. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.[1] R. M. Hall and B. R. Sandler, "The classroom climate: A chilly one for women?," Project on the status and education of women

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K. V. Sudhakar, Universidad de las Americas-Puebla; Tadeusz Majewski, Universidad de las Americas-Puebla; Luis Maus, Universidad de las Americas-Puebla

B-K) allows recording theacceleration, velocity or displacement, and the software SignalCalc ACE gives the spectrum offrequencies. During the experiment a natural frequency fo of the mass is obtained. The stiffnessof the spring can be calculated from (1) and it gives k = ( 2πf o ) 2 m . It can be compared with the Page 11.767.3result obtained from the formula for the helical spring. The third possibility to define thestiffness is to measure the displacement xst under the gravity mg so the stiffness is k=mg/xst. Ifthere is a difference between the results students have to explain possible reasons for it. Thevibration of the mass is recorded

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Pioneering Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Green, Mississippi State University; Jerry Emison, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

between facts and concepts. To earna B a student had to demonstrate a substantial grasp of the facts and clearly express theirunderstanding. If a student grasped many of the relevant facts and showed a generalunderstanding of the facts they were given a C. To earn a D a student would only grasp some ofthe facts and demonstrate a partial understanding of the concepts and relationships. If a studentonly grasped a few of the concepts and demonstrated little understanding of the facts, they weregiven a grade of F. There was a great deal of subjectivity in the grading and feedback wasprovided to help the students present stronger arguments. The political science students wereaccustomed this type of grading but the engineering students took a little

Conference Session

Electrical ET Projects and Applications

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Perry, Bloomsburg University; Michael Williams, Bloomsburg University; Scott Eckert, Bloomsburg University; Biswajit Ray, Bloomsburg University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

proximity sensor took Page 11.341.5more time than originally expected primarily due to mechanical aspects of the design. Overall,the project progressed well and the final system worked without a flaw.Parking spot scanner subVI (a) Parking space availability and entrance gate control logic (b) Exit gate control logic Figure 5 LabVIEW implementation of parking garage control logic functions. Page 11.341.6 Figure 6 Parking spot availability scanner subVI.Automated draw bridge control systemThe focus of this project was

Conference Session

Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Janet Callahan; Amy Moll, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

and identification of barriers assists in identifying major opportunities foreffective change in policies, procedures and perceptions. Engineering continues to work closelywith Arts & Sciences faculty to share best practices; and the university is using the college’ssuccess in female-friendly recruitment as a proven foundation to achieve faculty diversity acrosscampus.Bibliography[1] Dougherty, F. Carroll, and Cheryl B. Schrader. (2005) “Professional Development Panel for Women Faculty:Pathways and Checkpoints.” June 15, 2005 live panel discussion portion, session 3292; CD-Proceedings of the 2005American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition. Portland, OR.[2] Congressional Commission on the Advancement of

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ross Gordon, Rice University; Alex Gordon, Rice University; Philip Bedient, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1111: RICE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERS WITHOUT BORDERS: ANEXERCISE IN INTERNATIONAL SERVICE LEARNINGRoss Gordon, Rice University Ross Gordon has just completed his B.S. in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rice University and will be pursuing a graduate degree in Environmental Engineering at Rice University. His research interests include surface water hydrology, floodplain modeling, and early warning flood prediction systems. He is one of the leaders of the Rice University chapter of Engineers Without Borders and has worked on engineering projects in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Mexico.Alex Gordon, Rice University Alex Gordon has just completed his B.S. in Bioengineering at Rice

Conference Session

Tools and Support for Software Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University; Evan Zelkowitz, Purdue University; Mark C Johnson, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

0.1 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Number of Characters Number of Characters (a) (b) Characters per Comments

Conference Session

FPD4 -- Real-World Case Studies & Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roth Elliot, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago; Phillip Jacob, Northwestern University; Stacy Benjamin, Northwestern University; Bruce Ankenman, Northwestern University; James Colgate, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

attend. Also, for therapy sessions, it is typical that the client can accommodate no more than 4-8 students at a time due to physical space constraints. The instructor and client can then determine which time slots will work for the combined schedule constraints. For the user observation sessions, it is okay if the teams are mixed together. For example, two students from team A may join with one student from team B and one from team C to better accommodate their individual schedules.• User testing The user testing sessions are set up in a manner similar to the user observation sessions. The key difference is that now the teams can not be mixed together. At these sessions, the students are bringing their physical

Conference Session

Innovative Techniques in Graphics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Wronecki, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

and the tri-part modeling process begin.Phase I: NURBS NURBS: Non Uniform Rationale B-SplineNURBS CurvesThe NURBS phase begins by creating NURBS curvesthat match the profile curves of the concept car. Inimage 0, the profile curves are shown in bold in theTop, Front, and Side orthographic multi-views. By firstpositioning edit points and then manipulating controlvertices any three dimensional curve can be created.Derived from ship-building practices, NURBS curves, like curved “wood” splines, are formed byusing hulls or “ropes” tied to a curve at edit points (ep) or “knots” that pull with control vertices(cv) or “weights” that bend the curve. Knots or edit points are attached directly to the curve’s