. Basic Heat Exchanger Analysis FormulasIn undergraduate heat transfer courses students are introduced to two different methods used inthe analysis and design of heat exchangers. They are Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference(LMTD) method and Effectiveness-NTU methods. In a heat exchanger the flow heat capacityrate, in general, is defined as C = m& c p (1)where, m & denotes the mass flow rate and cp represents the specific heat of a given fluid stream.The rate of heat transfer from or to each fluid stream can be calculated from the followingrelation q = Ch (Th,i − Th,o ) = Cc (Tc,o − Tc,i ) (2)where, q is the rate of heat
undergraduate student, Reddy [6] presents the FEM formulation forthe heat conduction with convection in a bar of variable transversal section is a very motivateand interesting problem to solve, this kind of problem is modeled by (1) d ⎛ d T ⎞ ⎡ h p(x )⎤ − ⎜k ⎟+ (T − T∞ ) − Q(x ) = 0 a≤ x≤b (1) d x ⎜⎝ d x ⎟⎠ ⎢⎣ A( x ) ⎥⎦ Proceedings of the 2008 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference The University of New Mexico – Albuquerque Copyright © 2008, American Society for Engineering EducationWhere A( x ) and p (x ) are the section transversal area and the perimeter of the bar,respectively, at any point x ; Q( x ) is the
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Engineering Education QC ,3 l %VR = (4) 10 VL2− LAlso, an additional voltage rise phenomenon through every transformer from the generationsource to the capacitors occurs due to the application of capacitors, which is independent ofload and power factor of line, and can be expressed as: Q l %VRT = C ,3 xT (5) S T ,3 Where:% VRT = percent voltage rise through
0 N 5 H 4 RL + RL 3 0 O 5 L 7 RL + RL 4 0 P 6 H 10 RL + RL 4 0 Q 6 H 10 RL + RL 2 0 R 6 L 3 RL + RL 2 0Metallographic Analysis: Qualitative Assessment of Inclusions and Their FlowASTM standard E455 was followed for analysis of inclusion. Though there is a presence of inclusion inevery sample, the amount of inclusion found was within the acceptable range as per ASTM standardE45-05.Most of these inclusions were driven out by the flashes. Almost all inclusions were of globulartype with only two
TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 50, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 20075. E. Leung and Q. Li, "An Experimental Study of a Personalized Learning Environment Through Open-Source Software Tools", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 50, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 20076. I. Plaza, and C. Medrano, "Continuous Improvement in Electronic Engineering Education", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 50, NO. 3, AUGUST 20077. Hagler, M.O., Marcy, W.M., etc, “The making of the special issue on the application of information technologies to engineering and science education”, IEEE Transactions on Education, Volume 39, Issue 3, Aug. 1996, Page(s):450 – 4518. Z. Ye, Control System Lab Manuals (Vol. 1, Vol. 2), Southern University, November, 2005ZHENGMAO YEDr. Ye currently serves
(min). The valuesof the resistors are chosen such that the circuit is normally within saturation mode. Thefunction of the relays in this project is to operate as switches to control the operations ofthe different units depending on the conditions set by the operator. Figure 7 shows thetransistor circuit in saturation. There are four sets of relays in the project design. Thetransistor circuit connected to the set of the four relay circuits is shown in Figure 8. RC 1k ohm IC V1 Q 1 12 V R3 IB BJ T_ NPN_ VI RTUAL V2 4k ohm 5V R2
coursenot all letters will be used.Pa ______ a. (kg-m)/s2 b. 0.75 kWatm ______ c. 0.286 kJ/(kg-K) d. 32.2 lbm-ft/s2Rair _____ e. Btu f. 1 Btu/(lbm-ºR)lbf _____ g. 0.78 Btu/(lbm-ºR) h. 15 kJ/(kmol-K)CP air _____ i. 101 Pa j. 778 ft-lbfR _____ k. lbm-ft/s2 l 0.24 Btu/(lbm-ºR)N _____ m. 2 Btu/(lbm-mole-Rº) n. (g-m)/s2hp _____ o. 10.0 psia p. N/m2kJ _____ q. 5 kW r. 4.4 N1 ft3 _____ s. 7.5 gal