, studies using a variety of data sources (e.g.,administrative data, text and publication data, networkdata, patent records, etc.) have uncovered inequities inhow STEM is practiced, including: 11• Grant activities: who applies for and is awarded grants; grant size and duration; individual versus group grants• Authorship: publication rates, types of journals, co- authorship, author rank• Letters of recommendation: language used, length• Student evaluations: differential language used by students and professor ratings• Citations: who is cited, self-citations• Computer simulations: accumulation of disadvantage across a STEM career• Request for extensions: grant