not aware of any study that has controlled for practice-oriented experiential education at theundergraduate level by explicitly selecting URM student populations that participate in cooperative education-POEEand non-cooperative education-POEE.HypothesesThe study seeks to test whether practice-oriented self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy alone and in interactionwith a number of contextual and demographic variables, contribute to the retention of under-represented minoritiesin undergraduate engineering programs. Survey data will be collected to measure the effect of different programinterventions, including cooperative education, undergraduate research, peer reflection, and mentoring experiences,on self-efficacy and retention. Specifically