aloud protocol with another 12students, ages 8 and 9, participating in an engineering summer program for academically at-riskstudents at an urban school. Seven of the students were male and five were female; 9 were Blackand 3 were white.Sample and Procedure for Coding AssessmentsWe collected assessments from grades 3-5 students in 274 classes from 129 schools. In eachclass, teachers had just finished implementing one or more engineering units. Schools werelocated in three states on the east coast, one in New England, one in the Mid-Atlantic region, andone in the South. Half the students were male and half female. Further demographics can befound in Table 2. Students completed the EEPA individually. Table 2: Demographics of Participating