movement and stopping of two LEGO robot cars (local and express).The colored paper pieces help identify the locations where the robots stop temporarily.Throughout the two lessons, the following general assumptions are made: (i) the robots are well-designed and the programs are accurate; (ii) the students possess basic skills to operate the LEGOrobots, e.g., commanding the robots by pressing buttons; (iii) the students are able to use theactivity sheets and the selected activities truly reflect the lesson topics; (iv) the students areinterested to perform hands-on activities in teams; (v) the lesson topics and the activities align withthe CCSSM and the NGSS; etc.Statistics of the teachers and students who participated in the robotics-focused