Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Emily Parry; Joanna Wright, University of Washington; Lauren Summers, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

evaluate theseresults in the context of a larger and a more longitudinal study. Nevertheless, the resultspresented here offer strong support for including more engineering challenges that embracesocial responsibility in the undergraduate engineering curriculum.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for theirsupport of this work under the TUES program (grant number DUE-1245464). Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] National Academy of Engineering, “Grand Challenges - 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering,” 03-Feb-2019. [Online

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Southern University and A&M College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

students toencounter the core concepts and principles, while managing a specific project, thereby enablingthe acquired knowledge application. PBL goes beyond the relationships between knowledge andthinking, helping students to both know and do. In fact, it is focuses on doing something andlearning on the way [8, 12-27]. PBL main features from the student learning point of view are:1. In PBL, a student-centered approach, the focus is on the student competencies to design and toreach the solution, around their concerns and skills, the end product being a reflection of them.  2. In PBL the students solve problems, through self-management, project management, andcritical knowledge are enhanced, as they manage the work, offering frequent feedback, self

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric J. Schares, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

DocumentDelivery service which digitizes print material at a patron’s request. Future work could also focuson the other half of ILL, lending. Are the university’s local subject specialties reflected in thematerials requested by others? Do certain titles appear more frequently than others? What is thedistribution of locations lent to, and how many international requests are there? It would beilluminating to do a systematic analysis of Iowa State’s materials which go out the door to otheruniversities, public libraries, and interested parties.6 ConclusionThis study of ILL activity over a five year period shows that Interlibrary Loan services providepatrons with a much broader range of resources than any one library can provide alone, while alsocreating a

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carrie A. Obenland, Rice Office of STEM Engagement; Carolyn Nichol, Rice University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

andcommitment from teachers. Secondly, researchers commented on the time involved in theprogram with two suggesting the program should involve multiple school visits and one sayingthe program was too “time-intensive” already. Another student suggested have funding fordemonstration or activity supplies. The feedback from researcher participants was very positiveand reflected a high level of commitment and interest in continuing the program.Teacher Feedback All ten of the participating teachers responded, “Yes, definitely!” to the question, “Wouldyou be interested in participating in Grad Student STEM Share again?” The teachers alsounanimously selected “Excellent” to describe the following components of the program.  Overall value of Grad Student

Conference Session

Curriculum and Assessment II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiannong Meng, Bucknell University; Jianming Deng, Jinling Institute of Technology and Southeast University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

eight schools, while they would be electives in most U.S. schools.Such is also the case for the compiler course. This reflects an emphasis on the engineering orapplication nature of the curriculum.6. Math, sciences, and engineering course requirementsWe follow a similar pattern to examine the math, sciences, and engineering course requirementfor the computer science programs in these eight schools. We first look at the math requirement.Table 4 lists math hours, as well as course count, credits, and total math hours required of theeight computer science programs. Table 4: Math requirement (semester hours) Tsinghua SJTU SEU PKU BUPT HIT USTC BUAA Calculus I

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behzad Beigpourian, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 96–124, 2014.[19] R. R. Bailey, A. K. Swan, A. Coso, M. F. Creager, and H. T. Rowan-Kenyon, “The role of gender in student perceptions of leadership on interdisciplinary engineering teams,” J. Women Minor. Sci. Eng., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 97–113, 2012.[20] E. A. Flynn, G. Savage, M. Penti, C. Brown, and S. Watke, “Gender and Modes of Collaboration in a Chemical Engineering Design Course,” J. Bus. Tech. Commun., 1991.[21] S. B. Berenson, K. M. Slaten, L. Williams, and C.-W. Ho, “Voices of women in a software engineering course: Reflections on collaboration,” J. Educ. Resour. Comput., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 3–es, 2005.[22] K. Beddoes and G. Panther, “Gender and teamwork: An analysis of professors

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lessa Grunenfelder, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Materials

planar density calculationDetermine the expected diffraction angle for the Check for understanding: Demonstratefirst order reflection of the (111) set of planes in understanding of diffraction calculations andcopper, and locate the corresponding peak in the ability to perform relevant calculationsdiffraction patternLab 4: Molecular weight of polymersStudents completed this lab as their first introduction to the ideas of number and weight averagemolecular weight, there was no preparatory lecture or video. Following the lab, the concepts wereapplied to real polymeric materials and expanded upon in lecture.Supplies • Bags of 100 paper clips • Scales • Worksheet describing number and weight average molecular weight

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emad W. Jassim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

and major Design Stem development of required courses as seen in Figure 6.Freshmen starting in Fall 2011 were the first to see the Computer Aided Design, MechanicalDesign I, and Mechanical Design II (ME 170, ME 370 and ME 371, respectively) improvements.The freshmen starting in Fall 2014 were the first class to see an integrated hands-on designsequence in all four years since Design for Manufacturability (ME 270) was first introduced tosophomores in Fall 2015. It should be noted that the four-year retention does not includestudents who transferred to other majors, and students who took longer than four years tograduate. While many factors influence student retention, the increase in retention is nonethelesspositive and reflects one of the

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 10

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anurag Purwar, Stony Brook University; Catherine A. Scott, Stony Brook University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

physicallydemanding for both the students and him – he was lecturing for almost five hours twice a weekand the students were expected to pay attention for an inordinate amount of time, but given verylittle time to absorb the material and practice problem solving. While there were clear learningobstacles to overcome in the class, it was even more challenging for part-time students who wereeither working to support themselves financially or doing an internship. Consider the followingtwo anonymous comments from students of the Summer 2015 class, which are reflective of someof the difficulties faced by the students: 1. Less homework. It’s impossible to finish if you work and have other priorities in life. 2. The difficulty of the class. The home works were

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian J. Novoselich, U.S. Military Academy; Jakob C. Bruhl, U.S. Military Academy; Matthew Scheidt, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Christina Nicole Willis, University of Utah; Michael Scott Sheppard Jr., Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

(SVE)experiences. The attendees self-organized into two tables. They were asked to “identify anddiscuss common challenges veteran and military students face” to address the followingquestions: • How can ASEE build early awareness of engineering technology, engineering technologist, and engineering pathways? • How can ASEE ensure academic recognition for prior military work experience? • How can ASEE provide seamless support from government agencies, academic institutions, and industry?Each participant silently reflected and wrote their ideas as they related to the prompts on stickynotes. At the end of the session, the session leaders reorganized the notes into initiativecategories, as applicable. As

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 5: Assessment

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Ryan Duckett, Acumen Research and Evaluation, LLC; Matthew W. Liberatore, University of Toledo; Uchenna Asogwa, University of Toledo; Gale A. Mentzer, Acumen Research and Evaluation; Amanda Portis Malefyt, Trine University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

]need to implement a rigorous system of evaluation of their pedagogical assessments through theuse of a measurement model that makes such demands on the data. To that end, theimplementation of Rasch measurement models will provide robust validation for the measures ofstudent learning outcomes, which in turn can improve course curricula by accurately targetingdomains and transferable skillsets critical to the development of this generation’s chemicalengineers.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.DUE 1712186. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gustavo B. Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Emily L. Allen, California State University, Los Angeles; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Eva Schiorring, StemEval; Paul S. Nerenberg, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

in this material are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Thework was initiated through a STEM Collaborative grant awarded by the Leona M. and Harry B.Helmsley Charitable Trust. Development of the freshman engineering course was also supportedby the Boeing Company and by a STEM grant from the Office of Naval Research (ContractNumber N00014-15-1-2434). The authors are also grateful for support from the Provost’s Officefor the FYrE program, and to Professor Monika Kress of the Department of Physics andAstronomy at San José State University, who provided insight on her pre-physics coursedevelopment. Finally, the contributions of the entire FYrE faculty and staff team, notably DebbieWon

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Demetri Blackwood, Kettering University ; Diane L. Peters, Kettering University; Elizabeth Gross, Kettering University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

”. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 2010, p. 23.[17] S. Porter & P. Umbach, “College major choice: An analysis of person–environment fit”. Research in higher education, 47(4), 2006, pp. 429-449.[18] J. Holland, Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Psychological Assessment Resources, 1997.[19] K. Rask & J. Tiefenthaler, “The role of grade sensitivity in explaining the gender imbalance in undergraduate economics”. Economics of Education Review, 27(6), 2008, pp. 676-687.[20] M. Anderson & J. Swazey, “Reflections on the graduate student experience: An overview”. New directions for higher education, 1998(101), 3-13.[21] G. Malaney, “Why

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Q. Li, University of New Haven; Ronald S. Harichandran, University of New Haven; Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven; Maria-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven; Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

potential stakeholders for a new product or service3 Business value creation is the company owner’s concern4 Business risk assessment is the business manager’s responsibility5 I like to learn about entrepreneurship Every time I fail a task, I reflect on why I failed so that I can learn how to do better6 in the future7 I understand why a monopolistic market is usually not favorable to consumers8 I consider how multiple changes affect each other9 I am confident in leading a team to work on a project10 I have had exposure to entrepreneurship concepts before entering college I have the ability to anticipate technical developments by interpreting surrounding11 social trends12 When I see a piece of machinery, I always

Conference Session

DISTINGUISHED LECTURE: 2018 Best PIC and Zone Paper Presentations

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Andre Hamilton, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Board of Directors

design of the VR teachingmodule to be more immersive and visualized. The current VR module is a semi self-paced tutorial.Concurrent research (Phase III) is being conducted to investigate how well students understand thequeuing theory concept using this updated VR teaching module versus traditional classroomlecture. Data is currently being collected using a different set of students with the same conceptualquiz but taught the topic in a traditional classroom manner (control group). Afterwards, we plan toprovide a comparative analysis of both approaches, control group versus experimental group anddisseminate the results.. The sections discussed below only reflects how well the students performusing the VR training module (experimental group

Conference Session

Engineering Design for Elementary Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John C. Oliva, Corteva Agriscience; Diane Spence

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

asked simply do you know any engineers and if so who. More thanhalf (56%) reported not knowing any engineers. These results are interesting, because the stateof Michigan as a whole has one of the largest per-capita populations of engineers in the country.Yet, the greater Lansing metropolitan area is a bit of an exception to that trend, with very fewtechnology based employers. That is reflected in this data, with only 14 students reporting thattheir parents are engineers. The majority of those responding that they knew an engineer tendedto cite a more distant relationship both in terms of bloodline and geography.Many of the survey questions focused on student perceptions of what do engineers do, and whatdoes it take to become an engineer. These

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Buckley, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Lena B. Gumaelius, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Tomás Hyland, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, Athlone Institute of Technology; Arnold Neville Pears, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

for the academic year 2017/18, withapproximately 125,000 students in Year 1. Considering the impending increase, taking 125, 000as the population size, a sample size of 383 is needed to achieve a 95% confidence level with a5% confidence interval. Data collection in the project reported on in this paper is currently stillongoing with the aim of collecting data from 400 Irish 3rd Year students and 400 Swedish Year 9students. The results reported in this paper reflect the current stage of data collection (ntotal = 513)and come from five random Irish schools and five random Swedish schools. Participants fromIreland (nIreland = 302) had a mean age of 14.63 (SD = 0.54) and comprised of 136 males, 149females, 9 participants who identified as other

Conference Session

Technical Session 2: Embedded Systems

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J.w. Bruce, Tennessee Technological University; Ryan A. Taylor, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

manager’s blog [20]reported US$3.98 per LoC for a traditional programming design team that he personally servedas the design architect and manager. Several other studies [19] report software development costsranging from $5-100 per LoC. Lines of Code written per student 2500 2000 1500 LoC 1000 500 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 YearFigure 2: Average student output for a semester-long effort for 2007-2019Changes in the course’s design requirements are reflected in Figure 2. For example, the designrequirements changed only

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Integrating Computing into the First Year

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adetoun Yeaman, Virginia Tech; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Tech; Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

’ pre- and post SBST and PRVT:R test scores to further understandhow students’ strategies may be related to improvement in score performance and developmentin spatial skills over the course of the semester. The latter can help make informed decisionsabout which of these strategies to reinforce in future iterations of the course.ReferencesAdams, R., Punnakanta, P., Atman, C. J., & Lewis, C. D. (2002). Comparing Design Team Self- Reports with Actual Performance: Cross-Validating Assessment Instruments. American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.Adams, R. S., Turns, J., & Atman, C. J. (2003). Educating effective engineering designers: The role of reflective practice. Design Studies, 24(3), 275–294

Conference Session

Sustainability in Civil Engineering Education: Service Learning, Capstone Integration, Student Affect and Rating Systems

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie R. Brunell P.E., Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering Capstone Design which exposesthe senior engineering students to real-world design challenges reflects experiences students willface as professionals, benefiting those who plan to pursue engineering careers after graduation.Exposing students to both the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Envision RatingSystem aligns with both the ASCE BOK and ABET criteria requiring engineers to understandthe importance of sustainability within their designs. The Capstone Design projects examinedwithin this study are all infrastructure projects which did not address all of the UN SustainableDevelopment Goals, but they did address eight out of the seventeen. With the addition of theEnvision Rating System students learned to think beyond

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maggie Swartz, Colorado School of Mines; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Jacquelene D. Walter, Colorado School of Mines; Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karl D. Schubert FIET, University of Arkansas; Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Alan E. Ellstrand, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

transferrable skills in contrast to the content andknowledge-based approach taken in most classes where the emphasis is on facts, memorization,and rote problem-solving that reward correct (and singular) answers. The need for 21st centuryskills has evolved to focus on “learning progressions (that) reflect typical trajectories of specifiedlearning domains that describe how skills or concepts might be demonstrated, both in their earlyforms and in increasingly advanced forms.” [16, p. 19] Important in this approach is acombination of “scaffolding” – providing a means to deal with knowledge or skills not yetavailable to the students – and guided learning transition from “unknown” to “known” or“inexperience” to “experienced.” What is then rewarded is the

Conference Session

Engineering Design Process Activities with Secondary Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin C. Wong, The Cooper Union; George J. Delagrammatikas, The Cooper Union; Elizabeth M. Waters, The Cooper Union

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

balanced to prevent overrepresentation ofstudents from a single high school or program to reflect the demographics of New York City.Students typically had a grade point average of 87-93 out of 100. Scholarships were providedbased on family income after the student was accepted.Survey LogisticsAn entry (presurvey) and exit (postsurvey) questionnaire pair for 2018 was designed to evaluatestudent development through the use of Likert scale, checkbox, and open-ended questions,approved by the Cooper Union Institutional Review Board. The questions and selectableresponses to the presurvey are recorded in Appendix B, while those to the postsurvey arerecorded in Appendix C. Participants were students in the summer STEM program, with studentand parent

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Efrain O'Neill-Carrillo P.E., University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez ; James D. McCalley, Iowa State University; Anne Kimber, Iowa State University; Robert Haug, Public Power Services

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development using Robotics Activities

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hye Sun You, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Sonia Mary Chacko, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Vikram Kapila, NYU Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session - Ethics Across Contexts

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rockwell Franklin Clancy III, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong Joint Institute; Horst Hohberger, University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

,unvalidated version of the MFQ, such that the results do not support their claims.[69] Althoughthe authors of this paper find those responses convincing, as Owen Flanagan has recently andrightly noted, not all characteristics of MFT proposed by its creators/advocates logically entaileach other, such that trouble for one or some does not necessarily entail trouble for all.[70]The chief interest in MFT for the present study is as a pluralist, social intuitionist theory of morality– in other words, that, first, morality is about many things rather than only one; second, the contentsof moral judgments are socially oriented and culturally variable; third, moral judgments are closerto/result from feelings than rational reflection. As mentioned above, this

Conference Session

ET Curriculum & Programs

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey L. Newcomer, Western Washington University; Nikki Larson, Western Washington University; Todd D. Morton, Western Washington University; Derek M. Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

such as CATIA. Most classes in all three majors, especiallyupper division classes, included laboratories, so students gained familiarity with much of theequipment through exposure in multiple classes.The model for the three engineering technology programs was effective. Over most of the yearsof the programs’ existence until the late 2000s they each graduated 10-20 students per year. In thelate 2000s interest in the degrees began to increase, starting with the PET program and then fol-lowing with the MET program and to a lesser degree the EET program. In the period from 2009to 2015, the average graduating class sizes were approximately 17 for EET, 25 for MET, and 31for PET. That EET was the smallest program was a reflection of the additional

Conference Session

Innovations in Curriculum, Projects, and Pedagogy in Aerospace Engineering Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael C. Hatfield, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; Denise Thorsen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

-Related Opportunities.The increase of aerospace-related courses and opportunities at UAF and resulting interest bycurrent and prospective students has (not surprisingly) also been reflected in increasedparticipation in the AIAA student chapter, the aerospace minor, and other aerospace-relatedcourses. These, in turn, generate a higher target population and more awareness of and interest inall of the above. For a small school such as UAF, this impact has been significant.Career options. Beyond the university realm, students participating in aerospace courses andactivities have had good success in transitioning directly into an aerospace job, whether in spacesystems or in aeronautics. UAF has a strong record of supplying its graduates to NASA, the

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beata Johnson, Purdue University; Joyce B. Main, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Jennifer J. VanAntwerp, Calvin College; Joanna Wright, University of Washington; Lauren Summers, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe National Science Foundation. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Rebecca Bates, Dr. TamaraFloyd-Smith, Dr. Melani Plett, and Dr. Nanette Veilleux for their help in recruiting interviewparticipants for this project.References[1] S. Fayer, A. Lacey, and A. Watson, “Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations: past, present, and future : Spotlight on Statistics: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,” U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Jan. 2017.[2] D. J. Nelson and C. J. Brammer, “A national analysis of minorities in science and engineering faculties at research universities,” Oklahoma University, Norman, Oklahoma, Jan