format of every module consists of teacher resources and thestudent module. The teacher resources are one page summaries describing what STEM topic andprofession is used in this module, a summary of math concepts that the module covers, aninteractive example that the teachers use to guide students, and the required and optionalresources needed for the module [20]. The student module is the engineering-based mathchallenge to work through, that covers a specific topic from their math curriculum, and a free-response reflection for students to express what they learned about engineering and about STEMthrough the module [20]. Modules highlight different areas of engineering, including but notlimited to civil, aerospace, and biomedical engineering
“simulation” as part of the modeling process after completingthis activity indicates the importance of varying student experiences with modeling. Studentscomplete many activities where they model equations visually, and this was reflected in theirpre-survey results. After experiencing the simulation, many students indicated this as an explicitpart of the modeling process, even though it is not necessarily required. Exposure to a widervariety of modeling tasks that include simulation may broaden student definitions.Future Work One purpose of this simulation was for students to engage in the mathematical modelingprocess by using the simulation to test the velocity equations that they derived. However, somegroups looked at the structure of the pre
included teachers explaining how to usestudents’ computational models to test their designs or guiding students to reflect on their priorknowledge to consider how certain materials may or may not be accessible to students withphysical disabilities.Table 4. Epistemic, practical, or not practice-based teacher talk by class. Epistemic Practical Not Practice-Based Lesson Orange Blue Orange Blue Orange Blue All Lessons 7% 17%+ 66% 67% 27%+ 16% Design 6% 15%+ 66% 75%+ 28%+ 10% Test 0% 11%+ 82% 79% 18%+ 11% Communicate 12
undergraduate mentors to reflect on theirassumptions. They re-conceptualized learning as a collaborative action as opposed to thetransmission of knowledge from a teacher to students [23] and overcame their frustrations andstruggles with the program. Accordingly, they began to play the role of a collaborator and partnerwith children and developed productive and meaningful learning experiences for themselves andthe children.In our work, for several years, we have been implementing workshops for teachers and theirstudents, to allow them to jointly learn the fundamental concepts, engineering design, andengineering practices through hands-on learning with robotics. Using the characteristics ofinformal learning [16], we identify our workshops as a semi
: “Compared to other PD I participated (not a part of the SfT PD series),the amount I learned in this PD was:” 66.4% answer Much more, 23,7% Somewhat more and8.6% About the same. This affirmative answer is also reflected in the responses of the open-ended questions.When asked the question: “Overall, the course was:” 71.1% answer Excellent and 25.7%answerVery good.4.2.1.3 – Open-ended questionsAfter reviewing the response of the open-ended questions, it is possible to see some patterns.These common constructs are presented below:To the question: "What elements of the PD most contributed to your learning?", the vastmajority expressed that the use of hands-on activities to develop the concepts. Also, to constructthe artifacts involved in each module was
discussions than thosewomen in groups with more men or an equal number of men and women [23]. In contrast tomonological approaches often taken by men, women’s communication tends to be more interactive[24], with girls asking more probing questions than boys [25].Building on these considerations, the primary objective of this study was to examine how genderaffects students’ decision-making process in an engineering-based SSI context related torenewable energy. Duschl suggested that we need to move beyond structured dialogue toward aframework that reflects how evidence is constructed and supported by reasoning [10]. Tounderstand how a student's context (gender) shapes their reasoning and decision-making, students’argumentative practices were
sign test wasperformed. However, before this test was conducted, the 92 participant observations were refinedto those that had a non-zero delta between their pre- and post-survey responses. While a zerodelta reflects no change for that participant on that item, a non-zero delta indicates a change inthe participant’s response from pre- to post-survey. A sign test was then performed using thenon-zero delta observations to identify any statistically significant differences for each surveyquestion. The test results revealed that there was a statistically significant change in participants’consideration of a manufacturing career, belief of job availability, view of the education levelneeded for these jobs, and perception of cleanliness. The