Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jia-Ling Lin, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Manuela Romero, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jennifer Binzley, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eman A. Zaki, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

often struggle to overcome the widely-held perception that high achievers are definedby good course grades alone. For many instructors test grades are such a handy tool that they areinclined to use it whenever possible. When we first looked at how students’ readiness affectstheir course performance, we applied a hypothetical universal model, shown in Figure 5, toexplain our data. This model is based on typical practices in traditional physics courses forcontent delivery and assessment. In this figure, three typical groups of knowledge are used.Traditional physics courses recognize these three classes of knowledge i.e., factual, conceptual,and procedural as fundamental knowledge. Both teaching and learning are assumed to start frombasic factual

Conference Session

Programmatic Issues in Physics or Engineering Physics Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Winston Jackson, California Institute of Technology; Jennifer Franck, California Institute of Technology; James Maloney, California Institute of Technology; Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, California Institute of Technology; Julian Rimoli, California Institute of Technology; Luz Rivas, California Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

AC 2008-2378: PHYSICS FUNDAMENTALS, ENGINEERING DESIGN, ANDRESEARCH: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHREE-WEEK SHORTCOURSEWinston Jackson, California Institute of Technology Winston Jackson received his BS in Civil Engineering from Southern University and A&M College and his MS degree in Applied Mechanics at the California Institute of Technology, where he is currently continuing his PhD work. His research is in the area of experimental solid mechanics, and he has been a teaching assistant for a course in solid mechanics as well as the Physics Curriculum Coordinator for the 2007 YESS Program.Jennifer Franck, California Institute of Technology Jennifer Franck is currently a

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa L. Larkin, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

everything from the Big Bang to our present-dayunderstanding of the cosmos, teaching these topics without much mathematics presents manyunique challenges. A brief overview of the curriculum developed for the Changing Viewscourse will be provided. Particular attention will be placed on some of the unique ways awriting-based approach has been implemented with the ultimate goal of enhancing of studentlearning. Emphasis here will be placed on a short paper activity designed to elicit studentunderstanding of key topics addressed in class. In addition, strategies such as rubricdevelopment and time-saving grading techniques related to the use of these writing-basedapproaches will be shared.IntroductionWhile it is not unusual for physics departments to

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Inci Ruzybayev, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

, Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism (E&M), areamong the fundamental courses that students build their engineering career on. During thesecourses it is important to reinforce students’ critical thinking skills. Most students tend to acceptthe information given as it is, without questioning it. Although students are exposed to moreactivities and assignments in the upper level classes where they are required to show their criticaland analytical skills, the stronger the foundation the more prepared they are for the futurechallenges. For this reason, in the E&M course students were asked to submit their handwrittenhomework in a structured layout where they had to: First, state what is given and what has beenasked of them to find with a

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jian Peng, Southeast Missouri State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

aprice. These software development tools hide many of the fundamental computer engineeringissues, so that the programmer can focus on his/her application. If your mission is to create andmarket products, then one can successfully argue that these software tools are effective. On theother hand, since our goal is to educate student to potentially work on future embedded systems,we must expose our students to the underlying hardware, let them program in low-level languagesuch as assembly or C, and force them to face real engineering tradeoffs. Such an approach isalso possible and desirable because our students have had exposures to digital logic and softwareprogramming

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yumin Zhang, Southeast Missouri State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

states. Following this formula, eachmagnetic dipole or each capacitor can only record 1 bit of information, while each base pair inDNA can record 2 bits of information.Towards the end of the semester, students were required to write a term paper on the applicationof entropy in different areas. The students investigated many interesting topics, such as steamengines, chemical processes, biological systems, neural networks in brain, the birth and death ofstars, black holes, global warming, economics and social organizations, etc. Through this termpaper students expanded their perspective and realized that entropy is a very general conceptwhich may be applied to many seemingly unrelated areas.IV. AssessmentTwo years ago the author taught this course

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Haridas Kumarakuru, Northeastern University; Don Heiman, Northeastern University; Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

degree education. The frequentcommunication between students and instructors in the lab allows them to gain valuable experiencewith making pointed assessments and solving problems including troubleshooting. In addition,experience with a variety of apparatus was found to be useful. The written reports were not onlygraded, but were also edited in order to give them feedback before writing the following labreports. The sequential editing and feedback on lab reports were essential for improving thestudents’ written communications. At the end of course the survey gave us valuable feedback aboutthe students’ perception of the course, which we then used to modify experiments and procedures.Although it is difficult to quantify how the lab experiments

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa L. Larkin, American University; Jessica Uscinski, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Physics 100 is:  Strong  Moderate  Minimal  Not ApplicableGE-1 Critical reflections on the nature and history of beauty and MinimalAesthetic sensibilities artGE-2 Interchanging ideas and information through writing, ModerateCommunication skills speech, and visual and digital mediaGE-3 Systematic

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary P. Hillebrand, University of Detroit Mercy; Meghann Norah Murray, University of Detroit Mercy; Jenna Ross; Robert A. Ross, University of Detroit Mercy; Cherron Tarter, Ford Motor Company

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

modified thecurriculum to incorporate additional activities.1 This paper will describe a physics laboratoryexperiment to simulate the operation of the touchscreen on a smartphone.A detailed description of the activity will be provided. The simulator is fabricated usingcommon office and laboratory supplies and is inexpensive enough that students can keep themodel. We describe how the simulator is used in two different courses. One course is designedfor high school students attending a university enrichment program, the other is a second-semester undergraduate general physics laboratory course.In addition we present the results of an open-ended assessment of student learning. Students areengaged to write to a specific prompt and we assess the

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. McKnight, Northeastern University; Christos Zahopoulos, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

an engineering leader to quickly frame the gravity of theproblem, but will undoubtedly earn her a reputation as someone with whom you want to havedone your homework carefully before making rash statements about engineering limits!Among the topics that the typical quick pass through scientific fundamentals causes to beneglected or skipped in most engineering educations is the entire field of quantum science.Despite the critical and growing importance of nanoscale quantum science on nearly everyelectronic device we use or carry on us, we suspect that most engineering professors would besurprised by how few engineering students or professional engineers can give even arudimentary description of the source of semiconductor band gaps, the

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jiliang Li P.E., Purdue University Northwest, Westville Campus, INDIANA, USA; Jinyuan Zhai, University of Akron

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

figure out the weight of water, Ww, in the three phase diagram. At thispoint, we need to recall that definition of water content is defined as weight of water divided byweight of solid, w = Ww/Ws. And hence Ww = w Ws. With Ws just estimated as Ws = 1Gs γw,we have Ww = w 1Gs γw = w Gs γw. Many and almost all modern and classical textbooks writeWw = w Gs γw instead of Ww = w 1 Gs γw. The equation Ww = w Gs γw may look neat andterse, however it may not help students to see the fundamental truth of how Ww = w Gs γw isderived where there should be a volume of Vs = 1 assumed. In this sense, the authorsrecommend some classical and modern soil mechanics textbooks may adopt the above signconventions. Sometimes how we write the same equations does matter

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; Adam Ginton, NA

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

teacher verbatim, the underlying logic and physical significance of what they are repeating may still be lost to them. Thus, educators must evaluate their teaching methods as well as the content to be covered in such a way that best serves their students. However, as circumstances differ from class to class and student to student, educators should also be aware that no one approaches to learning fits all. Teaching should also be adapted to meet different styles of learning. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to present a visual and intuitive approach to teaching wave physics. Examples and analogies taken from everyday life are used to explain fundamental concepts, with the language that is used meant

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Alexandru Belu, Case Western Research University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

computing play a central role in much of modernscientific research. Almost all analytical theories require the help of a computer tocomplete the calculations. On the experimental side, computers are essential for thecontrol of experiments and the collection and analysis of data. However, computationalphysics also includes a fundamentally different way of doing physics that goes beyondusing the computer as a specific tool. We have in mind the part of computational physics,called computer simulations1, 8-11, in contrast to many of the tasks listed above which weclassify as numerical analysis. Using a computer to model physical systems is at its bestmore art than science. The successful computation al physicist exploits the numericalpower of the

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie Lopez del Puerto, University of Saint Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

brief, illustrative experiments. It is not our goal in this course todevelop strong experimental skills, as this is addressed elsewhere in the curriculum, but we willuse experiments to engage students with the material as they test the validity of thecomputational models they develop. Students will write a laboratory summary where theyanalyze their experimental data and discuss the connection between the theory, thecomputational model, and the experiment.(3) Exams: Given both the qualitative and the quantitative nature of the material in theApplications of Modern Physics course, we have found that the 65-minute lecture period is notenough time to adequately test students’ knowledge. Furthermore, for students with test anxiety,the limited time

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Upper-Level Physics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Mowry, University of St. Thomas-St. Paul

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

individual student, or small groups, can puzzle through the material at theirown pace during the now-available lecture time allotted for the module once the instructor hascovered the support material. The laboratory activity substitutes for traditional homework andthe problem solving is directed toward achieving the laboratory objectives. The summary reporthelps the students develop scientific writing skills and focuses learning.The first module covered in both statics and dynamics is vector calculus. A bit of backgroundphilosophy may augment the perspective on why this topic is covered at all. At UST E&M is asenior-level class. The mathematics prerequisites for the E&M sequence include the Calculusthrough multivariable and vector analysis

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold T. Evensen, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

. The course begins with a laborientation and an exercise that introduces students to temperature measurement using an analogtemperature sensor,1 a serial DAQ2 and programming with Visual Basic 6 (VB6): studentsconstruct a sensor, calibrate it, and write a VB6 program that uses the DAQ to read the sensor’soutput and displays the measured temperature. Page 24.125.2After the class completes this introductory procedure, the course is run as a round-robinlaboratory, where student teams spend three two-hour class periods at a sensor station and thenrotate to another experiment. At these stations, students explore different sensors (strain gages

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

the magnetic domain are the fundamental and practicalconcepts of this course, and fit well with the goal of this study. There are several interestingphysics concepts involved in this project such as voltage, resistor, current, circuit, magnetic field,magnetic flux, and magnetic force on current carrying wire, torque and more. The project alsohelps students to learn about the physical process and the theory behind building the motor. Forexample, logic such as the force produced by the magnetic field on a current carrying wire is thefundamental behind rotation. This report will present detailed information about designrequirement; materials provided, constraints, outcome and student feedback via assessment. Atthe end of the semester, a survey

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Alexandru Belu, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

areas for theapplications of symbolic computation. A good example is the use of the algebra systems in quantumfield theory to check the accuracy of the answer with experimental results. Electromagnetic field theory Page 14.1147.4is one of the areas of physics and engine engineering where symbolic computation is applied on anextended scale due to their capabilities in solving differential equations and visualization and graphiccapabilities.Some of the advantages of using a CAS packages are: a) students can write down mathematics in aprogramming-like way, using symbolic notations; b) less time spent with calculations leaves more timefor

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudipa Mitra-Kirtley, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Rana Mitra, Southeastern Louisiana University; Maarij M Syed, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

area of magneto-optics and semiconductor optics. Page 22.1658.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Utilizing pen-based wireless devices in science and engineering classroomsOne of the major challenges facing science and engineering classrooms today is the students’ dwindlinginterest in the basic sciences. The joy of learning fundamental scientific principles is eclipsed by theexcitement of modern technology and the ultimate quest for a rewarding employment. As a result, thenumber of basic science majors, for example in physics, has decreased significantly over the pastdecade1. Today

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank V. Kowalski, Colorado School of Mines; Susan E. Kowalski, Colorado School of Mines; Patrick B. Kohl, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines; Hsia-Po Vincent Kuo, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Technology-Enabled Nurturing of Creativity and Innovation: A Specific Illustration from an Undergraduate Engineering Physics CourseAbstractThere is general agreement that creativity and innovation are desirable traits in the toolbox of21st century engineers, as well as in the future workforce in general. However, there is a dearthof exemplars, pedagogical models, or best practices to be implemented in undergraduateengineering education to develop and nurture those talents.In this paper, we use a specific example of a classroom activity from a course designed to helpbridge the transition from learning the fundamental principles of engineering physics inintroductory courses to being able to creatively and

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hank D. Voss, Taylor University; Scott Henry Moats, Crown College; Bill Chapman, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

number of generaleducation classes and a few science classes may fit into this category based on the student’smaturity and ability. After 2 years of core fundamentals, students have the option to transfereasily into specific majors at other SCU schools using a mesh network articulation protocol10. Page 26.638.4Recent data (2013 EPIpaper11) indicate thatthere is a significantdownward trend in thenumber of EngineeringBS Degrees (see Figure1). In the EPI paper,Sulzman, Kuehn andLowell find evidence Sciencethat only one of every

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Kirkpatrick, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Richard W. Liptak, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renat Letfullin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

properties of silicon wafers, wafer-level processes, vacuumsystems, thermal oxidation, thin-film deposition via physical vapor deposition (thermalevaporator, electron-beam evaporation and sputtering), dry and wet etching processes,fundamentals of photolithography, surface and bulk micromachining techniques, and processintegration. The last three weeks of the course focus on MEMS applications. The fundamentalsbehind the fabrication and operation of thermal heat actuators, capacitive accelerometers, DLP,bio-sensors, and pressure sensors are discussed in detail. During this course the students have ahands-on laboratory in which they fabricate and test a thermal heat actuator. What is uniqueabout this course is that it is cross-listed over several

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wenli Guo, Queensborough Community College; Vazgen Shekoyan, Queensborough Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

-centered Formative Assessment using Reflective Quiz Self-corrections in a Calculus Physics Course Wenli Guo and Vazgen Shekoyan City University of New York/Queensborough Community College, 222-05 56th Avenue, Bayside, NY 11364 ABSTRACTCalculus Physics I is a calculus based general physics course covering fundamental principles ofmechanics. The overwhelming majority of students in this course are prepared for admissionwith advanced standing to a Bachelor of Science engineering program. Often found in theclassroom are that many students have difficulty in solving problems, skills that are crucial forstudents to be successful in this rigorous curriculum. In spite

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Phy

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Kohlmyer, Georgia Institute of Technology; Michael Schatz, Georgia Institute of Technology; Richard Catrambone, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marcus Marr, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

several key features: • A focus on fundamental physical principles, rather than a long list of specific equations, for solving problems. In M&I mechanics, three major principles (the momentum principle, the energy principle, and the angular momentum principle) drive the organization of the course and serve as the starting points for all analysis. For example, formulas for constant acceleration kinematics are de-emphasized—instead, the momentum principle (or Newton’s 2nd Law in a discrete form) is used to explore a wider variety of motions. • An emphasis on the microscopic structure of matter and the connection between microscopic models and macroscopic behavior. In mechanics, a ball-and-spring

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz J. Rueckert, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

asks students toconstruct a structurally sound pasta bridge spanning a set gap. Students can attempt a number ofstrategies and benefit from the innovation of their group and others. Creativity, an area at whichthese students already excel, is used as a fundamental learning tool.Rube Goldberg MachineStudent ingenuity is put to full use by the course project. While frequent, short quizzes are usedto gauge student progress, the midterm and final are replaced by the RGM project. Students areasked to imagine their group has been hired by the Museum of Science to design a RGMinstallation that illustrates basic physics for the public. Throughout the semester, studentscompose and build a chain-reaction machine with a set number of stages that

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hüseyin Sarper, Old Dominion University; Drew Landman, Old Dominion University; Linda Vahala, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Paper ID #15726First-year Project Experience in Aerospace: Apogee Determination of ModelRockets with Explicit Consideration of Drag Effect ¨Dr. Huseyin Sarper, Old Dominion University H¨useyin Sarper, Ph.D., P.E. is a senior lecturer in the Engineering Fundamentals Division at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. He was a professor of engineering and director of the graduate programs at Colorado State University – Pueblo in Pueblo, Col. until 2014. He was also an associate director of Colorado’s NASA Space Grant Consortium between 2007 and 2013. His degrees, all in industrial engineering, are from the

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 1

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angeles Dominguez, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM) and Universidad Andres Bello ; Jorge Eugenio de la Garza Becerra, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM) and Universidad Andres Bello ; Cynthia Concepción Castro, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

course tothree courses. That will require a reorganization of content for the three calculus courses and thephysics courses, to truly integrate both disciplines in terms of models.IntroductionThe subjects of Physics and Mathematics are a fundamental part of the core curriculum ofengineering programs. The concepts and procedures developed in those subjects are applied inother courses of the program. Hence, learning and understanding the material covered in thosefundamental courses is relevant for all engineering students. However, Physics and Mathematicsare often taught as separate courses, creating shifts between the concepts and procedures taughtin one course and needed in the other at a particular time, as well as a lack of connectionsbetween

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodrigo Cutri P.E., Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia; Paulo Alexandre Martin, Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia; Nair Stem, Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia; Keiti Pereira Vidal Souza, Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

approximately one hour was the bestpractice.Laboratory reportsCharacteristics: Weekly evaluation, done in teams of three students, consisting of experimentalsurveys and related analyzes19,20,21. Traditional writing reports often create a barrier for students’comprehension of physics concepts. Some alternatives have been discussed, such as oralpresentation, visual presentation (poster), and homework20,21. According to a previous study20,the use of alternative ways to report laboratory data allowed students to develop different skills(oral, visual, and written skills) in terms of reporting data. The necessity of developing suchdifferent skills is imperative for their professional lives3.Steps for implementing laboratory reports: Laboratory experiments

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth M. Purcell, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

the students. The “Read, Practice, Study” section available tostudents has e-text content, animated illustrations, addition sample problems, videos of sampleproblems being worked out, mini-lectures, concept simulations, and Interactive Learningwareproblems, and a solution manual that includes selected End of Chapter problems.Use of WileyPlus at USI is limited to the Fall 2013 semester. WileyPlus was used in conjunctionwith Physics, 9th edition by Cutnell and Johnson for PHYS 175 and Fundamentals of Physics 10thedition by Halliday, Resnick and Walker for PHYS 205. In both of these courses, students wereassigned 8-12 End of Chapter problems AND 2-4 concept questions per chapter that were gradedfor credit. Practice problem sets of problems

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Warren A. Turner, Westfield State University; Glenn W. Ellis, Smith College; Robert J. Beichner, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

types of misconceptions noted followingpost-instruction analysis of the TUG-K, namely graph type confusion, slope calculation and slopevs. area confusion, continue to be exhibited at some level by students taking the TUG-R. However,significant differences were noted, with TUG-R students performing better on every question intwo of the seven objectives on 8 of the 21 questions and equally well on 9 of the remaining 13.Further work will be conducted to verify that these observations and conclusions remain consistentas the testing sample is expanded across a broader spectrum of students of different levels, usingdifferent instructional techniques and at a larger cross section of institutions.IntroductionOver the past few decades, the field of