Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session - Development Opportunities for Diverse Engineering Students

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Wolfe, Carnegie Mellon University; Elizabeth A. Powell, Tennessee Technological University; Seth Schlisserman; Alexandra Kirshon

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering, Women in Engineering

universities, where the researchers asked participants aboutproblems they encountered during their engineering curriculum and to comment on problemscenarios. Findings suggest that students often lack resources for effectively solving teamproblems, though “high achieving” students, defined as having a self-reported GPA of 3.5 orabove, are often more proactive when dealing with slacker teammates, using strategies such assetting early deadlines or selecting teammates known also to be high achievers. However, acrossthe board, students preferred to “do nothing” when dealing with domineering or exclusionaryteammates.These findings shed light on the disproportionate burden women and under-representedminorities face in team projects and the lack of resources

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Wayne Krause; Chenoa Jensen; CASEY ALLEN; Michael J Batchelder; Daniel F. Dolan

and team development, personnel issues, financial issues, and assessment.This paper focuses on the SAE projects, but all function in a similar manner. A companionpaper documents the solar car.5 There may be more or less senior design effort depending on thedepartment that is primarily responsible for the project. The ASME and SAE projects tend to befocused in the Mechanical Engineering department, the solar car and the IEEE Robot are focusedin the Electrical and Computer Engineering department, and the concrete canoe is focused in theCivil and Environmental Engineering department.(3) Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Production“To those who want to see real improvement in American education, I say: There will be norenaissance without

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 3 – Course and Program Outcomes

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devanandham Henry, Regent University; Charles Daniel Turnitsa, Regent University; Cheryl Beauchamp, Regent University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

the Graduate Reference Curriculum for Systems Engineering (GRCSE). Before joining Stevens, Henry spent nine years with the Aeronautical De- velopment Agency, Ministry of Defense, India, working on aircraft design, aerodynamics, performance, optimization, and project management of the Air Force and Navy versions of the Indian light combat air- craft. He was also actively involved in promoting systems engineering among the aerospace community in India.Dr. Charles Daniel Turnitsa, Regent UniversityProf. Cheryl Beauchamp, Regent University Current Position: Chair, Engineering and Computer Science Department of the College of Arts & Science, Regent Univer- sity, Virginia Beach, Virginia Education: •Ph.D

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division: Collection

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George D. Ricco, University of Kentucky; Janet K. Lumpp, University of Kentucky; Joshua Parsons; Shannon Lee Sampson; Brad A. Hubbard, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

harsh criticism that needs to be explored as we continue to explorethe data and collect more responses is the perception of recruitment fallout. Numerous facultyexplored the possible recruitment advantages of disadvantages the FYE courses have introducedinto the college. Among some faculty, the FYE courses appear to have an electrical andcomputer engineering focus, possibly due to the Matlab programming requirements andextensive use of Arduino microcontroller technology throughout the project components of thecourse. While the curriculum has been crafted given input from all departments and hasexplicitly included elements from departments that may feel more disadvantaged by the choiceof programming elements, the long-term effects on enrollment

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 6: Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April A. Dukes, University of Pittsburgh; Valerie E. Kerr, University of Pittsburgh; Susan K. Fullerton Shirey, University of Pittsburgh; Götz Veser, University of Pittsburgh; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

Environment, we will provide a Modular Curriculum that replaces thestandard 3-credit classes with single-credit classes. This change will enable students to customize theireducation to fit program requirements and student interests, thus controlling the breadth and depth oftheir intellectual development. One-credit modules also create flexibility that will enable faculty to quicklydeploy new content in response to emerging trends, further increasing students' ability to tackle relevantchallenges immediately after graduating. Existing literature points to positive student outcomes whenpersonalizing graduate engineering coursework, as evidenced by Mistree et al., who incorporated pillarsof personalized learning (e.g., student learning goals, course

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Dhruv Sakalley, Drexel University; Holly Burnside, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

both its objectives and practice (laboratories, experiments, andmaterials), fulfills the aims of a sustainable curriculum on several levels. First, nanotechnologyenables innovation in the areas of renewable energy, toxic waste remediation, more efficient useof materials, substitution for scarce materials, and affordable healthcare. Smith and Granqvist59provide a survey of sustainable Green nanotechnologies for electric lighting and daylighting(luminaries), heat and electricity via solar energy, cooling devices, air sensing and cleaning,thermal insulation, and electrical storage, using nanotechnology similar to the subjects of ourproposed laboratory projects. Second, Lean approaches are predicated on waste reduction—“doing more with less.” Such

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 8

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Stewart Thomas, Bucknell University; Stu Thompson, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

tiger team whowould be able to contribute effort and insights to teams who are stuck and additionally providean outside perspective.ContextThe tiger team was implemented in a one-year long capstone design course in the electrical andcomputer engineering programs at a private liberal arts institution. The institution ispredominately undergraduate; with no graduate students able to serve as teaching assistants thecourse is managed by two faculty – one electrical and one computer engineer. The course isorganized around external projects sponsored by regional and national companies. Projects areundertaken by teams of mixed electrical and computer engineers. Most projects are subject tonon-disclosure agreements. The year-long, two-credit capstone

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: First-Year Experiences

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie L. Walkup PE, Villanova University; John Komlos, Villanova University; Kevin A. Waters P.E., Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

-year engineering programming from acommon first-year experience with multi-disciplinary projects, to a common first-yearexperience that spans multiple engineering disciplines with smaller projects, or to morediscipline specific courses for students with direct matriculation into a specific major. Thesecourses aim to provide an early introduction to the engineering discipline3 thus positivelyimpacting a student’s engineering identity5, which has been shown to increase studentpersistence within the engineering field1.Applicants to Villanova University’s College of Engineering are directly matriculated into theirselected engineering discipline (civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemicalengineering, or electrical engineering) but were

Conference Session

Capstone and International Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Rust, Western New England University; Steven G. Northrup, Western New England University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

engineering and the other from electrical engineering. Bothinstructors had significant interest in the course content, including research projects involvingdesigns for low-resource environments. The course was offered as an Integrated Liberal andProfessional (ILP) course at Western New England University (WNE). Each student at WNE isrequired to complete one ILP course as part of their graduation requirements, thus the coursecounts toward the degree for engineering students as well as other majors.Throughout the semester, students attended lectures on a variety of global health topics including Page 25.728.3major diseases and the collection of data

Conference Session

Socio-cultural Dimensions of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Mazzurco, Purdue University; James Huff, Harding University; Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

place.22 Such observations suggest the needfor “stepping stone” interventions to foster global competency in a broader range of engineeringstudents, and particularly those who are not as likely to self-select into global experiences.22-23How, then, might students learn to navigate their engineering career with global competencewithout experiencing a different culture firsthand? Additionally, how can we prepare students tonavigate across cultures before immersing them in a different context? A growing number ofresources and documented models make such learning possible. For example, content fromDowney et al.’s Engineering Cultures curriculum, along with many other resources, are availableon the GlobalHUB website (globalhub.org).8 Other examples

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Khan, Kansas State University-Salina; Beverlee Kissick, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

International

or None None 2 19 not electricity is available in a region where an electronic gadget is to be sold. 3. The average national income would be a key None 2 3 17 factor for setting a price for the product. 4. Intel’s decision to market $220 PC’s to India is 3 7 9 1 a good business decision. 5. India’s workers associated with the development of the Intel project were hired because they

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 18

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marino Nader, University of Central Florida; Michelle Taub, University of Central Florida; Sierra Outerbridge, University of Central Florida; Harrison N. Oonge, University of Central Florida; Hyoung Jin Cho, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

his Ph.D. he began working in the Aerospace Industry where he spent over 10 years as a Stress Analyst/Consultant. At present he enjoys working on Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) with his students, designing, analyzing, constructing and flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Dr. Nader won a few awards in the past few years, among these are the College of Engineering Award of Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching (2023), Excellence in Faculty Academic Advising for the College of Engineering and Computer Science (2020). In addition, he is also a Co-PI on the NSF-supported HSI Implementation and Evaluation Project: Enhancing Student Success in Engineering Curriculum through Active e-Learning and High Impact Teaching

Conference Session

Exploring Technological Literacy and Awareness

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Frenzel, Electronic Design Magazine

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

the question. Perhaps a betterapproach is a top down “how it works” presentation of electronics starting with the applications,systems, equipment then eventually delving deeper into the circuits and the components. It is amore interesting approach and can be implemented to the degree needed in each schoolaccording to local industry requirements.If it were possible to create a curriculum from scratch for today’s technician, the top downapproach would certainly be a major alternative. It starts with the application or equipment thendigs deeper into the system to identify major components such as modules or PC boards. Thecircuits are then considered. Ultimately the individual components and electrical theories wouldbe introduced.As it turns out

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert G. Ryan, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Assessment of a New Design Stem Course SequenceAbstractIn Fall 2009, the Mechanical Engineering Department at California State University, Northridgeimplemented significant changes to the curriculum by creating a new course sequence focusedon design. The course sequence is distributed throughout the four years of the program, andculminates in the traditional capstone senior design course. One of the features of the newsequence was the requirement of a team project in each course, including oral design reviewsdocumenting the projects’ progress. Enabling our students to continuously develop anddemonstrate skills related to design and communication was the main incentive behind

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Christopher Stewart Rose, James Madison University; Ramana Pidaparti, University of Georgia; Cheryl Lea Beverly, James Madison University; Peyton Leigh Pittman

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

undergraduate institutions(PUIs) in the second-year engineering curriculum. All students were given a lecture on bio-inspired design and asked to complete the C-K mapping template in class as part of learningactivities to understand the process of discovery, and again in their assignment to scaffoldapplication to the course project. Analysis of the student-generated templates using a rubricshows that students were able to successfully use information (knowledge transfer) to makeconnections between biology and engineering for creating solutions for design problems.Additionally, all students were asked to respond to six reflection questions regarding the content(biology) and process (bio-inspired design). Qualitative content analysis of second

Conference Session

Manufacturing and Machine Component Design

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold L. Stalford, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

too far from being true in undergraduate education in the United States wherein students arememorizing their way through most of the curriculum. In an US News and World Reportarticle2, “High School Students Need to Think, Not Memorize”, an Advanced Placement biologyteacher is quoted “Students go through the motions of their lab assignments without graspingwhy, and ‘the exam is largely a vocabulary test’”.David Perkins3, co-director of Harvard Project Zero, a research center for cognitivedevelopment, and senior research associate at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, pointsout several observations in his article on “Teaching for Understanding”. (1) “The student mightsimply be parroting the test and following memorized routines for stock

Conference Session

Incorporating Technology in the Classroom

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guenter Bischof, Joanneum; Christian Steinmann; Thomas Kainz; Eric Menard; Robert Poetsch; Maximilian Sterkl; Christoph Tröster

ofmathematical or engineering problems. The students complete software projects within ateam-oriented project-based learning environment [4]. These projects are part of therequirements of both the Computer Programming course and at least one additional coursewithin the curriculum in their second semester of study. Frequently, the EngineeringMathematics course in the second semester is that accompanying subject since it focuses onordinary differential equations and on numerical methods for solving them. For both subjects,this is a fruitful collaboration, as their mutual usefulness becomes clearly visible.It seems that a critical issue in teaching mathematics to engineering students is to find theright balance between the practical application of

Collection

2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Edgar C. Clausen; James T. McAllister

interactive classroom alternative outweighed the technical challenges ofthe delivery method.A number of other techniques for developing better student-faculty interaction have been triedwith mixed success including the incorporation of life cycle assessment into early engineeringclasses (Weber et al. 2014); the use of incidental writing, or informal writing that students dothroughout the course (Hawkins et al. 1996); using a plant trip as a theme for an energy balancecourse (Younf and Stuart 2000); integrating thermal-fluid experiments into the classroom(Olinger and Hermanson 2002) and using problem based learning in an electrical engineeringcourse (Yadav et al. 2011). Finelli et al. (2001) present a list of activities that might improve theclassroom

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Measurements: Innovative Course Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sri Kolla, Bowling Green State University; Joseph Mainoo, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

engineering curriculum in Switzerland,”5th IFAC International Symposium on intelligent Components and Instruments for Control Applications (SICICA2003), July 9-11, 2003, pp. 57-59[7] Francisco Ferrero Martin, et al., “An Electronic Instrumentation Design Project for Computer EngineeringStudents,” IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 48, pp. 472-481, August 2005.[8] W. Lin, et al., “Integration of enterprise and industrial networks in computer engineering technology program,”Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference, 2004.[9] J. Rehg and B. Muller, “Teaching PLCs with the IEC 61131 standard languages,” Proceedings of ASEE AnnualConference, 2005.[10] J. Tapper, “Industry driven curriculum development, the key to successful courseware,” Proceedings of

Conference Session

FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-year Programs Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorelle A. Meadows, University of Michigan; Robin Fowler, University of Michigan; Elizabeth S. Hildinger, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

technical material that thestudents need to solve the problem and the communication skills that they need to present theirsolutions. In addition, within the context of the design problem, instruction in teamworkmanagement, ethics, the role of the engineer in society, and sustainability is delivered.Most of the engineering disciplines are represented in the offerings: during the academic year2010 – 2011, students could select from course sections focusing on projects with technicalcontent reflecting aerospace, biomedical, civil and environmental, electrical and computer,industrial, materials science, mechanical, and naval engineering. In addition, one section with asignificant service-learning component was available, and one section was offered

Collection

2021 ASEE Pacific Southwest Conference - "Pushing Past Pandemic Pedagogy: Learning from Disruption"

Authors

Arthur Densmore, California State University, Long Beach; Hen-Geul Yeh, Cal State University, Long Beach

Tagged Topics

Diversity

instrument in a similar sense as discussedabove for the former objective: appropriate learning strategies are certainly more appropriatewhen based on real measurements than on artificial simulation. The sixth and seven learningobjectives essentially fulfill the intentions of a project-based learning curriculum such as thatdiscussed by Zhang, et al.8Learning assessment during cov-19 pandemicFigs 2 and 3 below present the fall 2019 Student Perception of Teaching (SPOT) survey resultsfor two of the first EE laboratory courses to involve remote student use of the myDAQinstrument loaned out by the university to the individual students. The SPOT surveys arecollected from the students late in the semester before they receive their semester grades. Notethat

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Economy Education

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Joan Burtner

engineering economy course provides an ideal environment inwhich students may demonstrate teamwork and communication skills, awareness of ethicalstandards, and an understanding of the impact of engineering solutions on society. Case studiesbased on the Challenger disaster and the Ford/Firestone controversy have direct relevance to theindustrial engineering curriculum and can be adapted to meet the needs of specific courses suchas engineering economy, project management, and quality control.IntroductionRecent revisions in engineering accreditation guidelines have raised awareness of the wide rangeof learning outcomes that comprise a modern undergraduate engineering education 1. In additionto technical competence in engineering science, students need

Conference Session

Capstone Courses I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grant Martin, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

Page 11.1188.8 Pimmel, Russ, “Cooperative Learning Instructional Activities in a Capstone Design Course,” Journal ofEngineering Education, (July 2001), accessed online athttp://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:mTq_X9wN5dkJ:https://www.asee.org/jee/papers/EE009-16.pdf+pimmel+capstone+cooperative+learning on December 14, 2005.5 Jenkins, S. Rod, et al., “Capstone Course in an Integrated Engineering Curriculum,” Journal ofProfessional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, (April 2002), pp. 75-82.6 US Military Academy Website, www.usma.edu/mission.asp, accessed January 17, 2006.7 Kaufman, pg. 26.8 Ibid, 28.9 Project Management and System Design, Instructional Memorandum, Academic Term 2006-2 (springsemester

Conference Session

Issues Affecting Engineering Technology Program Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Dean, Old Dominion University; Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Reina Gerard, U.S. Navy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

interdisciplinaryprogram in Marine Engineering Technology, which is compatible with current two-yearprograms in Marine Engineering Technology being offered at Thomas Nelson CommunityCollege, Tidewaters Community College, and the Northup Grumman Newport News ApprenticeSchool. In this proposed curriculum, Marine Engineering Technology will be introduced at thefreshman level with its incorporation into the colleges Freshman Engineering Program -Exploring Engineering and Technology land II. Additional courses in Basic Ship Building,Naval Architecture, Marine Electrical Systems, and Marine Husbandry and Support Facilitieswill be offered in the sophomore and junior years. The student will then take the currentlydeveloped MaET senior electives to round out the degree

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Meredith Aronson; Reid Bailey

”much negotiation, the adjunct instructor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering programwas replaced with a faculty who clearly saw the value of integration.As a result, the Mechanical Engineering program agreed to co-convene their course with themultidisciplinary course, thus leveraging a faculty they knew and trusted, and moving them onestep closer to full integration, as the lectures were co-taught. And with the transition to a newtenured faculty in Electrical and Computer Engineering, an advocate for increasing College-wideintegration of projects with more substantial departmental influence on curriculum decisions wasgained.As such, design faculty across the College have been critical players in the move towardsintegration

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Seyedeh Elham Kamali; Reihaneh Samsami

Students recognize the potential of AI to makeapplied more practically within their curriculum. learning more efficient, improve educationalSuggestions included integrating AI into hands-on experiences, and provide hands-on applications that aretraining with tools like Building Information Modeling relevant to their future careers. However, there are(BIM) and machine learning for smarter design, significant concerns about AI's potential to diminishconstruction, and project management. This indicates a critical engineering skills such as problem-solving anddesire for AI applications that are directly relevant to analytical thinking. There is a strong call from

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bridget M. Smyser, Northeastern University; Gregory J Kowalski, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

typically takenduring the junior year. This course is the only place in the curriculum where topics such asdesign of experiments, measurement of engineering quantities, data analysis and selection ofsensors are covered. Beginning in Fall 2011 this course underwent an extensive redesign tomove from demonstration lab experiments to hands on, open ended laboratory experienceswhich emphasized the students’ ability to design experiments, identify the variables to bemeasured, and select the best instrumentation for a given task. Previous research by one of theauthors demonstrated measureable gains in retention of course concepts and the application ofthose concepts during a ‘design your own measurement experiment’ term project. The purposeof the current

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Technical Session 8: Assessment, Framworks, Standards, Oh My!

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg J. Strimel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Amy Evans Sabarre; Tanner J. Huffman, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

concepts related to the engineering habits, practices, and knowledge are explicitly taught and assessed. 2. Determining additional areas of opportunity to address the missing engineering concepts. 3. Creating more intentional areas for integrating engineering concepts within biology and chemistry courses. 4. Creating vertical maps for engineering units and projects to ensure the engineering concepts are addressed over time. 5. Developing instructional materials during common teacher planning times using the EPMs to address all of the core concepts for engineering learning.In order to analyze their current curriculum and to identify where concepts related to the threedimensions of the framework were

Collection

ASEE Zone 1 Conference - Spring 2023

Authors

Bradley J. Sottile, The Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Paper ID #40505Work in Progress: What is Ethical? A Mixed Methods Study ExaminingStudent, Faculty, and Stakeholder Views on Professional EngineeringEthicsMr. Bradley J. Sottile, The Pennsylvania State University Brad Sottile is Lecturer in Computer Science and Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering in The Penn- sylvania State University’s College of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sci- ence. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Work in Progress: What is Ethical? A Mixed Methods Study Examining Student, Faculty, and Stakeholder Views on Professional

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bridget Ogwezi, Ansys Inc.; Kaitlin Tyler, Ph.D., Ansys, Inc.; Navid Manai; Christopher Lee Penny

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP)

Education, 2023 Closing the Gap between Industry and Academia via Student Teams SupportAbstractA well-known challenge in engineering education is the attempt to balance the demands of industryrecruitment with the core needs of an already packed engineering curriculum. Due to timeconstraints, real-world examples and other learning opportunities that aim to develop andconsolidate the industry-desirable skills can be difficult to include in the curriculum. One way toaddress this challenge is to collaborate with industry (for example, on capstone projects, studentteam challenges, etc.) while the students are still studying. A place for these collaborations, whichcan provide benefit for both parties, is through student competitions. Student