Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia Ziyatdinova, Kazan National Research Technological University; Artem Bezrukov; Petr Osipov; Phillip Albert Sanger, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Vasiliy Grigoryevich Ivanov, Kazan National Research Technological University

Tagged Divisions

International

ongoing and successfully implemented joint projects. This approach is areflection of the general trend in the Russian system of higher education: although thegovernment sets internationalization as priority and engineering universities are encouraged toestablish as many international contacts as possible, there is a general sense of saturation byempty MoUs among Russian universities and the feeling that successful internationalization canbe achieved with a limited group of partners with long-lasting and complex success stories.Another internationalization trend of KNRTU is its collaboration with industry [5], mostly in Page 26.823.4terms of

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin P. Arnett P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Craig E. Quadrato, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

into an Undergraduate CurriculumAbstractBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) developed into a prominent field of knowledge andpractice in the Architect/Engineering/Construction (AEC) profession over the past decade. Asthis field emerged in both academia and industry, increasingly viewed as critical for significantpractice, the state of the art became more clearly defined. As the field matures, the door opensfor the effective integration of BIM at the undergraduate civil engineering program level.Some universities have taken the approach of addressing this new body of knowledge viaseminar sessions, in addition to the standard academic load, while others have addressed the needwith the development of a specific

Conference Session

ENT-7: Approaches to Fostering Self-Efficacy and Data-Driven Decision Making

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Wang, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Nathalie Duval-Couetil, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

engagedin academic entrepreneurship, focusing on how their roles and career stages influence theirpriorities. Using advanced natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques,we analyzed qualitative survey responses to uncover key themes in entrepreneurial training. Theanalysis identified three primary desired learning goals of entrepreneurial teams: enhancingteamwork and collaboration, understanding market segmentation, and developing customerdiscovery and commercialization strategies. Graduate students emphasized teamwork andcollaboration, reflecting their early career focus on skill-building and professional development,while faculty prioritized commercialization, aligning with their strategic and leadership roles.These findings

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahra Pournorouz, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

and enhancing the thermophysical properties of synthetic oils. This was the first demonstra- tion of the work ever done in this field and resulted in broad environmental and cost benefits, especially in energy storage and heat transfer applications. She has more than three years of experience teaching ther- mofluidic, mechanical design, and solid and structure courses and supervising senior capstone projects collaborating with industries such as Saint-Gobain, Klein Tools, and Parker. She also has served in lead- ership roles at the Society of Women Engineers and STEM advisory task force to represent diversity and inclusion and improve student success and retention for underrepresented students

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Imas, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Jeffrey A. Lamack, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Charles S. Tritt, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh P.E., Milwaukee School of Engineering; Icaro Dos Santos, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

sought to ensure that thedesign sequence not only met the ABET educational requirements but also provided regularopportunities for industry collaboration and mentorship of student teams and projects. Thecomposite of these data revealed several disadvantages of this track, which served as themotivation for the most recent revision.1. Sophomore and junior teams experienced challenges proceeding to design and simulations phases without having completed (or being enrolled in) essential engineering courses offered later in the junior and senior years.2. As the junior year contains the most challenging courses in our curriculum, the teams experienced the most turnover during that time, as some students transitioned out of the program or fell

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Bowen, Virginia Tech; Alan R. Kallmeyer, North Dakota State University; Holly Hermine Erickson, West Fargo Public Schools

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Research Experience For Teachers Programs and Their Effects on Student Interest and Academic Performance: A Preliminary Report of an Ongoing Collaborative Study by Eight Programs.”, MRS Proceedings, 684, GG3.6 doi:10.1557/PROC-684-GG3.6, 2001.[7] A. M. Farrell, “What Teachers Can Learn From Industry Internships.” Educational Leadership, pp. 38-39, March 1992.[8] S. Silverstein, J. Dubner, J. Miller, S. Glied, and J. Loike, “Teachers’ Participation in Research Programs Improves Their Students’ Achievement in Science,” Science, vol. 326, pp. 440-442, 2009.[9] B. D. Bowen, A. Kallmeyer, and H. Erickson, “Research Experiences for Teachers: Engineering in Precision Agriculture and Sustainability for Solitary STEM

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: It's All About Teams and Teamwork

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom O'Neill, University of Calgary; Semin Park, University of Connecticut; Nicole Lynn Larson, University of Calgary; Amanda Deacon, University of Calgary; Genevieve Hoffart, University of Calgary; Bob Brennan, University of Calgary; Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; William Daniel Rosehart P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #12414Peer Ratings and Intentions to Change: Adopting the CATME to ExploreOutcomes of Peer RatingsDr. Tom O’Neill, University of Calgary Tom is a Professor of Industrial/Organizational Psychology and leading expert in the areas of team dy- namics, virtual teams, conflict management, personality, and assessment. He is director of the Individual and Team Performance Lab and the Virtual Team Performance, Innovation, and Collaboration Lab at the University of Calgary, which was built through a $500K Canada Foundation for Innovation Infrastructure Grant. He also holds operating grants of over $300K to conduct leading

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey A Nason, Oregon State University; Samuel B Gavitte, Tufts University; Milo D. Koretsky, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

to approach problemswith a holistic view, make decisions based on evidence, collaborate effectively in teams, andlearn from setbacks. Laboratory work plays a crucial role in shaping the professionaldevelopment of university engineering students as it enables them to cultivate these essentialpractices [1, 2]. A successful laboratory task design should provide students opportunities todevelop these practices but also needs to adhere to the constraints of the educationalenvironment.In this project, we explore how both virtual (simulation-based) and physical (hands-on)laboratories, based on the same real-world engineering process, develop the practices studentswill need in their future careers. In an engineering virtual laboratory, students work

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Eniko T. Enikov; Malcolm T. Gibson

such asenergy, materials, and information in order to provide tools and technology in service ofadvancing human civilization. Consequently, engineering activity has a global impact due to theinternational utilization of innovative discovery. For this reason, engineering education has theobjective of presenting not only the engineering sciences but also how to apply them to directapplications in a manner that is judicious and conscience of societal and environmental impact 1 .In order to meet the future challenges of an advancing engineering industry, undergraduateeducation needs to prepare students in a vast spectrum of sciences and technical skills. Thisrequires collaboration between classroom knowledge and laboratory practice. By utilizing

Conference Session

PCEE Instructional Showcases

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg J Strimel, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Deana Lucas, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Tori Constantine, Purdue University at West Lafayette ; Yubin Lee, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Tamara J Moore, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PWL) (COE); Morgan M Hynes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Siddika Selcen Guzey, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PWL) (COE); Anne DeLion, Purdue Engineering Education; Molly H Goldstein, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Rick Hill, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

units engage students with real-world applications ofmicroelectronics through hands-on design projects, exposing them to, and preparing them for, futureopportunities in the semiconductor industry. Two of these units are presented in the following sections.What’s in the Box (Middle School Unit): In collaboration with Figure 1. Microelectronics Escape Rooma local “fictitious” escape room and a new microelectronics Boxpackaging company, this unit engages students in designing afour-level “escape room box or breakout box” (see Figure 1) thatdemystifies the inner workings of microchips (aka integratedcircuits). Students work in teams to create puzzles that exploremicroelectronics basics, coding, digital logic, and testing

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

JAMES WANLISS, Anderson University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics and Physics Division (EP2D)

crucial in engineering industries where unplanned downtime can be costly or,in the case of power grids, deadly [14]. Deep learning also has applications to monitor thestructural health of buildings and infrastructure, thus enhancing safety and preventingcatastrophic failures [15]. Positive examples of deep learning in the context of Natural LanguageProcessing (NLP) are applications like automated documentation, translation, communication,facilitating collaboration among engineers across language barriers, and for development ofsematic search engines to understand the context and meaning of user queries [16]. On the otherhand, in the past few years concern has arisen[17] that deep learning techniques in naturallanguage processing can destabilize

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Evaluating Student Behaviors and Attitudes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Atkins, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Julian Ernesto Martinez-Moreno, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Lalit Patil, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kimber J Andrews, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign ; Maryalice S. Wu, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Debasish Dutta, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Barbara Hug, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Liora Bresler

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

in a team, it doesn’t matter how smart you are.1Experience working in interdisciplinary teams is crucial to the extent that Kalyan Handiqueconsiders it as the most valuable aspect of his doctoral education was “getting theinterdisciplinary environment [in which I was forced to collaborate],” and that without it heprobably would “have not gained much and would have been less value to industry.”In addition to having coursework and projects that force students to collaborate, followinginterventions were mentioned as those that can help student get habituated to collaborating:  Explicit encouragement and training. Yoram Bresler, co-founder and CTO of InstaRecon Inc., observed, “I think academic culture in some cases stifles

Conference Session

Intro to Engineering: Not Just 1st Year Engineers

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Todd A. Watkins; Drew Snyder; John Ochs

for Engineering Educationconvened a blue ribbon group of industry leaders and engineering deans who identified twelvekey areas for reform (including leadership, communication, integration of knowledge across thecurriculum, a multidisciplinary perspective, teamwork, active learning and collaboration.)7 Page 8.823.2 Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering EducationIn addition to these general calls for reform in undergraduate programs, educators have stressedsimilar curricular deficiencies in targeted

Conference Session

Project Management and Team Issues

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sven Hvid Nielsen

presented in the frame ofMechanical Engineering and Industrial Design curriculums. Innovation as suggested is the creationof a new product-market-technology-organisation-combination (PMTO-combination) consisting ofthree key elements: 1) Innovation is a process and should be managed as such, 2) the result is atleast one new element in the company’s PMTO-combinations. 3) The extent to which theinnovation is new may range from incremental, small step innovation, through synthetic innovation,i.e. the creative recombination of existing techniques, ideas or methods, to discontinuous, radical,quantum-leap innovation. Often new means: new, somewhere on the continuum. The company inthis case - a very small business - wanted just an aluminium

Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics: What's New

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sangram Redkar, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Testing. Despite ofASU’s geographical remoteness from the Michigan and upper Midwest heart of the US-based automotive industry, the automotive concentration has experienced explosiveenrollment growth (of both in-state and non-resident students). In fall-08, the graduatestudents and practicing engineers requested the author to offer a course in computationalvehicle dynamics that will enable them to understand vehicle dynamics from multi-bodyanalytical dynamics point of view. This course also aimed at introducing students to avery powerful computational vehicle dynamics software suite-MSC-ADAMS by MSC-Software1.Development of such a course needed strong collaboration from Industry, MSC softwareand the University. The central idea behind the course

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

John T. Berry; Gregory L. Ferguson

manufacturing process have been removed frommany undergraduate curriculums. The University of Alabama now offers an integrated pair of courses onmanufacturing processes and design. A central theme behind the courses is that manufacturing topics are cast ina concurrent engineering design context. The introductory first course is taught at the junior level, while thesecond course is a more comprehensive senior offering. Both courses require the student to participate in designand build projects. The students are placed in teams and must learn to communicate and work effectively in theteam environment. Further, both courses make use of the state’s educational manufacturing resources in anovel, collaborative arrangement. This approach allows the

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Poster Session

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shahrooz -- Ghorbani, East Carolina University; tianjiao zhao, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

modelingtools. Recent research by Alshboul et al. [17] and Omar et al. [18] indicates that while someeducational institutions have begun incorporating AI tools into their curricula, the approach oftenlacks systematic framework and comprehensive integration. Yigitcanlar et al. [7] and Samoilenko[19] emphasize that successful integration requires a holistic approach that encompasses strategicalignment with learning objectives, development of appropriate technical infrastructure,comprehensive faculty training and support, robust industry partnership and collaboration, andcontinuous assessment and adaptation of educational methods. However, the integration of AI insustainable construction education faces significant practical and pedagogical challenges

Conference Session

Hands-on Activities and Student Learning in Aerospace Engineering - II - Student Papers

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy L. Yother, Purdue Polytechnic Institute; Cooper G. Burleson, Purdue University; James M. Thom, Purdue University; Brian Kozak, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

. Kozak developed new courses on aeronautical statics, autonomous vehicle operations, and drone operations in outdoor flight environments. He is currently collaborating with industry partners to teach skills that are required for a new generation of aviation graduates. Dr. Kozak earned his B.S. in Applied Physics, B.S. in Interdisciplinary Science, M.S. in Aviation and Aerospace Management, and Ph.D. in Technology from Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. He has strong personal interests in aviation where he enjoys piloting aircraft and building a composite airplane. Dr. Kozak holds FAA private pilot, airframe and powerplant, and remote pilot certificates c American Society for

Conference Session

ETD Projects

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gangjian Guo, Bradley University; Joseph C Chen P.E., Bradley University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, collaboration, and project management skills, 4-5 students, as one group, arerequired to complete the project that requires many different skills such as design, computersimulation, CNC machining, injection molding, etc. After a year of implementation, evidencedemonstrates that the program effectively enhances students’ understanding and capability ofplastic product development. By implementing this new curriculum, Bradley University has beenable to have a higher impact on the career preparation of the students and the supply of trainedplastics engineers to local industries. The presentation will illustrate the plastics injectionmolding curriculum and describe one of the successful four-module projects conducted based onthe curriculum. The impact to

Conference Session

Technical Session 6: Modulus Topics Part 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville; James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Brian Scott Robinson, University of Louisville; James Christopher Foreman, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

acompetitive co-operative internship program, as well as their experiences beyond academia.Partnership with industry is another key aspect of engineering education as this type ofexperience serves to both demonstrate the engineering profession to students, as well as to buildrelationships between industry and academia. Future work in this course will include fosteringthe collaboration of more industrial partners in order to produce more Cornerstone Project ideas,beyond this windmill, and engage students in an ever increasing diversity of industryapplications. Some examples of this collaborative outreach are a water filtration system with thelocal wastewater treatment utility, and potential projects with a local material handling companyand the local

Conference Session

ET Leadership, Administration, and Articulation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Gerry Marekova, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, 2008 Applied Engineering Technology Program’s CurriculumAbstractDrexel University is the leading institution of higher education in the Delaware Valley andGreater Philadelphia region that offers a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in AppliedEngineering Technology (AET). The AET program was initiated as a response to job- andeducation-related issues expressed by government, academic institutions and industries acrossthe nation. Since fall of 2002, Drexel has been offering its AET major in collaboration with theDelaware County Community College (DCCC) under a dual model, in which the students canpursue both associate in applied science (A.A.S.) and B.S. degrees concurrently at DCCCfacilities. In fall 2004, the AET major became

Conference Session

Best Practices in Interdisciplinary Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kari Clase, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

knowledge of life-science-based products and processes.There have been numerous reports of current and projected shortages of human resourcespossessing the required knowledge in the growing industry.4A need exists to prepare students for a global working environment and characteristicssuch as creativity, the ability to work on an interdisciplinary team and transfer newknowledge in innovative ways are necessary. But how do you teach students creativityand innovation? How do you teach students to work effectively and collaborate indiverse groups to solve interdisciplinary problems that tend to be ill-defined? In order tobegin addressing some of these questions, an existing, introductory biotechnology coursewas adapted as an entrepreneurial option for

Conference Session

Design in Manufacturing

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez, Western Michigan University; Mitchel Keil, Western Michigan University; Alamgir Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Sam Ramrattan, Western Michigan University; Pavel Ikonomov, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

important, if not essential, step in the design process. Itis clear that industry and academic institutions are benefiting and will benefit, from the use ofthese technologies. We have presented couple of cases were the use of RP technologies werebeneficial on design projects where industry and university were collaborating. Exposingparticipant students to a more complete design cycle experience and allowing them theutilization of RP equipment realize the benefits in the academic side. In the industrial side, theyrealize the benefits of collaboration with academics by means of senior design projects, becausethey have access to some resources (i.e., equipment, students, faculty) that otherwise would be

Conference Session

International Engineering Education II

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Morteza Sadat-Hossieny

support. From the educator’s point of view,after an initial time-consuming effort, pioneers who use web-based support intensively for theirteaching appreciate being able to: § “Obtain high-quality and well-structured pedagogic material; § Integrate online references that enrich and update their own material; § Facilitate self-learning tasks that help students become actors in their education rather than simple consumers; § Support student collaboration and extended work groups involving foreign students and experts from industry; § Provide ‘learning by doing tools’ such as simulation, virtual laboratories and remote laboratories.” (7)At the international level with open distance learning, each university may

Conference Session

Partnerships in IE Education

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Ratna Babu Chinnam; Joe Nguyen; Jenny Wang-Chavez; Hemalatha Sathya

learning, self-directedweb-based learning, and experiential learning. A single session may have activities that representany of these three components. All the decriptions of the learning activities and resources areprovided via the Greenfield Course Learning System – a database driven web server.Course PlanningThe design and development team for the OM course consisted of a university faculty member (asa subject matter expert), an industry expert, an instructional designer, a programmer, and a mediaspecialist. The design of the course started with collaboration between university faculty andindustry partners to determine course objectives. The course objectives specified what studentswould be able to do after completing the course. Once the

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Jessica Matson; Kenneth Hunter

groups, locations, and periods. Examples of different programs and atypical exercise are included. Initial implementations of programs based on this framework havebeen quite successful, with positive feedback from students, faculty, and industrial advisoryboard members.1. IntroductionCurrent accreditation standards require engineering programs to demonstrate not only that theirgraduates have the appropriate mathematical, scientific, and technical knowledge and skills butalso that they can function in teams1. Results of employer surveys and interviews indicate,however, that the ability to work on a team is an important skill that is lacking in many of today'sengineering graduates2,3. The development of teamwork skills is thus a critical issue

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven L. Cohen; Dennis P. Slevin; David I. Cleland; Kim LaScola Needy; Heather Nachtmann

exercises or discussion of current events from the literature.The course will be co-instructed by a faculty from the Department of Industrial Engineering andfrom the Katz Graduate School of Business. This should significantly enhance the coursedelivery as each faculty member will not only bring forth different experience, but also willpresent the information from a somewhat different perspective. It should be noted that this typeof mutual collaboration is somewhat new at an institution such as the University of Pittsburgh,and is a sign of cooperation and the breaking down of "curriculum ownership walls." It is alsobelieved that the students will benefit by working together with students from perhaps slightlydifferent backgrounds than their own.3.3

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Radha Balamuralikrishna; Clifford Mirman

course in technical or engineering graphics is usually a requirement for students majoring inbut not limited to engineering, engineering technology, architecture or industrial technology.The importance assigned to this course, if any, does seem to vary depending on the specific sub-disciplines within each of these four broad disciplines. For example, a mechanical engineeringcurriculum would place greater emphasis on this course as opposed to electrical and electronicsengineering. Similarly, a curriculum for manufacturing technology would most likely place ahigher priority on engineering graphics than would a safety or industrial distribution curricula.However, it is safe to say that true to the maxim “a picture is worth a thousand words

Conference Session

New Teaching Methods in Construction Eduction

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhili (Jerry) Gao, North Dakota State University; Charles McIntyre, North Dakota State University; Zhi Ge, Shandong University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, visited appropriate projects, and made agreements forproviding current construction data and long-term collaboration. A typical meeting agendaconsisted of the following:  Meet and greet.  Review of Construction Engineering program.  Why is the program is seeking industry collaboration and what is the vision (i.e., why expend the effort and what is the exact nature of the revised program)?  Industry observations on education and skills of graduates entering the industry.  Brain storm ways the industry might provide involvement.  Action items and follow-up schedule.  Project site visit and project data.These companies and their projects covered different types of construction

Conference Session

Implementing Active Learning in Mechanical Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Durwin Engle, Purdue University Calumet; Gregory P. Neff, Purdue University, Calumet (Tech)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #7740MET Senior Projects as a Means of Developing Laboratory Experiments andEquipment for Course LabsProf. Craig Durwin Engle, Purdue University Calumet Craig D. Engle is clinical assistant professor of Mechatronics Engineering Technolgy at Purdue University Calumet in Hammond Indiana. Craig’s industrial experience includes 23 years in the aerospace industry focusing on flight and missile simulations and electro optics system analysis. Craig has submitted ap- poroximately 31 patent applications, received notice of allowance on 24 applications and paid issue fees on seventeen applications resulting in seventeen U