Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 3: Working in Teams

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ed LeRoy Michor, Oregon State University; Susan Bobbitt Nolen, University of Washington; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engagement towards forming engineers?Theoretical FrameworkCritiques of engineering curriculum are not new, with Felder (1987) stating “most engineeringschools are still going about business as usual,” relying on “well-defined problem and singlecorrect answers,” but that “this format has never been shown to be effective at producing thecritical, innovative thinking skills needed to solve difficult technological problems [7].” Even 27years later, a study on creativity in engineering departments found that “even the most exemplaryengineering courses” are lacking important aspects which foster creative problem solving [8]. Itwas found that many engineering programs promoted analysis and evaluation skills, yetprograms did not foster the

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Debartolo, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); James Lucas Daly

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

designto prototype quickly, in order to understand where assumptions may be flawed and unknownelements may stand in the way of project progress: our TC 2. A traditional waterfall approachworks well for well-understood design problems, but the typical capstone model of new clientsand projects each year means projects are not always well-understood.While many capstone programs require the construction of a working prototype, capstonecourses generally also teach design process, making our connection to proposed TC 3. Thecapstone survey [16] reveals how programs balance concerns for product and process in theircapstone projects. “Product” generally represents the actual design outcome, whether that is adetailed design concept or a built prototype

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanics Education

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Don Evans; Gary Gray; Francesco Costanzo; Phillip Cornwell; Brian Self

and the high student scores on the thermodynamics CI. It was generally thought that fur- ther discussion on the issues of validity, reliability, and the use of CIs as formative Page 8.1202.3 or summative tools is needed. Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright c 2003, American Society for Engineering Education 5. A statement of the intent of the CI is needed. A quote from the article by Marchese in “New Conversations about Learning”16 states that “Assessment is a process in which rich, usable, credible feedback from an act of teaching

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eliza Gallagher, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Geoff Potvin, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

courses is akey factor in attrition rates for STEM majors 10 , the teaching preparation of mathematics graduatestudents is a critical issue for improving pathways to success for undergraduate STEMmajors.There have been many laudable programs aimed at improving the professional preparation ofgraduate students and new faculty members, particularly in the STEM disciplines 3,15,17,18 . ThePreparing Future Faculty Initiative by the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) funded multipleprograms with this goal. One outcome of those pilot programs was a specific call for changes inthe preparation of future mathematics and science faculty 24 . More recently, the CGS initiativetook on the narrower focus of preparing future faculty across multiple disciplines to

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Navarun Gupta; Deana DiLuggo; Junling Hu; Abhilasha Tibrewal; Ahmed Elsayed; Theresa Bruckerhoff

not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation.compensate the faculty for credit overload to ensure that thefaculty had the opportunity to serve as teachers of record forthe new course. REFERENCES The research course was designed to address theneeds of all students, especially Hispanic students who may [1] Barkana, B. D., & Badara, I. A., & Gupta, N., & Hu, J., & Mahmood, A. (2023, March), Self-evaluation of the Introduction to Scientific Researchenter UB as engineering

Conference Session

ERM: ERM Medley Session!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yashin Brijmohan, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Heidi Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Engineering Council, and PhD student at University of Nebraska (specializing in Engineering Education).Grace Panther (Assistant Professor) Grace Panther is an Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska Lincoln. She has experience conducting workshops at engineering education conferences and has been a guest editor for a special issue of European Journal of Engineering Education on inclusive learning environments. Her research areas include spatial visualization, material development, faculty discourses on gender, and defining knowledge domains of students and practicing engineers.Heidi Diefes-Dux Heidi A. Diefes-Dux is a Professor in Biological Systems Engineering at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln (UNL). She

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vijay Renganathan, Institute of International Education; Lester Gerhardt, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Peggy Blumenthal, Institute of International Education; Allen Greenwood, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

International

competent” graduates who are able to functioneffectively in the global marketplace and provide leadership in the international arena.The approaches of different types of institutions to implement this vision vary widelyand are still evolving. But the direction is clear and is reinforced by a growingcommitment to this same goal within various agencies at the federal and state level,and through the professional and regional accrediting agencies.The issue is especially challenging for engineering schools, where the curriculum istightly focused on acquiring a set of technical skills and where faculty havetraditionally not seen much value in sending students abroad for an internationalexperience. Referring to the Open Doors 2007 report and Figures 1 and

Conference Session

Cognitive Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allyson Jo Barlow, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Benjamin David Lutz, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, conceptual change and development, school- to-work transitions for new engineers, and efforts for inclusion and diversity within engineering. His current work explores how students describe their own learning in engineering design and how that learn- ing supports transfer of learning from school into professional practice as well as exploring students’ conceptions of diversity and its importance within engineering fields. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Student Perspectives on Cognitive Engagement: Preliminary Analysis from the Course Social and Cognitive Engagement SurveysAbstractThe following is a research paper centered around the discovery of the meaning of

Conference Session

Horizontal and Vertical Integration

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea L. Welker, Villanova University; Kristin M. Sample-Lord, Villanova University; Joseph Robert Yost, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

critical aspects of being a civil engineer. Furthermore, many of the graduates from Villanova University work for or own consulting firms and need to understand how they add value to their company, their customers, and society.  Faculty are naturally entrepreneurial: they write grants and successfully convince others to sponsor their work, build research teams, communicate the results broadly, find creative ways to teach new material, and make connections to other classes in the curriculum.The literature provides several examples and case studies of implementation of EML intoengineering curriculums1, 2, 3; however, the literature is sparser on the implementation of EMLinto Civil Engineering curriculums. This

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Design in the First Year

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorraine Francis, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; David John Orser, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Kia Bazargan, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Susan Mantell, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Joshua M. Feinberg, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Russell J. Holmes, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

course that brings exciting, newtechnologies and skills to a first-year PBL course with the aim of enhancing engagement andproviding an authentic multidisciplinary, creative design process that includes student-proposedprojects. At the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, a large R1 research institution, an effort todevelop engagement, community and connections between freshmen and faculty began with thedevelopment of a required, one-credit first semester course. This course covers topics importantto all new university students – selecting a major, exploring extracurricular opportunities, writinga resume, appreciating diversity and understanding ethics – and for three years it was expandedto add a faculty co-instructor, who led a small

Conference Session

Nuclear and Radiological Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Trevor D. McLaughlin, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

affairs.The purpose of the Operation Persian Gold case study in the curriculum was to contribute to ABET EACstudent outcome (h): “attain the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineeringsolutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context.”3 The case study was a groupexercise. The participating population was a diverse makeup of college seniors across all academicdisciplines, including the humanities and social sciences. The multi-discipline composition of the group1 Aldridge, M.D., “Professional Practice: A Topic for Engineering Research and Instruction,” Journal of EngineeringEducation, vol. 83, no. 3, July 1994, p.232.2 Raju, P.K., and C.S. Sankar, ”Teaching Real-World Issues Through Case Studies,” Journal of

Collection

2003 GSW

Authors

Ronald E. Barr; Thomas J. Krueger; Ted A Aanstoos

the underlying objective of the course is to teach the modern design processusing an integrated series of computer graphics exercises.No single course could realistically contribute significant improvement to all ten ME programoutcomes. So there is some “halo effect” in these student ratings. For example, there was littlecourse content on contemporary issues and global impact (outcome 10), even though the studentsrated it at a 30.7% improvement. Nonetheless, this survey raised an awareness in the students’minds concerning all the intellectual issues that ME faculty deem important during the students’undergraduate engineering studies. That awareness is certainly of benefit to the ME freshmen. Proceedings of the 2003

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Robert Merrill, Rochester Institute of Technology; James Scudder, Rochester Institute of Technology; John Stratton, Rochester Institute of Technology; George Sutherland, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

from Cornell University. He was a Licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and was the faculty advisor for the RIT Model Railroad Club. Sadly, Jim passed away before this paper was completed. His co-authors will miss him dearly.John Stratton, Rochester Institute of Technology John A. Stratton, PE, is Professor of Electrical/Mechanical Engineering Technology at the Rochester Institute of Technology and has served as the chair of two departments and as Associate Dean over the last several years. John is Past Chair of the St. Lawrence Section of ASEE. He was the first President of Tau Alpha Pi if ASEE, Inc. John has published several papers for the ASEE and the IEEE.George

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Muench P.E., University of Washington; Ashley Ann Thompson, University of Washington/PCS Structural Solutions; Sheryl Brandalik

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

commonlyaccepted method of showing such contributions. With this in mind, we set out to design anddeliver a study abroad program composed from learning theory that would specifically appeal toengineering students, overcome their typical barriers to participation, and contribute to ABETstudent learning outcomes.This paper describes the motivation, key development elements, and outcomes for this course,titled Engineering Rome, which was delivered for the first time in 2013. Course outcomes aremeasured by student surveys and feedback comments and analysis is specifically tailored toaddress the following three questions: 1. To what extent did the framework of this course (time frame, subject matter, location) address issues that often impede students

Conference Session

ERM WIP II: Equity & Accessibility in Engineering Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nyna Jaye DeWitt, University of Georgia; Animesh Paul, University of Georgia; Racheida S Lewis, University of Georgia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

developed to emphasize JEDI aspects related to infrastructure.This was done to educate students on historical examples of infrastructure issues, so they are notrepeated in the future. Murray and Kwaczala also utilized workshops to enhance the integration ofJEDI principles in a first-year engineering design course [15]. The authors used a design foradditive manufacturing (DfAM) workshop to engage students in historical and cultural themes.Student perceptions of the workshop were measured through Computer Aided Design (CAD)module outcomes and workshop pre- and post-surveys. The overarching goal for the abstracts thatused workshops, is to prompt both students and faculty to consider JEDI principles in either theirteachings, coursework, or future

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Stephen R. Hoffmann, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University; Ranjani Lakshman Rao, Brian Lamb School of Communication, Purdue University; Abigail R. Jahiel, Illinois Wesleyan University; Thomas P. Seager, Arizona State University; Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, Purdue University RANJANI RAO is a doctoral student in Organizational Communication in the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University. She earned her masters in Media, Technology and Society from the same department in 2008. Prior to joining Purdue, Ranjani worked as a journalist with Indo-Asian News Service in New Delhi, India after obtaining her BA (Honours) in Economics from Delhi University and Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi. Ranjani’s research explorations in communication have included careers in the context of immigration, media and family communication, work-family dynamics and qualitative research methods in engineering

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Susan J. Ely, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

-existing mental health issues in 83% of respondents [5]. Another study reportedhigh levels of anxiety and specific fears of inadequate progress in their academic studies [6].Additional concerns over health, finances, future employment and family members contribute tosymptoms of anxiety and depression in students [6], [7] leading to lower mental wellbeing andhigher rates of abuse of alcohol [7].These issues may not have immediate resolution, as campus continue the COVID-19 protocolsestablished during the spring of 2020. At one midwestern campus, courses being planned for thefall remain hybrid with socially distant seating and many support systems remain virtual orsynchronous using Zoom technologies. Understanding the immediate impact on women

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Retention and Bridge Programs #1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeremiah Abiade, University of Illinois at Chicago; Joanne Moliski, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

to themas long as they are UIC students.For the non-therapeutic content, the research team leaned heavily into the work being done bythe Office for Research on Student Success, particularly a tool called Non-Cognitive Profiles(Appendix). The percentages to the right reflect all students who participated in the survey. Forparticipating students, the areas of highest concern were identified as the student’s likelihood toseek help/view help-seeking as non-intimidating and the student’s confidence that s/he willbelong in college. To address the academic help-seeking, the research team attempted tonormalize interactions with professors, which can often be intimidating to new students. Anengineering faculty member either lead or co-facilitated

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Debartolo, Rochester Institute of Technology; Wade Lee Robison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

. Mitigating that risk is also an ethical enterprise: how can the rest of the team andthe faculty fully engage a team member who is already at odds with other members of the team,and how are they to do that in a way that allows all the members of the team to emerge from thedifficulty with their dignity intact and a renewed willingness to complete the task as a team?Failure to consider the ethical aspects of risks, in terms of cause, effect, or mitigation strategyputs us at risk of not preparing students to be aware of the ways in which unethical decisions aremade [6].The new instructional content is an online module where students watch videos from, or relatedto, prior senior design teams at RIT and then identify risks for the example projects and

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Salzman, Boise State University; Rick Ubic, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

and RET programs.Placing summer research participants in larger research groups can also assist with the mentoringneeds of all participants, and provide graduate students and postdoctoral scholars the opportunityto develop experience as supervisors and mentors. Lack of sufficient access to faculty memberswas a common issue identified by several of the participants. Developing clear expectations offaculty supervisors on the amount of time they need to spend with their undergraduate andteacher researchers, and clear expectations among participants in how often they should expect tomeet with their supervisors can also help to alleviate these kinds of problems.Another challenge associated with REU/RET program concerned identifying

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks - Session II

Collection

2015 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Sigrid -- Berka, University of Rhode Island; Emily Ann Serman, University of Rhode Island; Megan Mercedes Echevarria, University of Rhode Island; Lars O. Erickson, University of Rhode Island; Silke A. Scholz; Anette Geithner

Tagged Topics

International Forum

could alternatively earn credits for LET 151 - Contemporary France (3 credits),focusing on institutions, traditions and issues in France today by examining French identity andanalyzing its foundation.Sometimes students participating in faculty-led programs have the rare occasion to witnesshistory in the making as had this group which happened to be in Compiègne, the location of ourFrench IEP partner university Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC) during theJanuary Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks and the attack on a Jewish supermarket, and then had theopportunity to walk along with French natives during the rallies in solidarity with the victims andwith the right to free speech.xvi The mixture of first highly frightening news followed by

Conference Session

Assessing Social Responsibility & Sustainability

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University; Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Mikhail Russu

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

, students seem to bepositively influenced by discussions of ethics, as well as sustainability and environmental issues.Students seem responsive to project-based and service learning pedagogies as tools to help theirsocial responsibility development. Encouragingly, students also cited both course topics as wellas individuals who, sometimes tangentially, brought issues related to social responsibility intotheir courses. Finally, there is space for engineering faculty to build upon the positive influencesthat students are experiencing in courses outside of engineering, so that students can take thosemessages and relate them more concretely to their professional views of social responsibility.These results show student perceptions of course influences

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Technical Session 3: Student Success

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Samuel Garcia, Texas State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

, and graduate schoolacceptance. Nonetheless, the desire to attain a competitive grade-point-average may lead tonegative psychosocial effects such as increased mental exertion, physical exhaustion, anxiety, andoverall lack of work-life balance. In this paper, the authors extend their prior study on the impactof grades in engineering education. The first study was conducted in the spring of 2019 at a tierone, small private research university in Texas with the intention of understanding the mindset ongrades before, during, and at the end of the semester. The study extended herein aims to explorethe emotional and academic impact grades have on engineering undergraduate students in aminority-serving institution, and further understand the issues

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Campbell R Bego P.E., University of Louisville; Patricia A. Ralston, University of Louisville; Angela Thompson P.E., University of Louisville; Adrienne Parsons, University of Louisville; Gale J. Crush, University of Louisville, Speed Scientific School

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

similar teaching styles.In Fall 2016, during the first stages of the re-design, two junior faculty members were added, and everyone waslearning and sharing experiences. All four were in general agreement about all class activities and assessments (thathad not been modified), however, were adjusting to the changed format as well as building the class activities onlya few days ahead. There was not much time for reflection during the semester.In Fall 2017, a junior faculty member replaced one of the original instructors on the DE team. In the summer of2017, the three junior faculty members attended a 2-day institute on active learning. The institute challenged themto explore new learning spaces and to strive for more student-student collaboration

Conference Session

Engineering Programs and Institutional Factors

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kiara Lynn Steinhorst, University of Nevada, Reno ; Kelsey Scalaro, University of Nevada, Reno; Rachael Ciara Young; Indira Chatterjee, University of Nevada, Reno; Ann-Marie Vollstedt, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

recommending it to the cohort participants is an example of instrumentalsocial capital. When asked about how the program had helped Pam during her first semester, sheresponded by highlighting how the different people behind the program helped her: [My faculty mentor]encouraged me and Kelly to join SWE and go on their trip to New Orleans. So that's a super fun future plan. [Graduate Student], I love talking to you about how you did industry, came back, and got your Masters, because that’s always something that was in my head. So just hearing different people’s… what they did, what their journey was, and trying to relate that to what I want to do. So the connections are just something that is amazing that not

Collection

ASEE 2021 Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, Rice University; Samuel Garcia Jr., NASA EPDC

students with a hard and quick due date.” “I believe this was very helpful in alleviating and not causing any additional stress.”Additionally, one student recognized and noted the significance of additional time to completecoursework by acknowledging the both the academic and social/familial impact of the COVID-19pandemic. “I feel that extended submission times are almost a necessity for online learning, given Wi-Fi issues and problems that might arise with sick family members.”Based on the responses collected, increased time to complete assignments and exams was wellreceived and appreciated by the students. As students navigated through this new learning format,the pedagogical supports implemented by the professor proactively

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Diana de la Rosa-Pohl; Catherine Horn

Statistics, 2017). However, just a fewyears later African American students were earning only 4% of the engineering degrees and lessthan 12% of degrees in each of the science and mathematics fields. At that same time Hispanics Proceedings of the 2020 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Copyright  2020, American Society for Engineering Education 2accounted for only 10% of the engineering degrees and less than 15% of science and mathematicsdegrees.For URM students from low-income families, the financial hardships create an additional drag onretention rates. Students from low-income

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Alexander IV, Tuskegee University; Vimal Kumar Viswanathan, Tuskegee University; Shraddha Sangelkar, Pennsylvania State University, Erie; Johnathan Moody, Pennsylvania State College, Erie

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

theentire group, including the faculty, we discussed about each concept to arrive at a final design.The final concept was developed with many new exciting features. The material of the finaldesign is made of aluminum 7068 alloy for being lightweight. We decided to use an aluminumalloy instead of the steel material that was previously used. The original weight of the GoatWrench was approximately 2 lbs. using the density of steel (7850 kg/m3) and the density ofaluminum 7068 (2800 kg/m3) we can expect that the weight will decrease by 64 % toapproximately 0.7 lbs. When selecting an aluminum alloy, it is important to not compromise theintegrity of the structure. This tool will be subjected to impact loading due to the hammerfunction. It is important

Conference Session

POTPOURRI

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

theburden on the faculty to come up with more new questions. An instructor at a large publicuniversity in the West told us, Without a large test data bank students team and eventually have a printed copy of all exam questions. Again, good for covering material but not really good for an individual assessment.In summary, there is wide concern over the integrity of online exams. Problems can bemitigated, though not eliminated, by proctoring the exam. But as will be seen in Section 4,most students do not believe that OBOW exams are more susceptible to cheating than paperexams. Page 15.927.12Proceedings of the 2010 American

Conference Session

Enhancing Engineering Math with Technology

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Aaron Titus; Guoqing Tang

responses, and a summary ofresults at any time.WebAssign fits the profile of an ideal Web-based testing and evaluation system [4, 10, 15, 16].Features provided by WebAssign enable us to follow at least five principles of the “SevenPrinciples of Good Practices for Undergraduate Education”: emphasizing time on task,encouraging contact between students and faculty, developing reciprocity and cooperationamong students, encouraging active learning, and giving prompt feedback.3. Creating well-structured questionsTo effectively evaluate students’ understanding of basic concepts and assess their problem-solving skills, well-structured content-oriented questions have to be created first by instructors.One concern for using a web-based homework management