Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg L. Saylor, University of Cincinnati; Anant R. Kukreti, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

moredifficult freshman year mathematics and science courses (such as Calculus and Physics). An S-STEM learning community is also created in the Engineering Foundations course that allstudents are required to enroll in during their freshman year. Refer to Section 2.4 for moreinformation on this learning community. Student to faculty relationships are often neglected,especially among freshman, many of whom are too timid to directly approach faculty membersfor help with academic or personal issues. The FSSP program aims to bring students and facultycloser together through the implementation of a course progress reporting system. This reportingsystem requires students to meet with each of their course instructors two times during eachsemester and have a

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Technical Session 7 - Multi-URM Perspectives

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janne Mishanne Hall, Morgan State University; Temberlenn Donald Ashton Hall, Northwestern Oklahoma State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

Paper ID #43087Undergraduate Engineering Education: Creating Space for Multiply MarginalizedStudentsDr. Janne Mishanne Hall, Morgan State University Dr. Janne Hall is an adjunct at Morgan State University and Texas Southern University. She teaches undergraduate electrical and computer engineering courses. She is also a committee member for the implementation of new engineering programs and curriculums for existing programs. Dr. Hall earned a BS in electronic engineering and a MS in computer science from Texas Southern University, and a PhD in electrical engineering from Jackson State University. Dr. Hall worked as a RF

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES) Technical Session 5: Decoloniality and Indigenous Knowledges

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amani A AL-Mqadma, Islamic University of Gaza; Bill Guariento, University of Northumbria; Caroline Burns, Northumbria University; Rachid Khoumikham, Northumbria University Newcastle/ and The University of Essex ; Hatem A Elaydi, Islamic University of Gaza

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

], looked at engineering project-work aimed at improving language skills,combining engineering students in the UK with peers in Gaza, an area which is facingdaunting politico-humanitarian challenges. This research looks again at issues relating to thelanguage of learning and teaching in the UK and Gaza, but this time focuses specifically onthe experiences of female engineering faculty. A ‘Story Circles’ methodology [2] wasadopted, in combination with follow-up focus groups. In these safe spaces, practicessurrounding the use of English in engineering were explored, allowing academics to compareapproaches and experiences. Though the study has been interrupted by the current war,results to date suggest that there are many more similarities than

Conference Session

Assessment and Continuous Improvement in Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Braun, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

issues that must be overcome to reduce automotive emissionsto near-zero levels and the opposing goals that must be balanced to do so. Various tools wereemployed beginning in term 1 and continuing when the course was taught a second time, term 2,to assess the level of student interest in the topic of emissions control, demonstrated studentlearning, as well as the teaching effectiveness of the faculty. This paper chronicles thosemethods and how they were applied to systematically transform this course.Pre-course tests were administered on the first day of class in each term. The content of the pre-course test during the first term was skewed heavily towards the historical content of the courseas it had been presented previously. Student surveys

Conference Session

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) Topics in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Michael Korman P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

University in Construction Engineering and Management focused on design-construction integration. With teaching responsibilities in both the civil engineering and construction management departments, Dr. Korman has instructed courses on Construc- tion Drawings & Specifications, Concrete Technology and Formwork, Heavy Civil Construction Methods, Residential Construction Methods, and Building Systems. He has work worked for several public agen- cies, consulting engineering firms, and construction companies before joining the faculty at Cal Poly in 2005. He has designed civil infrastructure projects with an emphasis on capital improvement projects for roadways, parks and recreation facilities, and water and sewer

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Tom Mase

theconcerns spring from both student and professor issues. First, a non-uniform design experienceis unavoidable. For instance, students working on the material characterization had a differentexperience than those who used their information to model the engine decking bar. Second, a lotof time outside the classroom is spent which is a concern for the students and instructor. Again,an example comes from the decking bar project. The professor has a tremendous demand onhis/her time when students are working on projects in the photoelasticity, computer, andmaterials laboratories. At GMI, these laboratories are on different floors and at different ends ofthe building. Use of these diverse facilities also takes cooperation from faculty colleagues for

Conference Session

Centering Black Experiences in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fantasi Nicole, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

programs. Insights from this work could inform the adoptionof new practices and policies that support and position faculty, staff, and administrators infostering inclusive, non-harmful, liberatory experiences for all students, and especially thehistorically marginalized. Therefore, we seek to answer the following overarching researchquestion:What are the various ways that Black womxn experience spirit-murdering in their engineering doctoral programs?Using a subset of the initial homegirl conversations for a larger dissertation study, we use thetheoretical framing of Black feminist thought [17] and a composite narrative [18] to understandand depict the varying ways that spirit-murdering manifests in the lives of

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Effective Teaching 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Momanyi, William Paterson University; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

, faculty and institutional services woven intoa course's structure [2]. The function of a learning community in the higher education classroomis to facilitate a culture of collaborative learning between students and instructors in theuniversity setting. Learning communities encourage a joint effort to solve problems as acommunity, with every member being given the opportunity to contribute their expertise, gainnew perspectives, and work together to discover new ways of thinking and understanding [2].Moreover, the presence of a learning community facilitates a sense of belonging in students,where belonging is defined as the “degree to which an individual feels respected, valued,accepted, and needed by a defined group” and identified as a “key

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Focusing on Student Success

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory Brozina, Youngstown State University; Aditya Johri, George Mason University; Nazanin Naderi, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

department of Information Sciences & Technology. Dr. Johri studies the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for learning and knowledge shar- ing, with a focus on cognition in informal environments. He also examine the role of ICT in supporting distributed work among globally dispersed workers and in furthering social development in emerging economies. He received the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Early Career Award in 2009. He is co-editor of the Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research (CHEER) published by Cam- bridge University Press, New York, NY. Dr. Johri earned his Ph.D. in Learning Sciences and Technology Design at Stanford University and a B.Eng. in Mechanical Engineering at

Conference Session

Making Headway: Two-year/Four-year Curriculum Alignment and Also U-G Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., University of Texas, Tyler; Mary Eileen Smith, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board; Martha M. Ellis

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

the SAFE Association. Prior to receiving his Ph.D. in 1983, Nelson worked as a Design Engineer in industry and taught as an Adjunct Professor at the University of Houston and Texas A&M University, Galveston. In industry, he was primarily involved in design of floating and fixed structures for the offshore petroleum industry. After receiving his Ph.D., Nelson joined the civil engineering faculty at Texas A&M University. He joined the civil engineering faculty at Clemson University in 1989 as Program Director and Founder of the Clemson University Graduate Engineering programs at the Citadel and became Chair of Civil Engineering in 1998. In July 2002, Nelson joined the faculty at Western Michigan University as

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Joseph D. Torres; Tom Cummings

Solving and AppliedMatrix Theory. Many of the problems for the course are selected from freshman and sophomore Page 5.454.6engineering texts. Figure 3, above, is an example of a typical circuits problem given to MEMSSummer Bridge students at the end of the Applied Matrix Section of the course.UNM faculty and professional engineers from industry teach the hands-on workshops. Everyyear since Summer 1994, Dr. Kenneth Kraft from Lucent Technologies, gives a one-weekworkshop in which students study, design and put together a radio. Dr. Gerstle, faculty in theDepartment of Civil Engineering at the University of New Mexico, teaches

Conference Session

Experiences in Engineering Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marybeth Lima, Louisiana State University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

isover, the faculty member in charge of the Playground Project works with a committed studentteam and the school community to consolidate the designs developed for each school into one,and to procure funds to build the playground, usually through a volunteer build process.Approximately 33% of students enrolled in the course volunteer to build the playground that theydesigned on paper. These efforts have resulted in 28 local playgrounds being constructed thatserve approximately 10,000 children every school day. In this paper, the author will (1) presentthe service-learning model used to develop this course, including how this model evolved overtime to better meet both student and community needs, (2) share pertinent data, includingcommunity

Conference Session

Student Preparation for, and Outcomes from, Community Engagement Efforts

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Budny P.E., University of Pittsburgh; Sina Arjmand, University of Pittsburgh; David V.P. Sanchez, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

, it was concluded the best way to meet safety requirements andmanage the related issues was to create a one-credit course that would be added into the existingsenior design course. Therefore, students could register for the standard senior design, within anyengineering department, without any changes to the syllabus and course requirements for theCapstone course. Registration for the additional course could cover fees, insurance, and otherexpenses related to Study Abroad requirements. By using this two-course sequence, the needs ofthe senior design course and globalization required by ABET can be met with one projectspanning two different courses.Designing New Service Learning Projects based on our Previous International ExperiencesDuring

Conference Session

Writing and Communication I

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Elisa Linsky; Gunter Georgi

, such as the overall health of the client, humanitarian or social needs, or the need for innovation in a competitive marketplace. Pathos must be carefully targeted to your perception of the client. If the client is a large corporation, ideas of efficiency and savings might excite feelings of pathos. If the client is a consumer, however, issues of quality and safety might be better. Remember that there is plenty of crossover potential: if you think that a client’s primary concern is cost savings, for instance, you may be able to generate a feeling of pathos by reminding the client that there are human beings involved in the process as well. Sometimes the most effective way to create an emotional response is to embrace the

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Steve Rothberg; Phil Barker; Aruna Palipana; Fiona Lamb

Session 2793 Developing a Standardised Evaluation Methodology for Computer Based Learning Materials Aruna Palipana, Phil Barker, Steve Rothberg, Fiona Lamb Faculty of Engineering, Loughborough University, UK / Institute of Computer Based Learning, Heriot-Watt University, UK / Faculty of Engineering, Loughborough University, UK / Faculty of Engineering, Loughborough University, UKAbstractThe UK-based EASEIT-Eng project (http://www.easeit-eng.ac.uk/) aims to encourage orenhance the usage of existing engineering computer-based learning materials by

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Todd, Brigham Young University; Christopher Mattson, Brigham Young University; Gregg Warnick, Brigham Young University; Ryan Dymock, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

not hands-on enough," and a "new Carnegie report...reinforcesthose warnings.” The report indicates "that a widespread emphasis on theory overpractice...discourages many potential students while leaving graduates with too little exposure to Page 14.115.3real-world problems and ethical dilemmas." While "millions of dollars" have been offered"through a coalition of universities to try to break up old styles of teaching," many schools "stillcouldn't overcome the 'cultural issue of change' among faculty members." There have been somesuccesses, however. Georgia Tech's biomedical engineering program uses a "problem-basedapproach" that "helps

Conference Session

Teaching Engineering and Public Policy

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Gillespie, Rowan University; Krishan Bhatia, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for practice Page 13.1060.4The Clean Energy ProgramIn recent years, the state of New Jersey has strived to promote clean energy and energyefficiency throughout the state. For the engineering faculty, these goals presented an opportunityto develop a Junior/Senior Engineering Clinic project with many pedagogically desirableattributes.The main objective of the CEP is to remove barriers that might otherwise prevent consumersfrom adopting clean energy technologies—specifically energy efficiency technology and windpower; or barriers that prevent consumers from making sound choices

Conference Session

Mentorship in Engineering Leadership Development

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Nakamura, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Department of Mechanical Engineering; Corrisa Heyes, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Joseph J. Brown Ph.D., University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division (LEAD)

students planning their own goals, within asupervised environment, helps to support students’ motivation and buy-in for the work plan, andalso supports accountability and more realistic planning when the students fall short of the goalsthey set for themselves.Conflict resolution occurs hierarchically within the group. Smaller challenges, such as workloaddistribution or communication issues, are initially addressed by the immediate mentor. Forexample, undergraduate students raise concerns with their master’s student mentor, and master’sstudents consult their PhD mentor. If an issue remains unresolved, it is elevated to the advisor,who acts as the final arbiter and mediator for significant challenges. This structure ensures thatconflicts are

Conference Session

DSAI Technical Session 1: K–12 and Early Exposure to Data Science and AI

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faiza Zafar, Rice University; Carolyn Nichol, Rice University; Matthew Cushing, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DSAI) Constituent Committee

additionalfeatures in their platform, such as a calendar and mobile access, which would be ideal forstudents who prefer not to sit at a computer and instead want the convenience of managing tasksand chatting on their phones. Although the students did not voice any concerns regarding ethics or privacy concerns, itis important to keep these two issues in mind at all times. Thus, the recommendations fordevelopers of AI-powered platforms are to keep the needs of the students at the forefront,including helping them understand privacy concerns and how the data is handled in easy terms,continue advertising the program, and share the positive and negative aspects of the usage of theAI-powered counseling services [20].Limitations This study has several

Conference Session

Manufacturing Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel P. Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Rebecca Dobbs, Rochester Institute of Technology; Changfeng Ge, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

of Editor-In-Chief, Journal of Applied Packaging Research, US. His research in- terest include: Packaging Performance Prediction using mathematic modeling ,barrier packaging material development and transport packaging design. Page 22.211.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Anti-Counterfeiting Technology in Product Design and Manufacturing: An Opportunity for Engineering Technology ProgramsIntroduction:Counterfeit products have drawn considerable attention in recent years as a consumer problemand crime of growing concern. When considering the issue of counterfeit

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton; Melissa Rose Taylor, University of Dayton; Ahsan Mian, Wright State Unviersity; Sandra M Preiss, Dayton Regional STEM Center; Leanne Petry, Central State University; M. Suzanne Franco

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

researchprojects at three universities. Additionally, the teams worked collaboratively to develop inquiry-based and innovation-centered curriculum. The experience was enhanced through a one-weekimmersive materials boot camp that was held in conjunction with the ASM Materials Camp.Additionally, the participants engaged in materials and manufacturing related field trips andlectures. Currently, the teacher participants are engaging in significant follow-on activities.Qualitative data suggest that the pilot program was successful at developing collaborativerelationships with university faculty, other teachers and engineering professionals. Programparticipants also attained new content knowledge regarding engineering, materials andmanufacturing as well as

Conference Session

Hands-On Projects and Demos

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Butterfield, University of Utah; Katrina My Quyen Le, AMES High School; Kerry Kelly, University of Utah; Pascal Goffin, University of Utah; Thomas Becnel, University of Utah ; Pierre-Emmanuel GAILLARDON, University of Utah

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

likely considerchemical engineering for their profession. Free-form responses were also collected from a biotechnology course and an ELL(English Language Learner) science course (comments were translated from Spanish).Approximately 90% of the comments could be categorized as positive, primarily focusing ontheir appreciation for 1. gaining new knowledge about air quality, 2. learning through a hands-onactivity, 3. connecting to a community health concern, and 4. interacting with the AirU outreachteam. All negative comments (10%) focused on confusion on how to proceed with the activities,which may be expected with an open-ended hands-on project. Of the classrooms engaged by this CS project in the 2016-2017 academic year, over 80%of

Conference Session

Public Policy in Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin S. High, Oklahoma State University; Joseph M. Nowakowski, Muskingum University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

degree (J.D.) from the University of Tulsa.Joseph M. Nowakowski, Muskingum University Joe Nowakowski is Professor of Economics at Muskingum University in New Concord, Ohio. His teach- ing areas include international economics and business, and he has published in the areas of efficiency analysis, economic development and education. He attended Occidental College, the Universitaet des Saarlandes and Duke University, where he earned his bachelors degree. He earned his doctorate at the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. He has served as a visiting faculty member at Interameri- cana University, San German, Puerto Rico; University of Castilla - La Mancha, Toledo, Spain and LCC International University

Conference Session

Discussions on Research Methodology: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sang Eun Woo, Purdue University; Qin Zhu, Purdue University; Kavitha D Ramane, Purdue University ; Neha Choudhary, Purdue University Programs

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

control problem. However, you are concerned that the proposedsolution will fail. Consider these possible actions: a) Have the entire team approach the manager together. b) Bring up your concerns in the meeting. c) Set aside your concerns and follow the manager’s lead. d) Discuss the issue with the manager later, in a private meeting. e) Consult your Chinese team members about appropriate actions to take. f) Discuss your concerns with a higher-ranking manager.Which of these actions (a-f) would you MOST likely take? Which of these actions (a-f) wouldyou LEAST likely take? Figure 1. Sample/Pilot SJT Question for Global Engineering CompetencyThe literature and empirical data collected during this phase of research has served two

Conference Session

Aerospace Teaching and Learning II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan M. Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marilyn Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brian German, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dolores S. Krausche, Florida Center for Engineering Education; Erian A. Armanios, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

university-industry collaboration. Through workshop sessions and mentoring, faculty are guided through the assessment process to meet program educational objectives and achieve best practices following ABET’s Engineering Criteria 2000. As a consultant, she has contributed to the University of Florida’s MAE program by conducting numerous assessments and comparative gap analyses, based on the Department’s database as well as ratings and data from the ”US News & World Report,” American Society for Engineering Education and the Aerospace Department Chair’s Association. She has also conducted a faculty mentoring program with the objectives of supporting and validating an instructor’s effort to enhance teaching methods

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan L. Solnosky, P.E., Pennsylvania State University; Moses Ling, P.E., Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural Engineering Division (ARCHE)

additional intended outcome that is not as easily measurable is that “Foggy Mirror” presents anopportunity for intense engagement between the students and faculty through multiple iteration ofgrading/feedback.Class Containing the Experiment Foggy Mirror is the first AE student exposure to experimentation within the program. It is alsoviewed as a rite of passage. Here, “Foggy Mirror” is deployed in AE 202 within Penn State’s AE program.AE 202 is titled “Introduction of Architectural Engineering Concepts” and centers on introductory AEconcepts such as psychrometry. The typical student cohort for AE 202 consists of 110 to 120 students whichare roughly 60% second year students and 40% new-to-the-major third year students. Approximately 5%of the

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia Travaglini, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Swetha Nittala, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

wastroubleshooting, which students also shared as a topic of concern, with keywords such as ‘debug’and ‘help’. Figure 4: Pre-course survey keyword cloud of student responses on how they expected kits to support their learningThe post-course survey results showed a strong increase in student responses on debugging, withkeywords such as ‘troubleshooting’, with many themes on the time and challenges students facedresolving technical issues with the components and software. Students noted the importance ofdesigning the course to fit with the scale of the debugging tasks, and the impact on the coursedesign. This echoed the instructors’ focus on the need to redesign assignments to accommodatethe challenges of working with

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Gordon W. Romney; Paul D. Juneau

is fully encrypted by military grade cryptography. The certificate issued tothe user is only accessible out of the vault under password control as it is called up by thebrowser.4.0 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCHThe defined Problem was to design and implement a useable two-factor authentication processfor use by small enterprises and on the SOET WebPortal by less than one thousand faculty,staff, and students. The Learning Objectives of developing the solution to this problem in anagile manner in keeping with Agile Project Management were met most satisfactorily by thestudent team as workarounds to “glitches” were effectively implemented. Additionally, the teamdemonstrated a mature approach to dealing with client user modifications to the

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Margaret Pinnell; Carl Eger

the ETHOS program came from a variety of sourcesincluding The University of Dayton’s Honors/Scholars Program and New Engineer Program,Center for Social Concern, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and various Page 10.216.6Marianist Communities on campus. Soil Enrichment Haulers served as a corporate sponsor for Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Educationthe ETHOS program. Students and the ETHOS administration also requested financial supportfrom family and friends to help

Conference Session

ME Division 4: Broadening Participation and Building Resilience

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander John De Rosa, University of Delaware; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware; Amy Trauth, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

use our engineering makerspace. We compare and contrast the perceptions andexperiences of women, URMs and the majority White male student population with the aim ofaddressing how, and under what conditions, women and URMs perceive and experiencemakerspaces differently. Our goal is to use empirical evidence to develop new policies andtraining protocols to improve the culture and climate within our makerspace for female andURM students. We anticipate the outcomes of this study will provide implications for faculty andstaff makerspaces at other postsecondary institutions who aim to build an inclusive andaccessible learning environment for all students.MethodologyData for this investigation were collected using an online survey instrument