Conference Session

Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kaylee A Dunnigan, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering; Amy Dunford, New York University Tandon School of Engineering; Jack Bringardner, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. PBL experiences in engineering design education are essential forstudents to understand the interrelated nature of engineering design activities throughout thedesign process.While all phases of the engineering design process are interconnected and experiencedcollectively in PBL courses and activities, some aspects of the engineering design process may beemphasized more than others. For instance, it is not typical for students to iterate, i.e., buildingmultiple prototypes within the limits of academic terms. The academic calendar restricts theentire design cycle into a period of weeks or months, something which is often much longer inengineering practice, up to years and decades.The brainstorming phase of design (also referred to as idea

Conference Session

EM Program Design

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary A. Viola, School of Engineering, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

(with distinction) from the Illinois Institute of Technology. He has extensive experience as an engineer, manager, and entrepreneur, and is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Director, Engineering Management Programs Professor of the Practice Mary Adams Viola is currently the Director of Engineering Management at Tufts Gordon Institute. She designs and delivers innovative courses in leadership development, with an emphasis on innovation and working across cultures. Prior to the Gordon Institute, Dr. Viola spent twenty years at Polaroid Corp. There, as Director of R&D, she was responsible for managing new technology platforms, requiring col- laboration between other technology and

Conference Session

Studies in Engineering Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessie Marshall Zarazaga, Southern Methodist University, Lyle School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

been purposefullyselected in order to test the value of this methodology as an introduction to design-processes forearly stages in the engineering curriculum. However, such a population also imposes limits onthe results. It would be interesting to test student responses were these same tools to beintroduced to, say, final year civil engineering students or to those with GIS expertise but littledesign experience.This paper chooses to focus specifically on the extent to which certain tools and teachingmethodologies allowed students to improve specific design skills including design confidence,openness to iterative practices and self-understanding of their design process. What the studyhas not tested is the effect that these processes and tools

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Nelson, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

focusedon bringing together students in a truly multidisciplinary setting, spanning across colleges. Page 13.253.2Ethnographic studies are anthropological tools used especially within the social sciences forunderstanding the world view of a group of subjects. Recent efforts within engineeringeducation have focused on drawing in qualitative research methodologies from the socialsciences, including ethnographic observation8,9. Past ethnographic studies on engineering designeducation focused on understanding student motivation and adoption of taught designprinciples10. One study into design education developed verbal protocols for studying the

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Fleisig, McMaster University; Harry Mahler, Ontario College of Art and Design; Vladimir Mahalec, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

environment is needed from that of office-cubicle/boardroom workspace 25. To be able to find the opportunities requires a more enlightenedapproach where students are comfortable using their imagination to explore possibilities withoutpenalty or fear of negative repercussions. Thus appropriate grading schemes, work spaces, andclass lesson plans have been designed to encourage creativity.ConclusionsExploring the interplay between society, technology, economy to create innovation must be thegoal of leadership education in engineering. Without understanding of that interplay, innovationbecomes not unachievable, but an unlikely outcome. Thus engineering leaders must be able totake a scholarly approach to gaining understanding of the interplay. They must

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Engineering Design in an Exam EnvironmentAbstractOne of the most difficult aspects of engineering is the effective teaching of engineering design.While it is paramount that every engineering student be exposed to engineering design, it can bedifficult to assess the design skills of individual students. Most design assessment is typicallyconducted at the project or team level, and many assessments of design effectiveness only usethe capstone experience. This is clearly inadequate. Instead, what is needed is an effectivemethod that can be used to partially assess the design capabilities of individual students in anexam setting.This article will discuss an approach to assessing design skills in the exam environment

Conference Session

Supporting Biomedical Engineering Students in Holistic Development

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington; Yuliana Flores, Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

Paper ID #34988Teaching Social Justice to Engineering StudentsDr. Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington Dr. Dianne Hendricks is a Lecturer in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering and the Director of the Engineering Communication Program at the University of Washington. She designs and teaches courses involving universal design, technical communication, ethics, and diversity, equity and inclusion. She co-founded HuskyADAPT (Accessible Design and Play Technology), where she mentors UW students in design for local needs experts with disabilities. She also leads STEM outreach activities for

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session - Understanding and Changing Engineering Culture

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rui (Celia) Pan, Toyota Financial Services; Randa L. Shehab, University of Oklahoma; Deborah A. Trytten, University of Oklahoma; Cindy E Foor, University of Oklahoma; Susan E. Walden, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Center dedicated to engineering education related initiatives and research focused on building diversity and enhancing the educational experience for all engineering students. Dr. Shehab teaches undergraduate and graduate level courses in ergonomics, work methods, experimental design, and statistical analysis. Her current research is with the Research Institute for STEM Education, a multi-disciplinary research group investigating factors related to equity and diversity in engineering student populations.Dr. Deborah A. Trytten, University of Oklahoma Dr. Deborah A. Trytten is a President’s Associates Presidential Professor and Associate Professor of Computer Science and Womens’ and Gender Studies at the University of

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, Rice University; Samuel Garcia Jr., Texas State University; Samuel Molina, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

University.Mr. Samuel Molina, Rice University Samuel Molina is an undergraduate student at Rice University majoring in Mechanical Engineering. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Implementation of Visual Supplements to Strengthen Pedagogical Practices and Enhance the Physical Understanding of Fundamental Concepts in Engineering MechanicsMechanical Engineering is a discipline highly dependent on designing and implementingmechanical, thermal, or energy systems for the improvement of the human environment. Thus,being a proficient engineer involves having a strong mathematical background and a thoroughphysical understanding on how systems operate in order to apply

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mariappan Jawaharlal, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona; Uei-Jiun Fan, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona; Saeed Monemi, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, multidisciplinary engineering program. At Kettering he received Rodes Professorship award for outstanding teaching. He was one of the authors whose work in developing an introductory level design course received ASME Curriculum Innovation Award. Dr. Jawa enjoys teaching and is always in search of ways to make learning meaningful, relevant, and engaging.uei-jiun Fan, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Dr. Fan is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Associate Dean of the College of Engineering at Cal Poly Pomona. For over fifteen years of tenure at Cal Poly Pomona, he has taught a variety of engineering courses and has diverse engineering experiences in his areas of

Conference Session

Potpourri Design

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Patrick Walter

this sequence is tointegrate the design process into our curriculum with a strong emphasis on team development.The goals of the junior course, taken from my course syllabus, are:“… (1) to assure that participating students understand the many contributors to the engineeringdesign process, and (2) to enable the students to develop the requisite complementary skills totheir science- and technology-based studies to enable them to succeed in the workplace.”Not all of the following material can be comprehensively covered in this junior course.However, among materials that we address are: • Engineering economic analysis • Budgeting • Reliability assessment • Fault-tree analysis • Engineering ethics • Product

Conference Session

Stakeholder Perspectives on Community Engagement in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Bull, Brown University School of Engineering; Maureen Kay Sigler, Brown University; Michael Lye, Rhode Island School of Design

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

in a building on campus. Students worked in collaborative teams involving engineering andindustrial design to take advantage of and learn from the different skill sets of each, and developan understanding of energy science, design processes, observational research techniques andmethods to evaluate concepts. Students developed an understanding of how the occupants usedspace and the energy systems relied on, before designing, installing and testing interventions.The underlying premise of the studio asked the students to consider how design and technologycould reduce energy usage in homes and workplaces.The specific office building that served as the context for the work had its own unique set ofissues, providing both real world constraints and

Conference Session

Design Communications

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, Texas Tech University; Innocent Afuh, Texas Tech University; Peter Orono, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students the ability to develop search strategies that will come up with moremeaningful results. Reading through the results, they will see and learn how to relate and useinformation not only in their final reports, but also in their design notebooks and presentations.The rubrics developed here are applied at two major engineering programs. The rubrics wereused in a capstone course. The implications of the results in the context of engineering designeducation are discussed.1. Introduction Engineering design education is a central element of student training in engineering schools.Design projects are usually open ended and thus present students with challenges. This requiresthem to sift through large amounts of information in all formats. Blake

Conference Session

Teaching Design

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Bannerot

Session 2125 Subjective Evaluation in Engineering Design Richard Bannerot Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston AbstractEngineering students may not receive sufficient experience and help in making andunderstanding subjective decisions. Two studies are presented that imply engineeringstudents have poor subjective evaluation skills. The artifacts resulting from two designstudies were evaluated by two different classes of sophomore engineering students andtheir instructor. One study represented

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Bowen, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2010-1381: EFFORTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT PREPARATION AND SUCCESS ONTHE FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING EXAMJames Bowen, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Page 15.448.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Efforts to Better Understand the Relationship Between Civil Engineering Student Preparation and Success on the Fundamentals of Engineering ExamAbstract Like many other programs in Civil and Environmental Engineering, the majority ofstudents at our University take the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam. While not currentlyrequired for graduation, students

Conference Session

Reflections on the “Raise the Bar” Initiative (Part I) - Using a Decade of Experience to Chart the Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Ressler, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2012-3971: THE RAISE THE BAR INITIATIVE: CHARTING THE FU-TURE BY UNDERSTANDING THE PATH TO THE PRESENT - ACCRED-ITATION CRITERIACol. Stephen J. Ressler, U.S. Military Academy Stephen Ressler is professor and Head of the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) at West Point. He earned a B.S. degree from USMA in 1979, a master’s of science in civil engineering degree from Lehigh University in 1989, and a Ph.D. from Lehigh in 1991. An active duty Army officer, he has served in a variety of military engineering assignments around the world. He has been a member of the USMA faculty for 19 years, teaching courses in engineering me- chanics, structural engineering, construction

Conference Session

Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rachel Herring Sangree, Johns Hopkins University; Benjamin W. Schafer, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering

to determine the funicular shape of a structure during design. Thoughcomputer models are now able to reliably predict the behavior of many structures subject to avariety of loads, physical models “give an understanding of structural behavior that no computerprogram can provide” [3]. Of course it’s not only practicing engineers who benefit from an                                                            1 The funicular shape is actually a catenary under self-weight alone, but it is simpler to explain (and illustrate) theself-weight as nearly uniformly-distributed, in which case the funicular shape is a parabola.improved understanding of structural behavior; if we can provide this to our students, they willenter the workforce that much more

Conference Session

Capitalizing on COVID: Using This Disruptor to Change the Educational Model

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tony Lee Kerzmann, University of Pittsburgh; David V.P. Sanchez, University of Pittsburgh; Claire P. Chouinard, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

videos, example problems, quizzes, hands-on laboratories, demonstrations, and group work. Dr. Kerzmann is enthusiastic in the continued pursuit of his educational goals, research endeavors, and engagement of mechanical engineering students.Dr. David V.P. Sanchez, University of Pittsburgh David Sanchez is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and the Assistant Director for the Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation. His research is focused on fus- ing sustainability principles and design thinking to address the Water and Energy grand challenges in the natural and built environment. Current projects include: Renewable electrode materials for Bioelectro- chemical systems

Conference Session

Use of Technology in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taylor Halverson, Brigham Young University; Rollin H. Hotchkiss, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2011-1824: A CASE STUDY OF HOW PROJECT-BASED LEARNINGHELPS INCREASE INTEREST, UNDERSTANDING, AND RELEVANCEIN ENGINEERING FOR LEARNERSTaylor Halverson, Brigham Young University Taylor Halverson earned a double major PhD at Indiana University in instructional technology and design and Judaism and Christianity in antiquity. He earned Master’s degrees from Indiana University and Yale University. His Bachelor’s degree was earned at BYU. Dr. Halverson spent several years working for Cisco in Silicon Valley where he designed creative learning experiences for thousands of customer service agents spread across the globe. Dr. Halverson currently works as a Teaching and Learning Consultant at BYU, assisting faculty members

Conference Session

Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Magda, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2008-900: UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES ONSURFACE INTEGRITY AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM BY ANON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODDaniel Magda, Weber State University Page 13.1314.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Understanding the Effect of Residual Stresses on Surface Integrity and how to Measure them by a Non-Destructive MethodAbstractIn teaching the theory of solid mechanics of metallic materials there are basically two kinds ofstresses that a component can be subjected to. The first are the applied stresses generated from aloading condition that the component experiences in service. This load can be either a static ordynamic where the

Conference Session

Technical Session 2: Improving Information Literacy Programs

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qianjin Zhang, University of Iowa; Kari A. Kozak, University of Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

University as a Science & Engineering Librarian. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Watch it or Read it: Understanding Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Learning Effectiveness and Preference for Video Tutorials versus Guide-on- the-Side TutorialsAbstractVideo tutorials and text-and-image tutorials are widely used for teaching database searchingskills in many academic libraries. The purpose for this study is to discover undergraduateengineering students’ performance and preference for video tutorials versus text-and-imagetutorials (called Guide-on-the-Side) for Compendex database instruction. We designed threetasks: emailing citations, finding a controlled term and

Conference Session

Reflections on the “Raise the Bar” Initiative (Part II) - Using a Decade of Experience to Chart the Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart G. Walesh P.E., S. G. Walesh Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2012-3327: THE RAISE THE BAR EFFORT: CHARTING THE FU-TURE BY UNDERSTANDING THE PATH TO THE PRESENT - THE BOKAND LESSONS LEARNEDDr. Stuart G. Walesh P.E., S. G. Walesh Consulting Stuart G. Walesh, Ph.D., P.E., Dist.M.ASCE, D.WRE, and F.NSPE, is an independent consultant provid- ing management, engineering, education/training, and marketing services. Prior to beginning his consul- tancy, he worked in the public, private, and academic sectors serving as a Project Engineer and Manager, Department Head, Discipline Manager, marketer, legal expert, professor, and Dean of an engineering college. Walesh authored or co-authored six books and many engineering and education publications and presentations. His most recent

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Yewande S. Abraham, Rochester Institute of Technology; Bilge Gökhan Çelik, Roger Williams University; Max Frasier Spaan, Rochester Institute of Technology; Natalie Mansson

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering

Paper ID #32439Assessing the Effectiveness of Active-learning Approaches in AdvancingStudent Understanding of Construction Scheduling in a Virtual EnvironmentDr. Yewande S. Abraham, Rochester Institute of Technology Yewande Abraham Ph.D., LEED AP O+M, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engi- neering Technology Environmental Management and Safety at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). She received her Bachelor’s and Master’s in Civil Engineering from Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom and completed her Ph.D. in Architectural Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. She

Conference Session

Labs and Experiments

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margot A Vigeant, Bucknell University; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Katharyn E. K. Nottis, Bucknell University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Edward C Bent, Bucknell University; Rachel Cincotta, Bucknell University; Kyle Andrew MacDougall, Bucknell University Chemical Engineering Department

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, collaborative, and problem-based learning, and in the ways hands-on activities such as making, technology, and games can be used to improve student engagement.Dr. Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University Dr. Michael Prince is a professor of chemical engineering at Bucknell University and co-director of the National Effective Teaching Institute. His research examines a range of engineering education topics, including how to assess and repair student misconceptions and how to increase the adoption of research- based instructional strategies by college instructors and corporate trainers. He is actively engaged in presenting workshops on instructional design to both academic and corporate instructors.Dr. Katharyn E. K. Nottis

Conference Session

Statics and Dynamics: What's New

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Anderson, Texas Tech; Roman Taraban, Texas Tech; Diana Hudson, Texas Tech

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

tosuccessful pedagogue and curriculum design to meet the goals of the engineer of 2020. Thisstudy examines the correlation between four factors, visuospatial ability, conceptualunderstanding, prior knowledge, and student course performance as measured by prerequisitecourse grades, course grade, and conceptual knowledge gain. Statistical correlation andhierarchical analysis were applied to the results of the Paper Folding Test (PFT), Card RotationsTest (CRT), pre- and post-Statics Concept Inventory (SCI) tests, admission test scores, andprerequisite course grades to examine these relationships.Although many factors influence student success in an Introduction to Engineering Staticscourse, their understanding of underlying concepts, knowledge from

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Burns, Western Michigan University; Enas Aref, Western Michigan University; Mohammad Majd, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Paper ID #30437Assessing Instructional Effectiveness and Understanding Factors thatContribute to Student Performance in an Engineering Statistics Course:An Exploratory StudyDr. James Burns, Western Michigan University Jim Burns, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Industrial and Entrepreneurial Engineering and Engineering Man- agement Department Bio: Jim Burns holds a Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from Western Michigan University, and has more than 10 years industry experience in the manufacturing sector in a variety of roles including process engineering, operations management, and technical sales. His area of expertise centers on

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session - Understanding and Changing Engineering Culture

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary E Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin Madison College of Engineering; Manuela Romero, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jennifer Sheridan, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, andlogically seemed better associated with that scale. When analyzed with other self-efficacy items,this item increased the overall reliability of the Engineering Self-Efficacy scale. A second item(“Students compete with each other in class”) designed to be included in the Student Interactionfactor did not correlate well with any items or scales, so was treated individually. Six remainingitems made up the Student Interaction scale. (4) Engineering self-efficacy: six items such as “Iam confident I can do well in my engineering courses”, “Compared to other engineeringstudents, my academic ability is….”, (5) Perceptions of Engineering: twelve items such as“Engineers are respected by society”, “Engineers can set their own schedules”. The Perceptionsof

Conference Session

Integrating Curriculum and Labs in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig A Chin, Southern Polytechnic State University; Leigh Sharma, Southern Polytechnic College of Engr and Engr Tech; Garth V Crosby, Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #7675Evaluation of the Effect of Wireshark-based Laboratories on Increasing Stu-dent Understanding of Learning Outcomes in a Data Communications CourseDr. Craig A Chin, Southern Polytechnic State University Craig A. Chin received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Florida International University in 2006. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the electrical and computer engineering technology at Southern Polytechnic State University. His research interests include biomedical signal processing, pattern recog- nition, and active learning techniques applied to engineering education.Dr. Leigh SharmaDr. Garth V

Conference Session

Engineering Education; An International Perspective

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Bannerot

expand their horizons beyond their national borders and emphasized the important ofstudying and acquiring an in-depth understanding of the target market. It forced the Japanese Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Page 8.351.5 Copyright 2003, American Society for Engineering Educationstudents to question an established and unquestioned solution to an old problem. Furthermore,both groups benefited from a study of the solutions generated by their foreign counterparts.This design experiment has demonstrated that even the simplest of consumer products

Conference Session

Holy Cow! We’re Going Online When? 

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Masoud Ghodrat Abadi, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

: Traffic Engineering, Engineering Statistics, and Transportation Planning. Dr. Abadi serves as a member of several national and regional committees including TRB Standing Committee on Workforce Development and Organizational Excellence (AJE15), and ITE Transportation Education Council. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Understanding the Academic Shock of COVID-19: How are Students' Perceptions of the Online Learning Evolving over Time?1. IntroductionCOVID-19 outbreak was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic inMarch 2020 [1]. Being an infectious disease, COVID-19 is easily transmitted through person-to-person