Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Tom Christensen; R. M. Seymour; Kim McKeage; Deborah Skinner; Darrell Donahue

students use Total Quality Management and integrated product design withproject management software.9 At Western Washington University, the Engineering TechnologyDepartment has made alliances with the Colleges of Business and Economics and of Arts andSciences for the development of multidisciplinary teams to work on design projects. They haveintegrated concurrent engineering principles throughout their curriculum. 10 The Departments ofChemical and Materials Engineering and Electrical Engineering at San Jose State Universityworked with science disciplines to develop an interdisciplinary course in semiconductorprocessing. The team approach for this course is set in a context of a start-up company cultureand allows students to be actively engaged in

Conference Session

Capstone Design Courses and Tools in support of Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ertunga C Ozelkan, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Peter L Schmidt P.E., University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Devin Hatley, UNC Charlotte; Kathleen Ann Boutin-Pasterz, UNC Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

engineering students from systems, mechanical, electrical andcomputer engineering were assembled to tackle this project during the 2011-12 academic year.Each team was led by systems engineering students, who acted as the principal engineer and theproject manager, and mentored, by a systems engineering and an engineering managementprofessor. After evaluating various design alternatives, both teams came up with very innovativebottle recycler designs. Both teams were selected as finalists (top 9 out of 50 projects) in the BestSenior Design Project Competition. In this paper, we will present the educational approach howthese projects were conducted and assessed, and discuss the findings.Introduction “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors, we

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Michael S. Thompson, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #9582Aligning Design to ABET: Rubrics, Portfolios, and Project ManagersDr. Alan Cheville, Bucknell University Alan Cheville studied optoelectronics and ultrafast optics at Rice University, followed by fourteen years as a faculty member at Oklahoma State University working on terahertz frequencies and engineering edu- cation. While at Oklahoma State he developed courses in photonics and engineering design. After serving for two and a half years as a program director in engineering education at the National Science Founda- tion, he took a chair position in electrical engineering at Bucknell University. He is

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Christopher Gioia, Slippery Rock University; Samantha (Sami Bortz

Paper ID #44643Sustainability-Focused Project-Based Learning in a Heat Transfer CourseDr. Christopher Gioia, Slippery Rock University Chris Gioia is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering at Slippery Rock University. He is the faculty adviser for the Formula SAE team at SRU, and is a member of the Department curriculum committee. Dr. Gioia teaches courses in Heat Transfer, Dynamics, Machines and Mechanisms, Mechani- cal Control Systems, and Capstone Design. His research interests include control systems, cyber-physical systems, project-based learning pedagogy, heat exchangers, and biodiesel production. Dr

Conference Session

Practices for Student Learning Engagement

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aditya Akundi, University of Texas, El Paso; Amit J Lopes, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #18931Maximizing STEM Relevance Through Project-Based Learning for Fresh-man EngineersDr. Aditya Akundi, University of Texas, El Paso Aditya Akundi is currently affiliated to Industrial Manufacturing and Systems Engineering department, and Research Institute for Manufacturing and Engineering Systems at University of Texas, ElPaso. He earned a Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, India. He earned a Master of Science in Electrical and Computer En- gineering at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Intrigued by Systems Engineering , he

Conference Session

Impact of Community Engagement on Communities

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlos German Montoya Rodriguez, Ohio State University; Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto, The Ohio State University; Roger Dzwonczyk, The Ohio State University; John A Merrill, Ohio State University; Howard L. Greene, Ohio State University; Miriam Cater, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

consortium of faculty, staff and students across the university with interest and involvement in Humanitarian Engineering. Prior to OSU, Dr. Greene worked for 12 years as a product development engineer and project manager in Medical Device Solutions at Battelle, an $8B international non-profit R&D organization headquartered in Columbus. Prior to Battelle, Dr. Greene was a Professor in Electronic Engineering Technology at DeVry University. Dr. Greene received the Ph. D. and M.S. degrees in Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, respectively from OSU and the B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Akron. Dr. Greene serves on the Board of Directors for Design Outreach, a non-profit that

Conference Session

Capstone Courses and Project Based-Learning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Bairaktarova, The University of Oklahoma; Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nathan McNeill, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

engaged in a variety of the course activities and alsoprovided feedback to all projects groups. Task The groups were introduced to the scenario that they are a global project manager of afictitious company engaged in the design and construction of various kinds of electrical powergeneration systems around the world. They were told that their company is looking for potentialnew projects in three small countries—Jamaica, Namibia, and Rwanda. Although each of thesecountries faces unique challenges to economic development, all three are in need of increasedelectrical generation capacity. Each group selected one of the three countries to focus on and wereresponsible to write a proposal for a thermal energy system to meet the electrical

Conference Session

Understanding Student Development in Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bin Lei, Drexel University; Brandon B. Terranova, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

pilot modules into the generalpopulation of the first-year engineering design laboratory courses. 9References[1] B. Terranova, et. al, Work in Progress: Curriculum Revision to Support Blended Project- Based Learning in the First-Year General Engineering Laboratory Courses, ASEE proceedings, 2017.[2] http://www.abet.org, ‘criteria for accrediting engineering programs’, 2018. [online]. Available: http://www.abet.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/E001-18-19-EAC-Criteria-11- 29-17.pdf [Accessed: 30- April- 2018].[3] A. Repenning, "Moving beyond syntax: lessons from 20 years of blocks programing in AgentSheets.," Journal of Visual Languages and Sentient Systems, 2017

Collection

2011 North Midwest Section

Authors

M. S. Stachowicz; L. B. Kofoed

Problem Based Learning Principles for projects with “soft” evaluation. 1 M. S. Stachowicz, 2L. B. Kofoed Laboratory for Intelligent Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA, The Warsaw School of Computer Science, Warsaw, Poland mstachow@d.umn.edu1 Department of Architecture, Design & Media Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark, lk@create.aau.dk2IntroductionInspired by a design workshop course offered at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department(ECE) at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) [1] we could see

Conference Session

Design Methodology and Evaluation 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donal Padraic Holland, Trinity College Dublin; Conor Walsh P.E., Harvard University; Gareth J. Bennett, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, Vibration & Aeroacoustics he is also research active in the areasof Design (Open, Universal and Medical Device Design) as well as conducting research in EngineeringEducation. In the Design Community he is responsible for the School of Engineering joining the CDIOorganisation for which he is the contact principle for the School and he was recently a Visiting ResearchFellow in the Centre for Design Research in Stanford University. Dr. Bennett lectures in the area ofMechanical Engineering Design and has helped to extensively revise the undergraduate curriculum, in-troducing innovative project based design modules. This lead to Dr. Bennett receiving the Provost’sTeaching Award for Academic Excellence, the University’s most prestigious teaching

Conference Session

FPD12 -- Novel Approaches to First Year Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cecelia Wigal, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga; Ignatius Fomunung, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga; Edwin Foster, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga; Ronald Goulet, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

(ABET) identifies design as animportant element of the engineering curriculum. The faculty at the University of Tennessee atChattanooga (UTC) believes the concepts and principles of design are as fundamental toundergraduate engineering education as are those tools and topics traditionally thought asfundamental (such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, statics, and dynamics). The faculty alsobelieves, as supported in the literature, that getting engineering students involved in hands-onprojects early in their academic career motivates students and aids in retention. This paperdescribes the process and outcomes of using Project-Based Learning, specifically hands-ondesign projects supporting upper level course work, in the freshman design course

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session #2: Global Engagement

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meredith Blumthal, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Gretchen M. Forman, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Juliana Roznowski; Hannah Dougherty, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Ernest-John Ignacio, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Molly H Goldstein, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Brian Woodard, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

central part of the college experience” (Vasquez et al.,2022). In the book, Making Global Learning Universal, the authors offer a deeper understandingof what global learning is and how to effectively lead a global project on a large scale. Theyoffer professional development strategies in the context of student coursework and co-curricularactivities. This book offers a framework for universities to engage students in global learningprojects through actual experience and student participation (Landorf et al., 2018). The foremostexample of these projects is Collaborative Online International Learning, or COIL. CollaborativeOnline International Learning incorporates meaningful and significant global experiences intostudent programs without physical

Collection

2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Hani Sait; Hamzah Raja

1 Managing and Assessing Senior Project Capstone Design by Implementing ABET Criteria Hani Sait1 and Raja, Hamzah,R.I.2 1 Kung Abdulaziz University- Rabigh 2 University of Technology MalysiaAbstractPrior studies on educational engineering has shown that the graduates from engineering collegeswere lack of practical skills which are not given enough attention in the existing curriculum ofengineering. From this study, it has been shown that Senior Project Capstone

Conference Session

Edifying Engineering Education through Multidisciplinary Efforts

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nael Barakat P.E., Texas A&M University, Kingsville; David Ramirez, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Selahattin Ozcelik, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; John Austin McCoy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Aws Al-Shalash; Jong-Won Choi, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

in design exercises and experiences throughout their academicundergraduate careers, and provides student support in an innovative configuration of cascadedpeer-mentoring. In addition, the project incorporates engineering design experiences across theundergraduate curriculum with linkages to the university’s engineering innovation laboratory foraccess to industry projects. This contributes to increased student retention and persistence tograduation. CASCADE uses research proven practices to create a retention program based onintegrated curriculum, peer-mentoring, learning communities, and efforts that build innovation andcreativity into the engineering curriculum. The design efforts introduced by this project verticallyalign PBL that is fused

Conference Session

Student Learning and Research

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Jay Porter; James Ochoa; Joseph Morgan

for Engineering Education Annual Conference, St. Louis, MO, June 18-21, 2000. 5. C. Barbee, B. Lenahan, M.R. Warren, J.R. Porter, J.A. Morgan, “Implementing a Wireless Networking Infrastructure to Enhance ET Curriculum,” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Montreal, Canada, June 16-19, 2002. 6. http://wip.tamu.edu 7. http://live.tamu.eduJAY PORTERJay R. Porter joined the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution at Texas A&MUniversity in 1998 and currently works in the areas of mixed-signal circuit testing and virtual instrumentationdevelopment. He received the BS degree in electrical engineering (1987), the MS degree in physics (1989

Conference Session

Studies in Engineering Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicky Wolmarans, University of Cape Town; Jennifer M. Case, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

practicalprojects and design projects in the curriculum in order to integrate across the sciences and todevelop the link between the sciences and their application in practice.With the shift towards competency-based accreditation of engineering degree programs thefocus in design projects has shifted away from design as a link between engineering sciencesand their application in practical problems. However it should be noted that while morerecent reports [3, 4] recognize an improvement of the performance of graduates in genericcompetencies, most still struggle to use theoretical knowledge in practice: "Although industry is generally satisfied with the current quality of graduate engineers it regards the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Kenneth Manning

. National Science Foundation, “Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications Throughout the Curriculum”, Page 5.506.7Program Announcements, 93-164 and 94-15.7. Wilson, J. M., “The CUPLE Physics Studio”, Physics Teacher, 1994, 32, 518-523.8. Littman, H. and Fleishman B., “Drag Forces on Solid Objects”, Project Links,http://links.math.rpi.edu/webhtml/CAindex.html, 1999.9. The QuickTime video player, http://www.QuickTime.com/, Apple Computer, Inc., 1998.10. Kapila, A. and Buhler, B., “Constrained Optimization”, Project Links,http://links.math.rpi.edu/webhtml/AMindex.html, 1999.11. All are Seigmann. W., Boyce, W., et. al., Project Links, http

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 3: Teamwork

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rui Li, New York University; Jack Bringardner, Colorado School of Mines; Victoria Bill, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

curriculum, mentoring students, and engineering education research, particularly for project-based courses, the first-year engineering experience, and student professional skills. He is active in the American Society for Engineering Education and serves on the First-Year Programs Division Executive Board and was the past Webmanager for the ASEE First-Year Programs Division and the First-Year Engineering Experience Conference. He is on the Executive Steering Committee for the Vertically Integrated Projects Consortium. Prior to working at Colorado School of Mines, he was the Assistant Dean for Academics and taught Introduction to Engineering and Design at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering.Ms. Victoria Bill, Colorado

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research and Assessment I

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

James Houdeshell

Using a Structuredness Instrument to Characterize End of Course Projects James Jay Houdeshell National Center for Manufacturing Education at Sinclair Community CollegeAbstract A course culminating project, a popular instructional activity in engineering andengineering technology courses, typically provides students with either a rewarding or afrustrating experience. Many times professors, in order to bring real industry practice into theclassroom, ask students to solve problems based on complex cases. Depending on the student'sfamiliarity with the project context, a student’s problem solving skills, and the nature of theproblem, student

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Design in the First Year

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Emine Celik Foust, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

and design process, andalso to educate students on different engineering majors available at the institution such asmechanical, civil, electrical and computer engineering. To achieve these goals, engineeringfaculty decided to divide the fall semester into two seven-week modules. These modules are splitbetween mechanical/civil engineering and electrical/computer engineering. This paper mainlyfocuses on the structure of the mechanical/civil engineering module and the changesimplemented to that module over the recent years.The mechanical/civil module consists of three main components: computer aided design (CAD),machine shop, and a design project. Students learn how to use SolidWorks, shop safety andskills, wood fabrication, and basic metal

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen High, Oklahoma State University; Becky Hammack, Stillwater Middle School; Beth Watt, Stillwater Middle School; Julie Thomas, Oklahoma State University; Adrienne Redmond, Oklahoma State University; Pat Jordan; Jean Dockers, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

university. She has partnered with two middle school scienceinstructors to develop, fund, conduct, and expand the engineering program at the middle school.The Enriching Science and Math through Engineering project consists of the following threecomponents for students with an embedded teacher professional development program formiddle school teachers. A Curriculum Integration project has sixth and seventh grade coreteam teachers (math, science, social studies, and language arts) using existing and new integratedengineering modules during school. The new modules were developed by the teachers workingwith engineering and education professors. A Summer Camp is an engineering project basedprogram for 6th and 7th grade students delivered by two science

Conference Session

Diversity Trainings, Inclusive Learning, and Distance Learning

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joaquin Rodriguez, University of Pittsburgh; April Dukes, University of Pittsburgh; John Andrew Keith, University of Pittsburgh; David V.P. Sanchez, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

problems, making use of the knowledge and trainingacquired through the entire college curriculum, and demonstrating student readiness to enter thejob market or moving into research. These projects are often displayed at venues where judgesfrom academia and industry conduct evaluations to assess those achievements. Grading rubricsare generally based on the engineering approach, ability to reach a solution, specific designcontent, innovation, team performance, and presentation and communication skills. It hasbecome popular that these showcases turn into competitions, with prizes and recognitionsawarded to selected projects. In this study, we took an additional perspective on these capstonecourses and events by analyzing the composition of these

Conference Session

Capstone and Senior Design Projects Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin William Weiser, Eastern Washington University; Hani Serhal Saad, Eastern Washington University; N.M. Awlad HOSSAIN, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

adedicated function. The 3D modeling software called Autodesk Inventor was used to design andassemble the case for the ENT system. Students provided the formal presentation with theopportunity to conduct tests with a Stamp Microcontroller, PBASIC compiler and otherinterfacing devices. This capstone project was implemented within one semester in theDepartment of Engineering Technology in Spring 2012 for the Civil and Electronics EngineeringTechnology majors. This project served as a reference for providing students with challengingand exciting hardware and software design experiences that are involved with various fields of3D modeling, electrical, and physical layout design concept. It provided opportunity for bothfaculty and students to work in an

Conference Session

FPD10 -- Pre-Engineering and Bridge Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cecelia Wigal, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga; Molly Littleton, Signal Centers

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

12.1432.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 The Impact of “Special Needs” Projects on Student LearningAbstractThe Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) identifies design as animportant element of the engineering curriculum. The faculty at the University of Tennessee atChattanooga believes the concepts and principles of design are as fundamental to undergraduateengineering education as are those tools and topics traditionally thought as fundamental (such asmathematics, physics, chemistry, statics, and dynamics). One of the benefits of design is thehands-on activities or Project-Based Learning application it brings to the classroom. ABET alsostates that engineering programs must demonstrate that their

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Design I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, Arizona State University; Mark Vincent Huerta, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Jared Joseph Schoepf, Arizona State University; Joshua Loughman, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Paper ID #26443The Impact of Multidisciplinary Teams on Sustainability Projects in EPICSDr. Stephanie M. Gillespie, Arizona State University Stephanie Gillespie joined the EPICS@ASU program after finishing her Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. She has extensive experience in K-12 outreach and curriculum development, and is passionate about giving students opportunities to make a difference throughout their academic career. As the EPICS Director of Instruction, Stephanie leads the EPICS pro- gram’s curriculum development, EPICS-Community College program, and program

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William D. Moscoso-Barrera, University of Texas at Austin; Huiliang Wang, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

Bioelectronics and Biointerfaces, in which the iterative design methodology of thisstudy was applied, introduces different modalities for recording and stimulating biologicalsystems, including electrical, optical, mechanical, chemical, ultrasound, magnetic, and geneticapproaches. The focus of the course is on the concepts and strategies in materials development,electronics fabrication, and genetic innovations that interface with biological systems.Two of the five learning outcomes proposed in the course are related to the design project, aimingfor the development of learning environments to produce solutions in clinical contexts, which arecrucial elements in engineering fields such as biomedical engineering [12]. The learning outcomesare: 1

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Experiential Learning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold R Underwood, Messiah College; Donald George Pratt, Messiah College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Paper ID #8608Competitive Placement of Engineering Students on Multiyear Project TeamsDr. Harold R Underwood, Messiah College Dr. Underwood received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at UIUC in 1989, and has been a faculty member of the Engineering Department at Messiah College since 1992. Besides teaching Circuit Anal- ysis, Electromagnetics, and Communications Systems, he supervises students in the Communications Technology Group on the credited Integrated Projects Curriculum (IPC) track and those participating vol- untarily via the Collaboratory for Strategic Parnternships and Applied Research. His on-going projects

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Sozen, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

projectamong the students that were enrolled in the aforementioned course. The lessons learned and thefeedback from the students are presented in the paper.Introduction There are three engineering majors in the School of Engineering at Grand Valley StateUniversity; Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Product Designand Manufacturing Engineering. Students in all majors have three semesters of mandatorycooperative education requirement as part of the curricula. In addition, the two-semestercapstone design course normally involves industry sponsored design and build type projects,most of which are sponsored by the companies that also employ our students as coop students.Many of the engineering courses involve some kind of

Conference Session

Software Engineering Outreach: Industry, K-12

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

W Eric Wong, University of Texas, Dallas

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Industry Involvement in an Undergraduate Software Engineering Project Course: Everybody WinsThe “Software Engineering Project” (SE 4485) is a one-semester capstone course in our undergraduateSoftware Engineering curriculum at the University of Texas at Dallas (hereafter, simply referred to asUTD). It is intended to complement the theoretical knowledge that students receive in their prior (andongoing) courses and provide them with an in-depth, hands-on experience in all aspects of softwareengineering. They are expected to walk-through the various phases of a software development life-cyclesuch as

Conference Session

Emerging Information Technologies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Richard Helps, Brigham Young University; Bret Swan, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

areproduct-oriented, focusing on the build and test phases of development. This emphasis isreflected in several publications on engineering and technology capstone courses. Todd et al.indicate this in their comprehensive 1995 survey results1 by stating that “Projects … generallyrequire the team to design and manufacture a system” and further state that different engineering Page 14.266.2departments have different expectations for their students, but that in general students aredesigning a product or system of simulation of one.
 “There
are
numerous
articles
about
individual
Capstone
courses
in
the
literature.
A
few
are
 referenced
as