Conference Session

Technical Session T1A

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Jessica Martin, Baylor University; Jana Roste, Baylor University; Austin T. Smith, Baylor University; Shane Michael Meyer, Baylor University; Emma G Cartisano, Baylor University; Emily Sandvall, Baylor University; Andrea Pouso Morales, Baylor University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Full Papers

student success programs provide the opportunity.LimitationsA few study limitations warrant consideration. First, this study was conducted amidst theCOVID-19 pandemic, with obvious impacts on student involvement. Second, this studyexamined involvement in first and second-year students; their involvement patterns may stillchange going forward. Third, defining SES is difficult [5] and the institution’s definition of “lowincome” for participation in ECS was unclear. Thus, findings may not be generalizable to otherlow socioeconomic status (SES) STEM students. Similarly, each participant received ascholarship, possibly buffering the salience of low-SES identity—resonating with the findings of[6]. Student perceptions and experiences of involvement

Conference Session

Computing Track - Technical Session II

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Gretchen Achenbach, University of Virginia; Lecia Jane Barker, University of Colorado; Leisa D. Thompson, University of Virginia

Tagged Topics

Computing, Diversity

a career in computing, survey the what CS is, how CS impacts the students' lives,class to gauge interests, and offer choices to and how CS is an integral part of every major atstudents. However, care should be taken to U-M. How CS is in every aspect of our lives.avoid falling back on stereotypes of what When students are challenged to give one careerwomen and men like (for example, assuming that CS does not impact, they conclude that CSthat women like communicating and men like impacts every degree at U-M. – University ofgames). Teaching practices that create an Michigan, NEXT Award 2nd Place, 2017inclusive, collaborative environment should beintegrated early in the curriculum and include pair programming, peer-led team learning,discussion

Conference Session

Engineering Physics Technical Session 2

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James O'Brien, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Gergely Sirokman, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Franz J Rueckert, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

undergraduate science research into our institute's curriculum issupported by a significant amount of research into the impact of such activities on scholarlyachievement in a number of fields. David Lopatto has published extensively on the positiveimpact of undergraduate research on academic programs. [1-5] Undergraduate research is shownin these publications to be key to producing engaged scientists for the future. Hinkel and Henke[6] show explicitly the positive impact participation in undergraduate programs has on futurestudent achievement and employment. In light of this information it is almost unforgivable not tooffer these opportunities to students who are willing to avail themselves of them.Science research courses give students the opportunity

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison K. Polasik, The Ohio State University; Alexandria Julius, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

. Data collected during this timedemonstrated a statistically significant increase in teacher content knowledge and an increase in their useof guided inquiry and active learning activities (Polasik, 2016). Evidence has shown that guided inquiryand active teaching methods are correlated to increases in students’ content knowledge and capacity forscientific thinking (Shouse et al., 2007; 2010).In the 2012 – 2015 academic years, the program monitored teacher use of materials science hands-onactivities and their effectiveness as one metric of the degree to which the PD was impacting theclassroom. As Figure 1, (Polasik, Daehn, and McCombs 2016) illustrates, the number of materials scienceactivities increased substantially. This increase was also seen

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark A. Chapman, University of San Diego; Gordon D Hoople, University of San Diego; G. Bryan Cornwall PhD P.E., Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

University of Minnesota.Prof. Gordon D Hoople, University of San Diego Dr. Gordon D. Hoople is an assistant professor and one of the founding faculty members of integrated engineering at the University of San Diego. He is passionate about creating engaging experiences for his students. His work is primarily focused on two areas: engineering education and design. Professor Hoople’s engineering education research examines the ways in which novel approaches can lead to better student outcomes. He is the principal investigator on the National Science Foundation Grant ”Reimagin- ing Energy: Exploring Inclusive Practices for Teaching Energy Concepts to Undergraduate Engineering Majors.” He has also co-developed a unique

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Topics

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Gregory, The University of Arizona; Rick Steiner, The University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Division (SYS)

Journal of Pedagogy & Curriculum, 23(1), 2016.[24] G¨okc¸e Akc¸ayır and Murat Akc¸ayır. The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges. Computers & Education, 126:334–345, 2018.[25] Lisa Bomia, Lynne Beluzo, Debra Demeester, Keli Elander, Mary Johnson, and Betty Sheldon. The impact of teaching strategies on intrinsic motivation., 1997.[26] Shui-fong Lam, Rebecca Wing-yi Cheng, and William YK Ma. Teacher and student intrinsic motivation in project-based learning. Instructional Science, 37:565–578, 2009.[27] Ann Bainbridge Frymier and Gary M Shulman. “what’s in it for me?”: Increasing content relevance to enhance students’ motivation. Communication Education, 44(1):40–50, 1995.[28] Liudmila Mikalayeva

Conference Session

Integrating Social Justice in Engineering Science Courses

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara M. Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Deborath Silva, Colorado School of Mines; Justin Stephen Fantasky, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

expected graduation date of May 2016. Page 26.1378.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Social Justice in Control Systems EngineeringAbstractWhat occurs when social justice dimensions are integrated into a feedback control systems class,and what impacts does such integration have on student interest and motivation? Social justicedefies a universal definition, but is related to the vision that people and communities have theright to equality (in various senses), to health, to dignity, and to opportunities. Social elementssuch as social justice may not be perceived

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Trevelyan, University of Western Australia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

performance in design.5This critical lack of practical knowledge shows up when, for example, students are asked toestimate simple engineering quantities such as the energy stored in a battery.2 In practice,when engineers encounter an unfamiliar challenge, they can access a much wider spectrum ofknowledge by engaging the willing cooperation of peers and suppliers, almost alwaysorganised informally without authority.3 Students, on the other hand, tend to rely on Googleand Wikipedia: few have any idea of the kinds of support available in the practiceenvironment, or how to access that support. Introducing students to an understanding of thepractice environment in which design takes place and the economic and regulatory factorsthat shape design practice

Conference Session

Research in Engineering Education II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan McNeill, University of Florida; Elliot P. Douglas, University of Florida; Mirka Koro-Ljungberg, University of Florida; David J Therriault, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

foundation for future work which willexamine both the discourses that influence engineering more widely and the impact of thesediscourses on students.Research Question What discourses about engineering identity are promoted by universities that have undergraduate programs in materials engineering and by companies that employ graduates of these programs?MethodQualitative content analysis was used to search for discourses about engineering identitypromoted by universities that educate materials engineering students as well as companies thatemploy graduates of these engineering programs. Qualitative content analysis is a method ofsubjective interpretation of textual communications which focuses not only on the content ofcommunicated

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maya Menon, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Stephanie Adams, Oregon State University; Prateek Shekhar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Jeff Knowles, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

theinterplay of contextual factors influencing faculty decision-making and the specific needs ofengineering educators.Mentorship programs have emerged as a promising avenue for facilitating the adoption of EBIPs,providing faculty with targeted, discipline-specific guidance and sustained support [8], [9]. Theseprograms leverage the expertise of experienced educators to assist faculty in overcomingchallenges related to curriculum redesign, student engagement, and logistical constraints [10],[11]. By fostering a community of practice, mentorship programs not only enhance facultyconfidence and competence but also contribute to the normalization of innovative teachingpractices in engineering education [12].This study investigates the impact of a mentorship

Conference Session

New Pedagogical Approaches in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua A Enszer, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

development, implementation of computational tools across the chemical engineering curriculum, and game-based learning. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 The “SPIT” (Solve – Personalize – Integrate – Think) Approach in the Process Control ClassroomAbstractIn courses with heavy reading loads, traditionally in the humanities, one approach to homeworkassignments carries the acronym SPIT – for Summarize, Personalize, Integrate, Thoughtfulpuzzle – a four-step algorithm that engages students with the reading material. First, they arecharged to provide a summary of the text of specific length; next, to explain how that readingconnects to their personal lives; next, to explain how

Conference Session

International Initiatives, Partnerships, Teaching Strategies & Collaborative Networks (IUCEE, IFEES, LACCEI.... )

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bhushan Trivedi; Maria M. Larrondo Petrie

Tagged Divisions

International

summer of 2008. Almost 585 Indianfaculty members participated in 23 week-long Train-the-Trainer workshops led by 27 US facultymembers and corporate representatives that covered general effective teaching techniques as wellas best practices teaching within engineering disciplines. This paper describes a first experienceby one of the Indian participants applying strategies taught at the IUCEE Faculty LeadershipInstitute to a course in a Master of Computer Applications program in India, and the students’reactions. The course was part of a two course sequence, the faculty member taught the firstcourse before the Institute experience and the second after the Institute. The students assessedthe difference in his teaching skills and the impact of using

Conference Session

Novel Pedagogical Techniques II: Potpourri

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miriam R. Wattenbarger, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

of a faculty, post-doctoral scholar, researchinvestigators and graduate student involved in drug delivery research. Three weeks of themonth, the meetings are journal club discussions lead by the students or post-docs. About once aquarter, a speaker leading a research lab in a university in the tri-state area discusses a currentresearch project. Once a month, a distinguished academic or industrial researcher ofinternational prominence visits campus to give a research talk to the larger drug delivery researchcommunity. Attending these events with other students and faculty introduces the students to thelarger drug delivery research community on campus.Course GoalsA list of course goals is shown in Table 4. The first goal refers to broad

Conference Session

Research in Faculty Development

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kristen Ferris, University of New Mexico; Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Pil Kang, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

development.Faculty mindset impacts engagement in professional developmentBecause we consider faculty who are change ready and change hesitant, we sought a frameworkto guide our understanding of these from a learning lens. We chose Dweck and Yeager’s [2]characterization of fixed and growth mindsets. Fixed mindset can be described as “the belief thatintelligence cannot be developed” and a growth mindset as “the belief that intelligence can bedeveloped, for example, through personal effort, good learning strategies, and lots of mentoring”[2]. Dweck and colleagues have taken the approach that mindset is not a fixed trait but rathersomething that can be changed, and they have investigated interventions to provide evidence ofthis claim [2].Research on these two

Conference Session

Research Methods

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Max William Blackburn, University of Michigan; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Michigan; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

pedagogies on student learning and success, and the impact of a flexible classroom space on faculty teaching and student learning. She also led a project to develop a taxonomy for the field of engineering education research, and she was part of a team that studied ethical decision-making in engineering students. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 WiP: Developing an Observation Protocol to Categorize Formative Assessment in Engineering CoursesIntroductionStudent assessment is a necessary component of engineering education that gives instructorsinsight into their students’ learning [1]. Two broad types of assessments include summativeassessment and formative assessment

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Glasgow, University of Nevada, Reno

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD)

tovarious engineering disciplines by providing tours through campus engineering laboratories,presentations from faculty members and engaging in camp-led engineering design challenges.The DeLaMare Library Makerspace at the University of Nevada, Reno provides access tomaking equipment and tools for students, faculty, staff and community members. While thespace is primarily used by university students, the makerspace staff works closely with K-12University-led programs during the summer months to provide activities for camp participants.These activities utilize hands on learning as the students engage with makerspace competenciesand machinery. Connections to campus K-12 programs strengthen campus partnerships andsupport the universities' objective of

Conference Session

ENT Division Technical Session: Competitions, Challenges, and Teams

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sandra Furnbach Clavijo, Stevens Institute of Technology; Matthew Wade, Stevens Institute of Technology; Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

additionally helps motivate the students to take thecompetition seriously as they witness the broader impacts of their efforts on the Stevenscommunity.Findings and Broader ImpactIn a previous paper [15] we discussed how the learning objectives of the course are met by allengineering students, even by those majoring in civil and chemical engineering, who mostlywork on design projects or externally sponsored ones. Regardless of competition outcome,assessment data confirms that 85 percent of engineering students, and 88 percent of civilengineering students, believe they can identify and communicate value through an elevator pitchafter having taken Senior Innovation courses. However, just a good grade in class, doesn’tensure you will win the

Conference Session

Engineering Equity: Challenging Paradigms and Cultivating Inclusion in Technical Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jingfeng Wu, University of Michigan; Clay Walker, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

in the University of Michigan’s College of Engineering Technical Communication Program. He regularly teaches first-year, intermediate, and senior writing courses for students in all engineering disciplines, but especially Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science Engineering. His research focuses on the interplay between identity, experience, and agency in language and literacy practices in technical and workplace communication contexts through translingual and linguistic justice frameworks. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Mechanical engineering reasoning diagram: How can modeling engineering thinking support learning in writing intensive labs?The

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 2.B

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Runu Proma Das, University of Georgia; Tathyana Moratti, University of Georgia; Shari Gasper, University of Georgia; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

the engineering curriculum, engaging students fromtheir freshman year in recognizing and solving engineering problems [11]. Well-structuredproblems are traditionally studied with effective communication of problems as an essentialcomponent [12]. The shift towards hands-on and outcomes-based education sheds light on gapsin addressing problem types in curricula. Professionals can pinpoint relevant problem states,while non-professionals struggle with this phenomenon [13]. Over the years, Senior Capstoneprojects in school are intended to provide real-world engineering experience, highlighting theimportance of problem identification [14]. However, conventional engineering problems lack theconnection with practical engineering expertise. An

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Joaquin Rodriguez, University of Pittsburgh

Analysis(LCA) software, conducted an entire session with a hands-on demonstration of OpenLCA33software for a case study to compare reusable vs. single use plastic water bottles, with a finalevaluation of the impacts in areas like global warming, acidification, eco-toxicity,eutrophication, carcinogenic, etc.There were several in-class activities fostering students’ engagement, teamwork skills, andcomprehension of concepts and applications included in lectures. Figure 1 illustrates the activitywhere students were to mimic a task group to assist the ESG CEO of the company on examiningthe acquisition of a start-up company. Figure 1. In-class activity “Assist the ESG CEO”Figure 2 illustrates the activity where student teams were

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

with the rapidlygrowing field of civil engineering set the stage for the establishment of the firstengineering society in England. With him as president the society began to influencefuture actions of engineers. The development of an engineering society naturally sparksdiscussion in the course as to the importance of professional societies and when and howdo they get involved. Not all students properly define the constraints in their own wordsnor do they properly use when discussing the impact of an engineer and/or their device.However, the constant engagement and in-class discussions leads each student to buildtheir understanding of each constraint. Of course these discussions further open the doorfor questions on professional topics such as

Conference Session

Design Tools and Skill Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria R. Young, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Sara L. Hoffman, University of Michigan; Kathleen H. Sienko, University of Michigan; Madeline A. Gilleran, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

provide access to socially engageddesign techniques at other domestic and international universities.ConclusionNon-traditional engineering design methods are necessary to ensure that designers have a robust understanding ofthe social, cultural, environmental, and economic contexts that impact technology design and implementation. Forone example, it is imperative that engineering students are effectively taught interviewing methods so that theyare able to successfully elicit this contextual information from a variety of communities and individuals.Stakeholder interviews are an integral technique in human-, user-, and context-centered design processes that canbe utilized in a variety of design situations and industries. The Socially Engaged Design

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Roy Issa; Reinhard Puffing; Emad Manla

drone along with numerical simulations. The engineering group from West Texas A&MUniversity had to assess the three different preliminary designs provided by FH JOANNEUM, selectthe most appropriate one, construct and test the drone and its spraying system. The resulting systemwas capable of achieving the following: a flying time of at least 16.7 minutes covering a distance of2 kilometers when operated in automatic mode, with the ability of carrying 2 kg of payload attakeoff and delivering a spray mist at a flow rate ranging between 0.37 and 0.45 liters/minute. Theproject created an opportunity for global virtual teams to form between the two universities, andprovided an opportunity for the students to communicate effectively with a range of

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prateek Shekhar, University of Michigan; Aileen Huang-Saad, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

agreement in the field thatentrepreneurial mindset is a key outcome of engineering entrepreneurship education,there is limited consensus on what entrepreneurial mindset is and what its keyconstituents are.As the engineering entrepreneurship community grows and seeks to assess studentoutcomes and instructional impact of engineering entrepreneurship programs at scale, thecommunity needs to be more consistent in defining and using the term entrepreneurialmindset [5]. A consistent definition will assist in ensuring alignment between curriculum,instruction and student learning outcomes; enhancing the validity and reliability ofassessment efforts examining entrepreneurial mindset; and consequently, facilitate thedevelopment of more targeted

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natascha Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Joseph Henry, University of California, Irvine; Kevin Flaieh

applied in anupper-division engineering course. The intervention is designed to get students to question therole of engineers as designers of society through critical analysis of engineering designs that donot adequately consider the diversity of their user base. Preliminary findings reported here centeron a thematic analysis of the students' responses to the assignment, highlighting major trends inthe data showing that students are attentive to designs that negatively impact women and peopleof color. We discuss implications for further development of the intervention based on evidencefrom others in the field and the efficacy of our intervention in demonstrating to students thatengineering as a discipline is attentive to issues of

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dorian Bobbett, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Heidi Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

as students andinstructors who lived and worked on college campuses were forced to return home. Manyreturned home to more difficulties than they faced on campus, such as unreliable internet, theneed to provide for families, and lack of motivation to participate in the remote experience [3].Much of the research done so far on ERT has focused on the student experience with remoteinstruction rather than that of educators. Researching the instructor experience would provideunique insights into how and why choices were made that impacted education. The purpose ofthis case study was to examine how engineering instructors at an R1 university responded to theshift to ERT in Spring of 2020, and how they continued to adapt throughout the

Conference Session

Computer Education Management Tools II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger Hadgraft, The University of Melbourne

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

impact (politicians choose sub-optimal solutionssuch as desalination plants). Several studies have recommended more broadly educatedengineers to cope with problems that stretch our minds in four dimensions – the technical, thesocial, the environmental and the economic 1,2,3,4.The introduction of the (University of) Melbourne Model is one initiative to meet this breadthplus depth requirement 5,6. The Melbourne Model provides a broad foundation for universityeducation, with students taking a major discipline as well as a minor in a non-cognatediscipline (the breadth sequence). It also provides an opportunity to bring the teaching ofseparate engineering disciplines closer together as we move into a world requiringinterdisciplinarity and

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Innovation, International Cooperation, and Social Entrepreneurship

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Fry, Baylor University; Gregory Leman, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

been designed, tested andproven to synergistically meet their disparate educational objectives. In this paper wewill delineate those varied priorities, review the i5 Program design evolution to its currentform, summarize the resulting impacts from several constituent perspectives, and finallycomment on the implications of our findings.Student constituencies: key challenges in gaining skills for global, high-tech venturesEngineering and Computer Science studentsPressure for change in engineering education to include collaboration, communication,business analysis, and multi-cultural effectiveness is widespread, and well documented.In our previous paper to NCIIA (Bradley et al 3.) for example, the challenges of findingways to insert separate

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kwadwo Amankwah-Nkyi, University of Arkansas; Sarah Hernandez, University of Arkansas; Breanna Stoesz, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

new generation of freight professionals, including drivers and engineers especially in theareas of civil, industrial, and mechanical engineering [2]. While many STEM outreach programsand college engineering curricula centered on transportation topics focus on the careers ofengineers and planners, the roles of front-line workforce of our freight systems (drivers, pilots,and operators) are rarely highlighted. Yet, students may better connect with the impacts ofengineering and planning work by witnessing how transportation projects impact front lineworkers like truck drivers. This work developed an outreach program designed around theuse of a driving simulator to enhance outreach efforts for middle and high school studentgroups for freight

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Seamon; Marcus James; Zoe Mouchantaf; Omar Ashour, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

higher level ofsatisfaction when it comes to the traditional classroom environment, both teaching methods offerthe same opportunities for academic improvement [7]. Bourhis and Burrell also researched theeffects of different communication strategies via online communication, including video, audio,and written instruction, studying their impact on students’ satisfaction. The results indicate thatstudents’ communication preferences depend on the amount of information communicated: whenthe amount of information is reduced, students prefer to communicate via video or audio.However, when the amount of information communicated is relatively larger, students prefer toreceive written instructions [7].However, while student satisfaction is a key factor in