Conference Session

Technical Session 3d

Collection

2017 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

R. Radharamanan, Mercer University

Tagged Topics

Pacific Southwest Section

. Figure 1: Knee anatomy3D Scanner (Reverse Engineering)Using a 3D scanner to obtain solid models from an existing product in order to create a new oneis a process classified as a reverse engineering method. Abella et al5 described reverseengineering as “the basic concept of producing a part based on an original or physical modelwithout the use of an engineering drawing”. Based on this concept, the reverse engineering wasapplied in this project through a 3D scanner. A 3D scanner is a device for creating highresolution, accurate digital 3D models from real-world objects. The scanner is built aroundstereo-vision and structured light projection in order to generate 3D. The scanner is controlled by3D scanning software that runs on a computer. A 3D

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 3; The Best of All the FPD Papers

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noel Kathleen Hennessey, The University of Arizona; Rebecca Primeau, University of Arizona

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

developmental experience for first and second year students. The environmentof both peer and administrative support has given students the opportunity to thrive in rigorouscoursework, develop confidence in their planning, organization, and leadership skills, andconnect their academic work to real-life applications of engineering. IntroductionThe Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U), in a 2007 report titledCollege Learning for a New Global Century, highlights integrative learning as one of fiveessential learning outcomes for preparing students to address twenty-first century challenges.Integrative learning, “the application of knowledge, skills and responsibilities to new settings

Conference Session

Effective Tools for Teaching Engineering Economy

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phil Rosenkrantz, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

found it valuable on a personal level. Severalstudents said they would have liked more in-depth instruction regarding the use of EXCELspreadsheets. Comments from students also indicated they thought the project due date should beearlier in the quarter to separate it from the team project and other end-of-quarter obligations.Learning Strategy #2: Collaborative learning and building a learning community. Collaborativelearning is a proven strategy for engaging students in learning and keeping them accountable. Italso embodies constructivist theory through experiential learning using real-world contexts 4.Learning Activity #2: From an on-line survey assignment completed during the first week, eachstudent identified an "area of practical application

Conference Session

Successful K-12 Programs for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Gehrig, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Stephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Anthony Brizendine, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

TechnologyAbstractThe future of America’s global competitiveness depends upon a well-educated, technologically literateworkforce. However, if proactive measures are not taken in the near future, the United States will face aserious shortage of scientists, engineers, technologists, and mathematicians because high school students,especially those from underrepresented groups, are increasingly losing interest in these subjects. The keyin reversing this trend lies in our ability to promote science, technology, engineering and math (STEM)subjects and professions in a more socially relevant, real-world context and to recognize the differences inlearning styles and self-efficacy between males, females and minorities. In an effort to increase thenumber and diversity

Conference Session

Design Projects in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tony Jones, United States Army; Daisie Boettner, United States Military Academy; Joel Dillon, United States Military Academy; Stephanie Ivey; Anna Lambert, University of Memphis; Brian Novoselich, United States Military Academy; Stephen Suhr, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

… because I will be in charge of a group of my peers and need to motivate them to accomplish a task. …as a leader in the Army, I will use this knowledge to get the best out of everyone and get the mission done as best as it can be. Also, I 2 learned time management skills I think it will be the same way in the Follower Army. All things need to be done but some things are crucial and need to get done and be done well for the mission to be a success. The project was very beneficial to my future engineering an officer career because it presented a problem with constraints that could be 3 solved in many different ways. Like the real world, there

Conference Session

Infusing Engineering Content Through Curricular Innovation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Linda Desjardins, Northern Essex Community College; Paul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College; Lori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

late elementary and middle school years as a prime reasonthat proposals aimed at elementary and middle school students were being sought.At the suggestion of the University of Massachusetts Lowell, it was agreed that acommunity college partner would be the lead on this proposal. Northern EssexCommunity College agreed to be the lead partner and Middlesex Community Collegegave its full support to this arrangement.There was widespread agreement among the partners about major problems facingelementary schools, (oftentimes, teachers most comfortable in language arts were askedto teach every subject including all STEM disciplines), and the statewide Grade 5 tests inScience and Technology/Engineering were putting real pressure on schools to

Conference Session

Aspects of Engineering Literacy and Community and Industry Engagement

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lina Trigg, William Mason High School; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

mostly alone, of subsets numbering technique tend to but confers with in the 100s communicate better others for ● communication can confirmation be difficultThere is a need to identify and characterize the tools and techniques that are used byprofessionals in industry to solve complex problems, particularly in research and development ordesign. This characterization of the tools and techniques used in industry could be used to guidethe design of more authentic engineering instruction in academia. The resulting instructionwould better prepare students to solve real world complex

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jing Zhang, Virginia State University; Yongjin Lu, Virginia State University ; Zhifu Xie, Virginia State University; Dawit Haile, Virginia State University; Keith Williamson, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

their stability and efficiency [7]. From a university’s perspective, its tie to the industry goes beyond grants. Univer-sity engineering, mathematics, and economics programs have been widely criticizedfor lack of practical training. Its goal focuses more on students’ understanding ofempirical conclusions in each discipline, but less on students’ skills of creativelyapplying their knowledge for solutions of real world engineering problems. How-ever, these skills are what industrial firms really hope to find from their prospectiveemployees. This is referred as gap between graduates’ readiness and industry’srequirement and has been studied in the areas such as software engineering [11].Overall, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

Conference Session

Embedding Sociotechnical Systems Thinking I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines; Stephanie Claussen, Colorado School of Mines; Jenifer Blacklock, University of Colorado, Boulder; Barbara M. Moskal, Texas Tech University; Olivia Cordova, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

development of aninstrument for measuring students’ sociotechnical change over the course of a semester.Theoretical Background on Sociotechnical IntegrationPracticing engineers encounter technical problems situated in social contexts with real clients,stakeholders, and diverse perspectives. The importance of social context is acknowledged byNSF’s Professional Formation of Engineers initiative, which emphasizes the “formal andinformal processes and value systems by which people become engineers” and “the ethicalresponsibility of practicing engineers to sustain and grow the profession in order to improvequality of life for all peoples” [9]. Social contexts can shape (and be shaped by) technicalproblems. Engineering practice involves contextualized

Conference Session

Working at the Intersection of Industry and Academia

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas M. Freeman, Michigan Technological University; Michelle E. Jarvie-Eggart, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

functional andbut in today’s broadband world short videos (ideally 6 minutes or less) [7]​make your course seem more like the internet experience your students are accustomed to.One of the first things you normally do in your class is introduce yourself. In an online class,introductions are even more important as they are one of the first points of contact with you as aninstructor and likely the first one where they see you visually. Video introductions help yourstudents feel more connected to you and lets them know there is a real, live faculty member ​ )(4 ), (5)​.behind the course. They support teaching pres​ence, which is essential to online success (3

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments & Programs

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Theodore Dibble; Carrie Hernandez; Abbie Wells; Steven Barrett

lower the cost than commercially available trainers.Furthermore, students were exposed to a real world design problem and all of the inherent relatedissues such as: working on a design team, interacting with highly skilled technicians, budgetconstraints, timelines, manufacturability issues, reliability issues, and customer satisfaction. Page 8.1216.1 “Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition Copyright 2003, American Society foe Engineering Education”We will describe how the program was instituted along with potential pitfalls and successes.Most importantly we

Conference Session

Mechanics Concepts I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shawn P. Gross, Villanova University; David W. Dinehart, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

effort in recent years focused on implementing newtechniques to the teaching of engineering mechanics. This work has included combiningtraditional statics topics in a heavily design oriented backdrop (Russell 7, Condoor 8, Klosky etal. 9), focusing on application to real artifacts (Seif and Dollar 10), and combining statics conceptswith those from mechanics of solids and machine design (Chaphalkar 11). Recent effortsdocument successes with utilizing an inverted classroom (Papadopoulos et al.12) and otherinnovative pedagogies. The goal of improving educational outcomes via a highly interactiveclassroom has been shown to be successful in formats where lectures and laboratories arecombined and problem-based active learning techniques are

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yue Bi, University of Virginia; Reid Bailey, University of Virginia; Michael C. Smith, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

Paper ID #9467Evaluation of Blended Learning Technologies in a Large Enrollment Case-based Systems Engineering CourseYue Bi, University of Virginia Yue Bi is an undergraduate student double majoring in Systems Engineering and Economics at the Univer- sity of Virginia. She has been conducting research on blended learning using statistical analysis for over half a year. With an interest in data analysis and its application to the real world, she has interned at the National Institutes of Health, providing policy recommendations. She has also interned at Ernst & Young, LLP., contributing to the Fraud Technology

Conference Session

ABET Criterion 4 and Liberal Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary Gabriele

the degree requirements for mechanical engineering, and a set ofanalytical skills for understanding society and culture through meeting the degree requirementsfor STS. But the backbone of PDI is the sequence of eight design studios, one every semester,that aim to integrate all three dimensions of the program - the technical, the aesthetic, and thesocial - with an emphasis on creativity and the imaginative application of new technologies andmaterials. The design studios help students to explore and develop their creativity while buildinga portfolio of design experiences continuously throughout all four years.This paper will describe the PDI program, its goals, how it was formulated, and reviewexperiences we have had in offering this innovative

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Hy Tran; Catherine Clewett

work.The students will complete many of the requirements for designing and developing models andexperiment, using the scientific method, and presenting their research to their peers andteachers. Additionally, they will be forced to determine the efficacy of different approaches aswell as use cost and time analysis as decision making tools. In learning about the processes usedin making MEMS, the students will also have a chance to see the environmental impact of thefabrication techniques. Overall, in a short course, the student not only achieves many of thestandards expected in their grade level, they get a chance to see the relevance of their work inclass to the “real world”.Although they have frequently had advanced coursework in the sciences

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Kathleen Bucholz, Duke University; David Ward, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering Division (BED)

filter. Display the reconstructed im- age. Comment on the di↵erence between this reconstructed image verses the reconstructed image in (b). What is this equivalent to in the real world? 14(h) Display the image below.(i) Simulate what might happen in your reconstructed image if one detector’s scintillation crystal fell o↵ and reports no signal for all theta. Display your reconstructed image with one detector crystal missing and upload it below.(j) How might this be di↵erent for di↵erent generations of CT scan- ners? 15 (k) In class, we’ve talked about how the 0o and 180o radon trans- forms will have the same data. Is this always true? What factors might

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Technical Session 4: Professional Preparation

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kremer, Ohio University; Timothy Cyders; Cody Petitt; Kouree Chesser, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

requirement.Students wrote reflections on their own professional development, wrote executive summaries ofdifferent portions of their work to business and engineering audiences separately, and a finaltechnical report on their engineering work over the course of the term. This direct identificationof skills and correlation to real-world activities in the experience represented the most significantpedagogical work in developing the pilot.The instructors were high-level faculty from their respective areas, with direct experience intechnology startups such that they could supply whatever level of background was necessary forthe students’ needs over the course of the term. This was highly inefficient in terms of instructortime, but was an effective method for

Conference Session

Charting Inclusivity: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Technology in Engineering and Computing Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Halpern, University of New Hampshire; Mariah Arral, Carnegie Mellon University; Cassandra Michelle Lafleur, University of New Hampshire; Sarah Young; Elise Baribault, University of New Hampshire; Julianna Gesun, University of New Hampshire

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

. Actually Meet ______ Would Like to Meet ______ Q34: Over Zoom/Teams: a. Actually Meet ______ Would Like to Meet ______ Q35: Other (please specify): a. Actually Meet ______ Would Like to Meet ______ Q36: The time spent with my research professor/mentor is well used. [Yes/Depends/No]Q37-45. During your most recent research experience, HOW OFTEN did you: 1 = None 2 = A Little 3 = Some 4 = A Fair Amount 5 = A Great Deal 6 = Not Applicable Q37: Engage in real-world science and engineering research Q38: Feel like a scientist or engineer Q39: Think

Conference Session

Issues and Answers in Mathematics Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter J. Sherman, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

instruments) may lead to the useof brain areas devoted to sensory and motor (sensorimotor) processing when students later thinkand reason about the physics concepts they experienced.”(FP-2): “Conceptualizing Non-Contact Forces” Award #1043026 . “The project will investigatethe efficacy of real-time, interactive visuohaptic (visualization and force feedback) simulationsfor teaching STEM concepts. It focuses on the learning of non-contact forces, whereconceptualization of force fields, traditionally represented visually by field lines, may beenhanced by the ability to feel the forces directly. The research team partners a haptic engineerand visualization expert with a science education researcher. A key pedagogical innovation of

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Laboratories I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard J. Ruhala, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

help reinforce the course learningoutcomes. A semester laboratory course in vibrations would still have room in the schedule foradditional experiments not describe here that can be done using the research caliber equipment to Page 22.723.5evaluate real world vibration of structures, machines, and/or consumer products, or used withstudent design projects involving vibration isolators. The combination of theory-reinforcing labsand application-oriented labs are desirable to help student connect theory with to real-worldengineering problems.Course description and learning outcomesENGR 363 – Vibrations – at the University of Southern Indiana, is a

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Professional Practice 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sydney Donohue Jobe, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University; Paris Eisenman, University of New Mexico; Ethan Kapp, University of New Mexico; Carl Lyle Abadam, University of New Mexico; Vanessa Svihla, University of Texas at Austin; Anjali Mulchandani, University of New Mexico

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

, the hallmark method of the learning sciences, inwhich learning designs are tested under real-world conditions. The study was in a first-yearCCEE course at University of New Mexico, a Hispanic-serving institution in the AmericanSouthwest. The 3-credit course was taught in two sections, with 92 enrolled, and 64 studentsproviding informed consent for survey data analysis. The first challenge focused onenvironmental engineering as students addressed acid mine drainage in the Southwestern states.The second challenge focused on concrete mixes for the American Society of Civil Engineersconcrete canoe competition. The challenges were structured in a series of deliverables addressingresearch of the problem, design and testing of a proposed solution

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

NADIYE O. ERDIL; KOENRAAD E. GIESKES

would be both creative for students and applicable in real life,the residential assistants suggested that a miniature golf course for use in the Mountainview Communitywould be utilized by the residents if it were portable. Having students work on the design of a portableminiature golf course seemed like an excellent application for our purpose, and a fully formed projectplan was developed. The project was divided into two stages. The first stage was to design a portable baseupon which the holes would be built, and the second stage was the actual design of the obstacles on thegolf course. Since the golf course was to be fabricated on campus, it was decided that one semester wasnot enough time to complete the whole project. Therefore, the project

Conference Session

ECE-Student Learning and Academic Performance

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Mikhelson, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2018.[18] “Esp32 projects from northwestern university’s embedded electronics class,” https://hackaday.com/2022/12/12/ esp32-projects-from-northwestern-universitys-embedded-electronics-class/, Accessed: 2025-01-13.[19] “Embedded ai market size, share, trends, industry analysis report: By offering (hardware, software, and services), data type, industry verticals, and region (north america, europe, asia pacific, latin america, and middle east & africa) – market forecast, 2024–2032,” Polaris Market Research, 2024.[20] “Real-time operating system market size - by offering, by application, forecast, 2024 - 2032,” Global Market Insights, 2024.[21] Lorenzo Moreno-Ruiz, D Castellanos

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) Technical Session 3

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cari Kaurloto, University of Southern California; Jane Lah, University of Southern California; Alvaro Quezada, Caltech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD)

applying these skillsto complex, real-world problems [6] [7]. This disconnect is further amplified among STEMstudents due to the rapid pace of information that is generated among these disciplines and theplethora of resources available to obtain the information [8]. Another contributing factor is thatstudents use their information literacy skills to focus on achieving good grades rather thanlifelong learning [9]. Therefore, it is no surprise that lifelong learning is one of the lowest rankedskills demonstrated by engineering graduates, despite an increased emphasis on lifelong learning[10]. In response to the complexities and evolving nature of information literacy in STEMdisciplines, the librarian team identified a critical need to pivot

Conference Session

Expanding Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Engineering Cultures from a Theoretical Perspective

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Joel Alejandro Mejia, University of San Diego; Renata A. Revelo, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

(PWIs) and Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs). We note some limitations ofthe color-blind racism theory as we have applied it, offer some practical applications of thetheory to consider, and issue a call to action for both engineering education researchers andengineering instructors.IntroductionThis position paper aims to prompt engineering education researchers and engineeringinstructors to think about how engineering as a profession, and engineering education, have beenstructured as a predominantly White discipline, and how it maintains this demographicimbalance despite decades of calls and work to diversify it. As many researchers and federalreports have noted [1-3], women and men of color and White women participate in much lowerrates in

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri II

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Shehadi, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

oriented, self-directed, and collaborative pedagogicalstrategy that guides the students’ learning process through an active learning environmentintroducing them to various challenges and techniques that help them succeed in their futurecareers. PBL can offer a better vehicle through which to teach and retain a concept, providing aricher context in which subject matter can be learned and practiced.Companies and communities rely on team work to achieve success and are seeking graduates whocan work successfully on a team. The current real-world problems are more global and they usuallydo not fit within the boundaries of a single discipline. The knowledge needed by engineeringtechnology program graduates upon joining an industrial factory is various

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Carroll, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Eng.; Scott A. Sell, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Eng.; Michelle B. Sabick, Saint Louis University, Parks College of Eng.

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

cons.Day 2—Value Creation Mindset Following the discussion about entrepreneurship and innovation, the next session focusedon value creation. The objectives of the session were to examine a revenue-neutral conception ofvalue and demonstrate a two-matrix model of evaluating value for their students. The presenterbegan with a discussion of the traditional engineering skillset and how a value creation mindsetis missing. The presenter provided a real-world example of value creation featuring the “LuckyIron Fish” [37] and then led the participants through an activity focused on creating value.Lastly, the presenter noted that value is relative, it depends on context and situation, and it hasmultiple dimensions. However, some value misconceptions

Conference Session

Maps, Metaphors, Tweets, and Drafts

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean Michael Ferguson, University of Virginia; Rider W. Foley, University of Virginia; John Kofi Eshirow Jr., University of Virginia; Catherine Claire Pollack, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

]. The course goal was to expose engineeringstudents to social and community issues. They believed that having a course that tackled issuesfaced in underrepresented communities would help them recruit more women and minorities.The pedagogical theory employed allowed the students to learn more because they would beinteracting more with each other while hearing about real-world issues that are out of theircomfort zones, such as police homicide rates on minorities in metropolitan cities. This caseillustrates that engineers can acquire new knowledgeable about the broader societal context ifthey engage in interdisciplinary liberal arts education. The Science, Technology, and Society(STS) courses at the UVA share traits with this style of curriculum

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 6: Hands-on Projects and Spatial Skills

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Ocif Love, Northeastern University; Susan F Freeman, Northeastern University; Kris Jaeger-Helton, Northeastern University; Richard Whalen, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

tables, white boards, and have lockable mobile carts for each design team. Thedevelopment of these facilities has been shown to have clear value and support the university’svision of multidisciplinary and hands-on learning. Page 26.1189.4In 2009, the Rice University Brown School of Engineering opened the Oshman EngineeringDesign Kitchen.16 This facility has a structure similar to many other university design centersand was created to provide an environment where classroom knowledge could be combined withhands-on skills to create real-world applications. The primary goals listed for the Kitcheninclude providing a space where undergraduate students

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy and Curriculum 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Kristine Sheridan, University of Toronto; Robert Irish, University of Toronto; Jason A. Foster, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

within a team and with instructors. Anecdotally, for some students producing atangible result may increase motivation.Practice-based pedagogy, and the related concepts of authentic or situated learning, all suggestthat learning is enhanced when it mirrors “real world” practice.11 This mirroring can include thetasks, resources, and supports provided to, and the deliverables expected of, students, but canalso include the environment, both physical and social, in which the learning takes place. Two ofthe principles that guide the design of such environments, referred to as “practice fields”, wereexplicitly adopted as requirements for this activity: “Dilemmas are Ill-Structured” and “Support