Conference Session

Using Technology to Improve IE Education

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Uanny Brens Garcia; Douglas Bodner

motivates the VIS. In Section 3, wedescribe the VIS concept. Section 4 presents a specific VIS learning system in productionplanning. Section 5 discusses our deployment and assessment results to date. We conclude withplans for future work and dissemination of the VIS.2. Motivation and BackgroundImproving student learning has motivated new approaches to teaching in the engineeringcurriculum. This has led to innovative hands-on and project-based courses, and to the use ofeducational technology. While an exhaustive listing of new teaching approaches and techniques Page 7.1199.1is beyond the scope of this paper, several example efforts can be

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Chetan Sankar; P.K. Raju

, a lot of American people will become unhappy since we will be perceived to not be utilizing the taxpayer's dollars appropriately. The risk incurred by a few astronauts on the flight is outweighed by the obligation to pursue new innovations and utilize the taxpayer’s dollars effectively. The American taxpayer has bet about $14 billion on the shuttle. NASA is betting its reputation. The Air Force is betting its reconnaissance capability. The astronauts are betting their lives. Without a national consensus to back our operations, the shuttle program is a victim of year by year funding policies. We cannot just

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Per Reinhall; Michael Jenkins; Joyce Cooper; Angela Linse; Eric Stuve

courses and additional teaching duties at large research institutions are always metwith a certain amount of skepticism among the faculty. Without additional incentives it is hard tomotivate faculty over new teaching initiatives. This has not been the case for the fuel cell project.Why? It is because fuel cell engineering is a very active research area with plenty of room fornew innovations. So we are in essence establishing a research program with the help of anundergraduate design program. It is a program where the endless stream of seniors is actuallyexpanding the knowledge base to the benefit of the institution and the faculty. Much has beenwritten lately about getting undergraduates involved in research programs. In the fuel cell

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Narayanan Komerath

. Various measurement techniques Integrating diverse sources of and instrumentation types knowledge involved: must work together. No student knowledgeable in all the techniques. Obtaining everyone’s input on Cross-discipline innovation how to solve various problems Getting students other than PhD Retaining depth in team candidates to align and operate the capabilities experiments Getting all students to be aware of Synchronizing progress problems which have been

Conference Session

Engineering Design in Pedagogy

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kyungsuk Park, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education, K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

and their applications. The National Center for Technological Literacy suggested, Page 22.774.2“While most people spend 95% of their time interacting with the technologies of the human-made world, few know these products are made through engineering, the missing link thatconnects science and math with innovation” 1. The discrepancy between our society’s relianceand dependence on technology and our ability to understand various technological issues hasemerged as a serious concern for educators. “Technology is the outcome of engineering; it is rarethat science translates directly into technology, just as it is not true that engineering is

Conference Session

They're Not "Soft" Skills!

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eckehard Doerry, Northern Arizona University; James Dean Palmer, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Page 22.832.3projects.2.0 Evaluating Individual Performance in Student Design TeamsAs awareness of the value of integrated training in a broad range of “soft skills”, includingteaming, project management, and oral and written communication into the modern engineeringcurriculum in engineering education has grown in the past decades, many engineering programswere redesigned to include one or more project courses in the curricular core. The engineeringprograms at Northern Arizona University were among the first to embrace this development fully,deploying the innovative Design4Practice (D4P) curriculum in 1996 [10-12]. This practice-oriented engineering curriculum, crafted with extensive input from industry, was designed toprovide students with

Conference Session

Open-Ended Problems and Student Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen M. Bursic, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

University of Pittsburgh. Her principal research is in engineering education assessment, which has been funded by the NSF, Department of Edu- cation, Sloan Foundation, Engineering Information Foundation, and the NCIIA. Mary’s current research focuses on three distinct but highly correlated areas innovative product design, entrepreneurship, and modeling. She has served as an associate editor for the JEE and is currently associate editor for the AEE Journal. Page 22.836.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Improving Student Attainment of ABET Outcomes Using Model

Conference Session

Globalizing Engineering Education II: Best Practices

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yating Chang, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yi Shen, Purdue University; Joe J.J. Lin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Daniel Hirleman, University of California, Merced; Eckhard A. Groll, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

ASEE Global Programs

, multivariate statistics, and nonparametric statistical techniques as well as qualitative analysis to measurement development and model construction for assessing learning and evaluating innovations in intercultural educational practice and global engineering programs.Joe J.J. Lin, Purdue University, West Lafayette Joe J.J. Lin is a Ph.D. student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. His research interest includes: student success models in engineering, global engineering education, teamwork and team effectiveness, and production systems control and optimization. He worked as a production control engineer in Taiwan, and has taught laboratory classes in manufacturing engineering and freshmen engi

Conference Session

Emerging Information Technologies

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard G. Helps, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

Evaluations During the 2008-2009 Accreditation Cycle A. Inc., 2007.3 S. Gorka, et al., "Developing realistic capstone projects in conjunction with industry," presented at the Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGITE conference on Information technology education, Destin, Florida, USA, 2007.4 J. S. Lamancusa, et al., "The Learning Factory: Industry-Partnered Active Learning," Journal of Engineering Education, p. 7, January 2008 2008.5 L. H. Jamieson, et al., "Creating a Culture for Scholarly and Systematic Innovation in Engineering Education: Ensuring U.S. engineering has the right people with the right talent for a global society," American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE)2009.6 D. A

Conference Session

Poster Sessions for Unit Operations Lab Bazaar and Tenure-Track Faculty

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deniz Rende, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Nihat Baysal, Yeditepe University; Sevinc Rende, Isik University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

are needed. Students benefit if a project management and teamwork orientation isintroduced to the curriculum. 2, 3In this study, we describe the design of the three consecutive Unit Operations Laboratory (UOL)courses offered by the Department of Chemical Engineering at Yeditepe University, Istanbul,Turkey. The course design introduces professional skills while preserving the core componentsof the UOL courses. We track the course outcomes with a graduate survey to assess theeffectiveness of additional components introduced in course design. Our paper contributes to theliterature firstly by innovative design of a UOL course and secondly by measuring courseeffectiveness by a graduate survey. The paper starts with describing the institutional

Conference Session

Developing Systems Engineering Curriculum, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Agnes Galambosi, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Ertunga C. Ozelkan, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

larger entities and how these larger entities include natural Page 22.916.4and manmade environments in a more encompassing whole. [..] and “systems thinking can helpstudents appreciate the complexity and tensions behind sustainability-related issues and provideframeworks and tools for developing and implementing solutions.”Boks and Diehl[9] described the challenge of integrating sustainability issues into a regularindustrial design engineering product innovation course. Instead of just requiring students’assignments to show how sustainable product concepts can be incorporated to a traditionalbusiness, they tried to put sustainability into a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Dhruv Sakalley, Drexel University; Holly Burnside, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

both its objectives and practice (laboratories, experiments, andmaterials), fulfills the aims of a sustainable curriculum on several levels. First, nanotechnologyenables innovation in the areas of renewable energy, toxic waste remediation, more efficient useof materials, substitution for scarce materials, and affordable healthcare. Smith and Granqvist59provide a survey of sustainable Green nanotechnologies for electric lighting and daylighting(luminaries), heat and electricity via solar energy, cooling devices, air sensing and cleaning,thermal insulation, and electrical storage, using nanotechnology similar to the subjects of ourproposed laboratory projects. Second, Lean approaches are predicated on waste reduction—“doing more with less.” Such

Conference Session

SE Tools and Techniques

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeff Ringenberg, University of Michigan; Marcial Lapp, University of Michigan; Apoorva Bansal, University of Michigan; Parth Shah, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

humps.www.cs.mdx.ac.uk/research/PhDArea/saeed/paper1.pdf Page 22.1490.9[7] Caspersen M., Larsen K., and Bennedsen J. (2007). Mental models and programming aptitude. Proceedings ofthe 12th annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, 206-210.[8] Bennedsen J. & Caspersen M. (2006). Abstraction ability as an indicator of success for learning object-orientedprogramming? ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 38(2): 39-43.[9] Bennedsen J. & Caspersen M. (2008). Abstraction ability as an indicator of success for learning computingscience? Proceedings of the Fourth international Workshop on Computing Education Research, 15

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chung-Suk Cho, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; David S. Cottrell, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Candace E. Mazze, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

This relatively low cost venture works to deliberately advance discovery andunderstanding of the utility of a newly emerging classroom teaching and learning paradigmcoupled with integration of a real world, hands-on opportunity to apply fundamentals ofconstruction methods and materials. To accomplish this objective, the project promoteseffective, engaging teaching, trains faculty in innovative techniques for active-learning, andgauges success primarily by evaluating student learning. However, the significance does notstop with student learning but rather extends to the University as well as to the community – both Page 22.1243.13academic and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tirupalavanam G. Ganesh, Arizona State University; Johnny Thieken, Arizona State University; Lisa Stapley Randall, Arizona State University; Alison W. Smith, SRP

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

in Educational Studies (minor in Special Education) and a Master of Education in Teaching and Learning (emphasis in English for speakers of other languages), both from the University of Oregon. Alison was a 4th grade teacher at Excelencia Elementary School in the Creighton School District in Phoenix, Arizona, receiving numerous awards and honors for her teaching. Alison is passionate about education, and the innovative teaching of science and math. Alison currently works as SRP’s Community Outreach Liaison to Education. Page 22.1238.1 c American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jack L. Beuth, Carnegie Mellon University; Rohit Kumar, Carnegie Mellon University; Carolyn Penstein Rose, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

-Resistant Anti-Corrosion Coatings for Steels. Dr. Beuth’s initiatives in education have included the integration of computer-aided engineering projects throughout the CMU ME undergraduate curriculum. His latest research is in collaboration with the CMU Human-Computer Inter- action Institute, developing software agent-monitored collaborative projects for undergraduate courses. Dr. Beuth was a recipient of the 1998 Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award. In 2000, he was awarded George Tallman and Florence Barrett Ladd Development Professorship in Mechanical Engineering. In 2005 Dr. Beuth was co-recipient of the ASME Curriculum Innovation Award. In 2009 Dr. Beuth received the Benjamin Richard Teare Teaching Award from the

Conference Session

Computers in the Laboratory

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Biswanath Samanta, Georgia Southern University; Jonathan G. Turner, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

), both within and outsidethe US1-8. The shift in emphasis from traditional discipline-specific to multidisciplinary domains,specifically in the US, is due to a host of factors that include budgetary pressure and the need toretain competitive edge of US in innovation through STEM education and research for the 21stcentury. Multidisciplinary research is viewed as a means to revitalize STEM education providingreal-world, hands-on research experiences to students for better recruitment, retention,progression and graduation9-17. Education research also supports and advocates the learningcentered environment for engineering education in the 21st century18-24. Mechatronics, Roboticsand Computational intelligence (CI), derived from inspirations from the

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reid Bailey, University of Virginia; Joanne Bechta Dugan, University of Virginia; Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology; Matthew E. McFarland, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

(reduced power consumption or fast switchingtime for example). All too often the two groups of engineers cannot achieve a full collaborativeinnovation without substantial prior experience. At the system level, the scope of the capabilitiesand limitations of the specific components is invisible. At the component level, innovations andoptimizations may be misaligned with product needs. At the component level, engineers “push”technological advances; at the system level, engineers attempt to “pull” components to fillanticipated needs. This balance between “push” and “pull” is a delicate balance that is facilitatedby extensive engineering experience. The LEP attempts to “jump start” this push/pull balanceby encouraging students to analyze and design at

Conference Session

Assessment and Accreditation in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David S. Cochran, Southern Methodist University and Meijo University; Makoto Kawada, Meijo University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

within the designatedsystem boundary and to the tone and mindset of the people internal to the system relative to thepeople external to it. The flame model illustrates that innovation, discovery and improvementrequires openness to other people’s ideas. It is an adaptation of Chris Argyris’ work, because ofthe addition of the thinking layer of system design and the use of the System Design Language toexpress the thinking in an unambiguous way [20,21]. The concept of tone is inspired by DavidBohm’s expression of dialogue [22]. A meaningful part of dialogue is to use “I” language… torealize that one’s statement is one’s own way of thinking and not necessarily the thinking ofother people internal or external to the system boundary. The System Design

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raymundo Arroyave, Texas A&M University; Miladin Radovic, Texas A&M University; Jefferey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

improving the welfare of society.5) Engineers in my field are perceived by 4.26 4.22 -0.04 4.42 4.42 0others to be innovative.6) I am studying engineering because it 3.05 2.87 -0.18 3.08 3.16 0.08will provide me with a lot of money.7) I really enjoy the subjects of science and 4.35 3.74 -0.61 4.61 4.53 -0.08mathematics.8) Engineering is the most rewarding future 3.66 3.87 0.21 4.11 4 -0.11career I can imagine

Conference Session

Accreditation and Outcomes-based Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M. Riley, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

devalue efforts toward inclusion and social justice, and to even resistrecognizing injustice in their midst. Future engineers learn to ignore their own privilege, orignore marginalized identities they may themselves possess.46 All of this lies beneath a surfacerhetoric of egalitarianism and meritocracy in engineering. Ultimately it does not matter how wetreat each other in the classroom, as long as we meet the outcomes in the end.What has EC 2000 accomplished?My own experience in founding a new engineering program after EC 2000 is that the newcriteria gave us an opening to justify the development of an innovative program in bothpedagogical and curricular terms.47-50 I know on a day to day basis that what I do in theclassroom is a radical

Conference Session

Methods of Teaching and Learning in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward Godfrey Ochieng, Liverpool John Moores University ; Andrew David Price, Loughborough University; Ximing Ruan Ruan, Robert Gordon University; Yassine Melaine, Liverpool John Moores University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

the Department of Civil and Building Engineering at Loughborough University, with more than 30 years design, construction, and industry-focused research experience. His current research focuses on two core strands: the innovative planning, design, and construction of healthcare infrastructure and faculties; and the planning, design, and assessment of sustainable urban environments. Current research projects include Open Planning for Operationally Ready Acute Healthcare Estate - A Multiple Factor Scenario- based Framework; Strategic Asset Management and the Integration of Contestable Health and Social Care Service and Estates Design; Nurturing an Evidence-based Learning Environment, which supports the Innovative

Conference Session

Advances in Assessment of Communication and Interdisciplinary Competence

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Kusbit Dunn, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

secondary forms as well as issuessuch as plagiarism and proper citation of sources. The assignment for this week is for students tolocate an innovation in their field, and find three reliable sources of information on theinnovation. Students then write a paper explaining the innovation itself, and evaluate the threeresources they have chosen based on content taught in class. This assignment becomes the basisfor a proposal and a technical report written later in the semester, and students are urged to bothchoose a topic that will support more detailed inspection and sources that are comprehensive. After the fourth week, the focus turns to the more common forms of technical writing. Inthe fifth through the tenth week, the topics covered are

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Developments, Exchanges, and Best Practices

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holt Zaugg, Brigham Young University; Alan R. Parkinson, Brigham Young University; Spencer P. Magleby, Brigham Young University; Greg Jensen, Brigham Young University; Randall Davies, Brigham Young University; Aaron G. Ball, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

teams going,” Chemical Engineering Progress, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 91-93, 2002.[4] J. M. Grandin, “Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace,” Engineering Education, vol. 1, no. 1, 2006.[5] M. Grudzinski-Hall, H. W. Stewart-Gambino, K. L. Jellison, and R. N. Weisman, “Engineering Students in a Global World : Lehigh University ’ s Global Citizenship Program,” Online Journal for Global Engineering Education, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2007.[6] C. King, “Building trust in global virtual teams : an innovative training model,” Development, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 315-320, 2007.[7] T. A. Koszalka and Y. Wu, “Instructional Design Issues in a Distributed Collaborative Engineering Design (CED) Instructional Environment,” The

Conference Session

Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed Abdelrahman, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Muhittin Yilmaz, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, and industry. He has also focused on collaborative and innovative educational research. Abdelrahman is passionate about outreach activi- ties for popularizing engineering research and education. His activities in that arena included NSF-funded sites for research experience for undergraduates and research experience for Teachers. He has published his research results in more than 90 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings and 30+ technical reports.Dr. Muhittin Yilmaz, Texas A&M University, Kingsville Muhittin Yilmaz received a B.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Pennsylvania State

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noel E. Bormann P.E., Gonzaga University; Mara London, Gonzaga University; Andrew Douglas Matsumoto, Gonzaga University; Melanie Ruth Walter; Spencer Joseph Fry

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

significantincrease in the number of people who live in the peri-urban zones that connect urban areas andfarms in surrounding rural areas. In this boundary zone, the insufficient urban infrastructuredoes not meet critical health needs. Potable water, sanitation, and energy requirements must besatisfied if the families are to move towards a sustainable future. The project goal is to developan innovative integration of sustainable technologies that address a household’s immediatehealth needs by focusing on activities in the kitchen, and to increase the perceived value of theproject results.6 Support for this challenging project is provided by NGO partners in Africa whoassist the students in understanding other cultural settings, and thereby increasing

Conference Session

Ethics Education, Global Health, and Outreach in BME

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

, prioritization of duties, and an analysis of riskwhere appropriate4.The major innovation of this work involves the documentation of the use of the Four A’s strategyin an introductory bioengineering undergraduate course as an effective strategy for solvingethical problems. Previous work has cited the Four A’s-containing text4 as one of the textbooksused to teach the ethics content of a biomedical engineering introductory course, but the FourA’s strategy was not specifically discussed5. A biomedical textbook by Vallero describes theFour A’s strategy as a systematic approach to reduce bias and conflicts of interest in decisionmaking and applies it in the context of animal experimentation6. Though its usefulness isdiscussed, no measure of effectiveness is

Conference Session

Making Headway: Two-year/Four-year Curriculum Alignment and Also U-G Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito G. Enriquez, Cañada College; Catherine Baker Lipe, Cañada College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

campus student organizations.Additionally, the Engineering Department has recently been awarded federal grant funds aimedat strengthening its programs. This includes a Minority Science and Engineering ImprovementProgram (MSEIP) grant from the US Department of Education, an Innovations in EngineeringEducation, Curriculum, and Infrastructure ( IEECI) grant from NSF, and a CurriculumImprovement Improvements Partnership Award for the Integration of Research (CIPAIR) grant.The Cañada College NSF S-STEM program team recognizes the need to increase therepresentation of students from other disciplines, and plans to involve more faculty from thesedisciplines in future recruitment efforts. As an initial step, two new faculty mentors have beenadded to this

Conference Session

Training and Mentoring of Graduate Teaching Assistants

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2012-3934: USING PEER TEACHING OBSERVATIONS TO GIVE FEED-BACK TO GRADUATE TEACHING INSTRUCTORSMs. Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Mary Lynn Brannon is an Instructional Support Specialist and instructor of the Graduate Teaching Assis- tants Seminar at the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education, College of Engi- neering, Penn State University. She has a master’s of arts degree in education and human development specializing in educational technology leadership. Her work focuses on projects that measure and assess student perceptions of learning related to their experiences with engineering course innovations. She has worked extensively in the design of

Conference Session

Ethics and Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christa Walck, Michigan Technological University; Jacqueline E. Huntoon, Michigan Technological University; Jim R. Baker, Michigan Technological University; Jean S. DeClerck, Michigan Technological University; Nora Allred, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

internal evaluator for the project. She conducts applied research in the areas of science and engineering education, as well as basic research in the geosciences.Dr. James R. Baker, Michigan Technological University Jim Baker is Executive Director of Innovation and Industry Engagement at Michigan Technological University, with responsibilities including industrial sponsored research contracting, technology trans- fer, startup business development, and corporate philanthropy. In addition to the intellectual property ethics module described in this paper, he also teaches undergraduate courses on technology commercial- ization and intellectual property law. Baker is a licensed Patent Agent and holds a Ph.D. in environmental