Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 2: Instructional

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Pucha, Georgia Institute of Technology; Bryan Levy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Julie S. Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sunni Haag Newton, Georgia Institute of Technology; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tris Utschig, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

) increasestudent engagement. Peer assisted Individual projects with focus on form and team learning in lectures projects with focus on functionality Collaborative learning in Unconventional ideation methods with divergent lab activities thinking and structured ideation methods with convergent thinking Problem-based learning in individual projects  Document Creative thinking processes Real-world case studies  Metacognitive skills in for team projects

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

Engineering EducationTable 2Lab experience assessed by Industrial Design students________________________________________________________________________Things that worked to help them learn Visualizing how things fit into space, “making it real”. Feedback from the engineering student lab assistants during progress display (pin- up) session. Having the lab assistants present as a resource, especially in the studio. Engineering assistants were not conceptually limiting; they used their imagination. Working in a (design student) group at the beginning when in the engineering lab. Prepared design students for real world where designers and engineers work together. Engineering instructor was

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

progress display (pin- up) session. Having the lab assistants present as a resource, especially in the studio. Engineering assistants were not conceptually limiting; they used their imagination. Working in a (design student) group at the beginning when in the engineering lab. Prepared design students for real world where designers and engineers work together. Engineering instructor was helpful in pin-up sessions and desk critiques.Challenges and barriers to their learning Hard to identify a new design problem, given a lab device.(i.e., no customer or safety or aesthetic complaint given to start design approach) Devices were often older devices, not cutting edge versions. The

Conference Session

Design, Build, Fly (DBF)/AIAA Student Competition/UA

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Boyer, Saint Louis University; Christopher Peck, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, conservative time line. In doing this, communication and decision making skills needed to be implemented. In order to achieve this environment, each team member was assigned tasks based on individual aptitude and the requirements for the vehicle design. Once the organizational portion of the project was implemented, the team was able to focus on the design and fabrication of the aircraft itself. A wide variety of mission parameters are set by AIAA for the competition. After a thorough understanding of these parameters was made, it became clear that the crucial mission of the aircraft is quick assembly which allows for the use in real world combat. The aircraft also needs to be versatile enough to deal with any potential threats

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Experiential Learning and Economic Development II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Karanian, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Gregory Kress, Stanford University; Joel Sadler, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83. 43-54.[6] Bucciarelli, L. L. 1988. An ethnographic perspective on engineering design. Design Studies, 9(3), 36-59.[18] Csikszentimihalyi, M. & Robinson, R.. 1990. The art of seeing: an interpretation of the aesthetic, Malibu, CA: Getty.[22] Edelman, J., Leifer, Repokari, L. & L. Banerjee, B. 2008.. Re-representation: an active agent and mediator in team-based design thinking. HPI Proposal work in progress submitted.[23] Eris, O., Jung, M. & Leifer, L.. 2006. ConExSir: A dialogue based framework of design thinking and discovery. Change Discoveries in Real World Decision-Making, Ohsawa,Y. 329-324, Springer-Verlag: London.[22] Hatchuel, A., Weil, B C-K 2002. Theory: notions and

Conference Session

ECE Pedagogy and Assessment II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esteban Rodriguez-Marek, Eastern Washington University; Min-Sung Koh, Eastern Washington University; Michael Brzoska, Eastern Washington University; Claudio Talarico, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

: Page 14.1281.92 Faculty were torn about not including donations in the final budget. On the one hand in the real world there are nosuch as things are freebies. On the other, this concession encourages students to seek out industry “partners”,thereby practicing communication skills and engaging in real networking. The latter argument won. Learning Objectives (and corresponding mapping to ABET Criteria 3): Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Explain semiconductor material properties (ABET 3a) 2. Apply the characteristics of diodes to create wave shaping circuits (rectifiers, clippers and clampers) (ABET 3a). 3. Apply the characteristics of the zener diode to the design of voltage regulator circuits

Conference Session

Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology; Erin George, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

results because conditions were far from design. Datawas inconclusive for the design exergetic efficiencies. Experimental flow rates for the coils werelower than design, so there was a better coil effectiveness experimentally. For more accurateresults, future testing should be conducted under design conditions. Due to the outdoor airtemperatures during data collection (which were a result of only being able to test while theproject was taking place), it was not feasible to test design conditions while maintainingoccupant comfort in the building. It is recommended that testing be conducted while buildingsare vacant to carry out necessary tests.ConclusionThe capstone project discussed provides students with real world experience by completing

Conference Session

Curriculum and the Classroom

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra L. Furterer, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Cultural Aspects State and statistics of women and  Strategies for women’s and  Cultural aspects of underrepresented minorities in minorities’ engagement in diversity Engineering Engineering in higher education  Winners don’t quit Barriers and challenges for  Strategies for women’s and  Gender STEM stereotypes women and minorities in: higher minorities engagement in the  Real-world stories education, academic positions, workplace  Outreach in organizations: workplace  Strategies for engagement, SWE, AAUW Understanding the importance of overcome biases and challenges  Changing

Conference Session

Engineering Career Attitudes

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah A. Roller, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Sandra A. Lampley, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Monica Letrece Dillihunt, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Michael P.J. Benfield, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Matthew William Turner, University of Alabama, Huntsville

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

. ! ! ! ! ! math problems. I try to do my best on math tests10. because I have an interest in math ! ! ! ! ! jobs.11. I find math interesting. ! ! ! ! !12. I can get good grades in math. ! ! ! ! ! Being able to do math will help me13. ! ! ! ! ! solve real-world problems. Someday I want to do a job that uses14. ! ! ! ! ! math. I ask a friend for help when I do not understand math problems because I15

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitch J. Campion, University of North Dakota; Hossein Salehfar, University of North Dakota; Prakash Ranganathan, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #25239Impact of Electric Vehicles on Residential Power Grid: An Educational Re-viewMitch J. Campion, University of North Dakota Mitch earned a M.S. Electrical Engineering from the University of North Dakota in 2018. His research focused on data mining and informative analytical methods for smart grid applications in power systems. Mitch also focused research effort on development projects for swarms of unmanned aircraft systems. Mitch is currently an Electrical Engineer at United Technologies (UTC) Aerospace Systems.Dr. Hossein Salehfar, University of North Dakota Dr. Hossein Salehfar received his Bachelor of

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jinjushang Chen, Florida State University; Jeannine E. Turner, Florida State University; Min Tang, College of Education, Learning and Cognition Program,Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, beliefs, self-regulation, and achievement.Min Tang, College of Education, Learning and Cognition Program,Florida State University The research interests of mine are: 1) to understand teachers’ pedagogical practices and the potential effects of those practices on students’ critical thinking and epistemic beliefs in engineering domain, 2) to quantify epistemically-related emotions that occur during the epistemic activity, 3) to explore the best pedagogical practices to improve the efficiency integrating classroom project-based learning and students’ real-world problem-solving practice. I have MS degree from Florida State University in Curriculum and Instruction and BA degree from China Nanchang University in English

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Outreach in K12 through College Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton; Elizabeth S Hart, University of Dayton; Laura Kozuh Bistrek, University of Dayton; Shaquille T. Tensley, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

, particularly females toengineering than messages that emphasize math and science skills and the highly technicalapplications of engineering.46, 47 Therefore, outreach activities that are team based, include real-world problem solving that emphasize engineering as a highly creative, helping profession anddemonstrate the breadth of opportunities in the field of engineering are more effective atincreasing a female’s interest in engineering.2, 16, 42, 46-50 As an example, Plant et al reported anincrease in middle-school girls’ interest in engineering after being exposed to a 20-minutenarrative delivered by a computer-generated female agent describing the lives of femaleengineers and the benefits of engineering careers.51 More recently, McCormick, et al

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eun Ah Lee, University of Texas at Dallas; Nicholas Gans, University of Texas, Dallas; Magdalena G Grohman, The University of Texas at Dallas; Marco Tacca, The University of Texas at Dallas; Matthew J. Brown PhD, Center for Values in Medicine, Science, and Technology
, The University of Texas at Dallas

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

social responsibility of engineering (Harris Jr.,2008; Zandvoort et al., 2013). Many have championed a new paradigm for engineeringeducation that integrates strong, technical knowledge with real-world economic, ethical, social,and environmental concerns (Harris Jr., 2008;Volkwein, Lattuca, Terenzini, Strauss, &Sukhbaatar, 2004). Team-based projects and multidisciplinary applications that requirecollaboration with non-engineering students were also recommended (Volkwein et al., 2004).As engineering education moves to engage with the social context of engineering and the socialresponsibilities of engineers, it must focus on the way that students understand engineering ethicsand on whether and how engineering ethics will influence their

Conference Session

Construction Project Delivery and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wesley Martin, Central Washington University; Philip Warren Plugge, Central Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

process which include learning the “specifics of a subject and to learn about one’s ownstrengths and weaknesses as a learner-learning how to learn from experience.” He also suggests,understanding of strengths and weaknesses helps in the application of what is being learned andremoves the process of learning as a special activity in the classroom and becomes an “integraland explicit part of work itself” 9 .With construction education, it is very difficult to take experiences commonly found in the ebband flow of the construction field and simulate them in a classroom setting. Gier and Hurd 4investigated different approaches to active student learning to enhance student engagement in theclassroom. They suggested when students were engaged in real

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justine M. Chasmar, Clemson University; Brian J. Melloy, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

used inclass. Other information sources used by students before the workshop include videos, notesummaries, and other extra materials posted by professors on Blackboard, as well as solutionmanuals.Students outlined organization and transformation techniques including: creating a note sheet,highlighting key ideas, taking notes about the readings, and working real-world exampleproblems. Many rehearsing and memorizing techniques were elaborated including makingflashcards, previewing before class, rereading the chapter, reworking homework and otherproblems, rewriting notes, and utilizing other memorization techniques. Reviewing records wasfrequently mentioned including review class materials, reviewing homework, reviewingmaterials for an exam, and

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Borjana Mikic, Smith College; Al Rudnitsky, Smith College; Annick Jade Dewald; Anjali Karina Desai, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Page 26.1648.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Using a Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environment (CCLE) to Promote Knowledge Building Pedagogy in an Undergraduate Strength of Materials CourseIntroductionNational conversations about higher education in general and undergraduate engineeringeducation in particular have focused on the need to develop 21st century skills and to educatestudents to be active participants in a rapidly evolving knowledge economy1-3. Such skillsinclude the ability to engage in life-long learning, to communicate effectively, and to function onmultidisciplinary teams while engaged in authentic, real-world problems that require

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ching-Kuang Shene, Michigan Technological University; Chaoli Wang, University of Notre Dame; Jun Tao, Michigan Technological University; Melissa Sue Keranen, Michigan Technological University; Jun Ma, Michigan Technological University; Jean Mayo, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

. Page 26.1371.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 SHAvisual: A Visualization Tool for the Secure Hash AlgorithmAbstractData security is vital to the world we live in, and the foundation that secure communication isbuilt upon is cryptography. Cryptography is a course that is regularly offered at colleges anduniversities. In our experience, computer science students find that understanding thesophisticated mathematics behind the crypto-systems is a daunting task, while math majors oftenget lost in the details of the complicated algorithms. Educators need to find a way to helpstudents understand both what the algorithm does and why the algorithm does it. Visualizationtools can be an

Conference Session

Idea Generation and Creativity in Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew D. Lovell P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patricia Brackin P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Richard A House, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Steve Chenoweth, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kay C Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

for creative thought and exploration. It is vital to equip and permit students to cultivatetheir creative problem solving abilities; and let’s face it, the world needs better creative problemsolvers with a technical education. Unfortunately, engineering faculty face similar struggleswhen it comes to space and intentionality for creativity. Moreover, engineering educators as awhole are even less skilled at teaching creativity; some might even say that creativity simplycan’t be taught. But still, the world needs better creative problem solvers with a technicaleducation.This paper details a series of creative problem solving interventions at Rose-Hulman Institute ofTechnology (RHIT) implementing a creative problem solving tool with documented

Conference Session

Computing Technology Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Petr Johanes, Stanford University; Larry Lagerstrom, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

we can create real-world feedback loops based on the models’ measurements. Some forms of discrimination might be overt, but not all are, and unless we are vigilant, we might be engaged in feedback loops in which learning might become more efficient in terms of time and money, but not in terms of civic principles and integrity. [33] • Narrow constraints of knowledge, knowing, and learning. ITS and adaptive learning systems can be considered knowledge-based systems (KBS) in that they model a system of knowledge along with a student’s state of knowledge and then recommend a knowledge- creation trajectory. [13,15] These kinds of tasks fall into the jurisdiction of the study of knowledge and knowing, or epistemology. Most of these

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 10

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anurag Purwar, Stony Brook University; Catherine A. Scott, Stony Brook University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

and microphone to track students’ audio-visual presence. This browseralso disallows opening any other application during the tests. Any anomalies are recorded andflagged for the teaching team to review. Use of Respondus has allowed students to take quizzesand tests from anywhere in the world as long as they have a solid internet connection and a workingcomputer with a webcam and microphone. Students do not have to go a testing center, althoughthey are not precluded from doing so. While the quizzes can be taken over a period of time, examsare scheduled on a certain time and day. Although, the Respondus is not a synchronous proctoringsystem without a live person watching students during the exam, it has proven to be very effectivein the three

Conference Session

Engineering Design for Elementary Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John C. Oliva, Corteva Agriscience; Diane Spence

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #251684th Grade Engineering – Building Upon the Curriculum of Science, Math,and Creativity to Inspire the Next Generation of Engineers (Evaluation)Dr. John C. Oliva, Corteva Agriscience Dr. John C. Oliva has had a diverse career spanning the fields of academia and industry. John spent the first part of his career teaching mechanical engineering as a full-time faculty member, first at Kettering University and later at Grand Valley State University. He then transitioned to the corporate world where he has spent the more recent portion of his career as a professional engineer. John currently works as the Tools &

Conference Session

Improving Teaching and Learning

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Suzanne Balik; Nachiappan Nagappan; Laurie Williams; Julie Petlick; Carol Miller; Miriam Ferzli; Eric Wiebe

' Total Questions Standard No. of 'Give Ups' Standard Section Mean Deviation Mean DeviationPaired 43.11 7.47 1.14 0.90Solo 56.14 30.68 3.17 2.56VII. Pair Section Focus groupsIn the Spring 2002 semester, separate focus groups were run for both students and lab instructorsin the pair sections. In the student focus group, eight major themes were identified: Pairing andLearning, Partnerships’ Negative Dynamics, Communication, Mixed Abilities, Background &Personality, Forming a Partnership, Pairing & Real World Scenarios, Responsibility &Accountability

Conference Session

Developing the Design Skillset

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daria A. Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Seda McKIlligan, Iowa State University; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Madeline Polmear

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

design courses, which arecrucial transitions to professional practice for engineering students, as they create simulations ofthe real world challenges. In capstone courses today, problems are more open-ended than theywere before, students are given more freedom and flexibility in their design processes, and, inmany cases, students interface with professional clients and make decisions without theinstructor [6]. So, generating increasingly diverse initial design ideas becomes more importantfor these courses, and if the students do not have specific tools for generating ideas, they aremore likely to pursue their first obvious idea, creating a higher chance for failure and a lack ofinnovation [7-10].Brainstorming is by far the most familiar and

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Education Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathalie Duval-Couetil, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Elizabeth C. Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University; Jacob Dean Wheadon, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

address student level outcomes and reflectboth “hard” and “professional” skills, can also encompass those traditionally acquired throughentrepreneurship education - including the ability to address real world problems, perceive Page 24.265.9opportunities, lead others, work in multidisciplinary teams, communicate effectively, perceiveopportunities, react and adapt with flexibility in the face of uncertainty, and deal well with riskand failure. There are several published examples of how engineering courses and projectsencompass entrepreneurship knowledge and competencies to meet specific ABET criteria. Theseare primarily conference papers that

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Lili Zhao; Chris Brus; Julie Jessop

technology <0.0001 Men more 4.35 2.43, 7.79 (use of computers and software packages) confident Self-confidence in your engineering ability <0.0001 Men more 3.52 1.94, 6.39 (using math & science to solve real-world problems) confident Self-confidence in your ability to use graphical tools <0.0001 Men more 4.47 2.52, 7.93 (programs such as CAD) confident Level of preparation in technology =0.0001 Men more 2.92 1.67, 5.11 (use of computers and software packages

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Alan Gomez

. Unfortunately, students in many other schools can still graduate having had no practicalcontact with engineering concepts or case studies. A major problem of secondary education is thatschools teach science, technology, and mathematics only in the context of the specific disciplines.This course solves that problem. It shows students the important engineering concepts and hasthem work on real-world case studies resembling the problems they will be solving in anengineering career. Examples of some these exciting case studies can be found on the programswebsite: www.imagine101.comTo begin the course, after teaching them the general concepts of engineering, I try to infuse inthem the excitement that comes from learning how everything we do and touch is

Conference Session

Broadening Participation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary B. Phelps, HEDGE Co.

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

they do not see engineeringand technology as a pathway to their desire of making a difference and/or changing the world, orthey are struggling with the spatial contexts, among a variety of reasons.Changing the Conversation helped identify some of the messaging we needed to work onregarding engineering, and also those messages that resonate most with females, particularly“Engineers make a world of difference”, and “Engineering is essential to our health, happiness,and safety” 3. The resultant campaign to bring visibility to engineering as so much more thanslide rules and pencil protectors has made some small progress in changing the public’sperspective of engineering, but the jury is still out on how big of a difference with females. Is

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Engelken

public relations/publicity campaigns often haveonly temporary impact (“Nothing is as old as yesterday’s news”). Nevertheless, such activities,both those producing true permanent value/improvement and those that don’t, are emphasized inpromotion, tenure, and merit pay decisions, often are quite conspicuous, and, hence, promoterapid “positive feedback” that can produce the impression in new/young faculty that suchactivities are the basis of true Academic Wealth, when in fact, they often are simply facades,smoke and mirrors, or the above-mentioned exercises in futility. This has become to also be Page 2.276.2suspected in the “real world” in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Salinas, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Griselda Salinas; Elizabeth Salinas, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Yocelin Chavez; Virginia Santana; Sherlyn De Alva; Sheila Cardenas Vazquez

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

share their talents and skills in front of their children and classmates. Shellyfelt that the fifth-grade students she serves, most of whom are Mexican American and come fromlow-socio economic backgrounds, needed to see and learn the skills their parents used every dayin their profession. This connection with real-world applications was something more relevant tomany of her students, especially for bilingual students. These actions broke the traditionalpresentations by white collar, doctors, lawyers, and engineers during career days where studentsare exposed to role models who are unfamiliar and may not be present in their homes. This ledShelly, AVE Frontera’s co-founder, to set a vision for the organization which continues to guidefamily

Conference Session

Homer's Epiphany: Making STEM Elementary Woo-hoo!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diallo Wallace, Purdue University; Tamara J Moore, Purdue University; Audeen W. Fentiman, Purdue University; Morgan M Hynes, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

design process serves as a framework for young students to learn science.An engineering-driven STEM unit, consisting of 14 (50-minute) class periods taught in a 6th-grade science class, requires students to work in teams to implement the EDP and learn scientificprinciples needed to meet a goal. Building on the real-world premise of a freight train derailingand spilling its cargo of various minerals into a lake, students plan, design, and iterate ondecision tree processes for sorting, identifying, and recovering the spilled minerals to find theoptimum solution. As students learn about mineral properties and the value of non-renewablemineral resources from the teacher’s presentations, the information is used to support evidence-based reasoning for