Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maryam Darbeheshti, University of Colorado Denver; Miriam Howland Cummings, University of Colorado Denver; Stephanie Ivey, The University of Memphis; David Russomanno, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Karen Alfrey, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Danny King, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Jeffrey Watt; Craig Stewart; Michael Jacobson, University of Colorado Denver; Tom Altman; Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado Denver; Gregory Simon, University of Colorado Denver

, AFOSR, MDA, AFRL, Army and Navy.Katherine Goodman Katherine Goodman is an assistant professor (teaching track) at the University of Colorado Denver. She serves as curriculum lead for Inworks, an interdisciplinary innovation lab within the College of Engineering, Design and Computing. Her research focuses on transformative experiences in engineering education. She is the past division chair of the Technological and Engineering Literacy / Philosophy of Engineering Division (TELPhE).Karen D Alfrey (Associate Dean of Undergraduate Academic Affairs andPrograms)Craig O. StewartJeffrey Watt Professor and Chair, Department of Mathematical Sciences, IUPUI. © American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mala Htun; Amir Hedayati Mehdiabadi, University of New Mexico; Elizabeth Moschella-Smith, University of New Hampshire

-making among professionals by understanding their ethical judgment processes. He is also interested in cultivating educational environments that are inclusive and free of harassment.Elizabeth Moschella-Smith (Research Scientist) Elizabeth Moschella-Smith, Ph.D., is a Research Scientist at the University of New Hampshire’s Prevention Innovations Research Center (PIRC). She graduated with a Ph.D. in Social Psychology and a M.A. in Justice Studies from the University of New Hampshire. Dr. Moschella-Smith has over seven years of experience collecting, managing, and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data and utilizes mixed-method and longitudinal designs in her research. Her research focuses on factors that promote

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Jignesh Rathod; Farouk G. Attia

Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Copyright 2005, American Society for Engineering Educationinput against process design outputs, process design output documentation, processverification and documentation of results of verification.The requirement for skill qualification for the personnel on the supplier’s design team hasbecome mandatory (use of “shall”) and suppliers are expected to have access to researchand development to support product innovation. Moreover, suppliers must now considerthe impact of changing product designs on customer’s assembly operation.The terms “process monitoring” and “process instructions” has been replaced with “jobinstructions” for simplicity and clear understanding. The job instructions are

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Pradeep Bhattacharya; Nikhil Modi; Fred Lacy

trapezoid, or a triangle (in rare cases). The student willalso need to count the number of atoms that sit on this plane, which can be veryconfusing if the student tries to mentally picture this, but it reduces to mere countingwhen using the CAVE. Error free visualization of the plane will then be accomplished,but that would be just half the task. Finding the area of the plane will enable the studentto calculate the density. Innovative examples can be employed to let students realize thatthe best mechanical and electrical properties can be derived only if proper crystalgeometries are used. (Future references to this example within this paper will be given asthe 313 example).Advanced Concepts for Graduate StudentsFor graduate students with some

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geniene K. Minkus, Geniene Minkus Consulting; Meagan C. Pollock, Engineer Inclusion

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

as aschool focused on serving neurodivergent students (also referred to as students withlearning differences). The student populations I have had the privilege of working withare some of the most innovative and resourceful people, while also being some of themost historically excluded from STEM success. The world needs these brilliant minds to help come up with divergent solutions toour world's toughest problems. I became determined to find ways to best support mystudents to feel included, and successful in my own STEM classroom as well as otherSTEM situations. I started attending any professional development available to me withtitles including the words diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB), culturallyresponsive

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geling Xu, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; David Zabner, Tufts University; Jennifer Light Cross, Tufts University; Dustin Ryan Nadler; Steven V. Coxon; Karen Engelkenjohn

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

Amazon’s Alexa [7],[8],[9]. This places students in the role ofend-users of technology, a vitally important thing for them to learn, but does not addressstudents' possible roles as creators of AI and ML models. While learning to use and explore thecapabilities of ML and AI platforms is important as a component of machine learning education,we believe that is also critical for understanding the functioning of AI and ML to train MLmodels. The depth of understanding that comes from training is vital to prepare students to benot just consumers but innovators and informed decision-makers.While AI is new, coding and robotics have been in the classroom for a couple of decades andhave been shown to promote critical thinking, problem-solving, interest and

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelli Paul, Indiana University-Bloomington; Jungsun Kim, Indiana University-Bloomington; Lauren Penney, Indiana University-Bloomington; Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton; Adam Maltese, Indiana University-Bloomington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

STEM program: A latent class analysis,” Science Education, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1100-1125, 2021.[7] C. Tanenbaum, T. Gray, K. Lee, M. Williams, & R. Upton, “STEM 2026: A vision for innovation in STEM education,” US Department of Education, Washington, DC, 2016.[8] H.T. Zimmerman, K.E. Grills, Z. McKinley, & S.H. Kim, “Families’ engagement in making activities related to aerospace engineering: designing for parents as learning partners in pop-up makerspaces,” Information and Learning Sciences, vol. 123, no. 3/4, pp. 154-178., 2022.[9] L.R. McClain, Y.C. Chiu, & H.T. Zimmerman, H. T., “Place‐based learning processes in a family science workshop: Discussion prompts supporting families

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah K. Bauer, Mercer University; Cheng Zhu, Rowan University; Courtney A. Lemasney, Rowan University; Amanda Yannarella, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

polymer bouncy balls to magnetic-levitation trains to waterfiltration systems. Participants also heard from practicing engineers invested in exposing the nextgeneration of female students to the fields of engineering and technology.Program EvaluationThe overall objectives of the SWEET Program were to: 1) increase students’ self-efficacy andmotivation related to STEM contents relative to their participation in the workshop activities, 2)increase student awareness of the excitement and innovation in STEM fields throughparticipation in the workshop activities, and 3) increase enrollment in STEM-related courses andactivities through participation in the workshop activities. To help address the programobjectives, pre- and post-workshop surveys were

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Clark, Ohio Northern University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

. Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University Dr. Rachel Louis Kajfez is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at The Ohio State University. She earned her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Civil Engineering from Ohio State and earned her Ph.D. in Engineering Education from Virginia Tech. Her research interests focus on the inter- section between motivation and identity, first-year engineering programs, mixed methods research, and innovative approaches to teaching. She is the principal investigator for the Research on Identity and Motivation in Engineering (RIME) Collaborative. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Results of Girl Scouts Taking the Draw-an

Collection

2022 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Mirit Shamir; Stacy Hutchinson; Gaea Hock; Ryan Hansen; Jonathan Aguilar; Nathan Hendricks; Prathap Parameswaran; Matthew Sanderson; Rebecca Cors; Melanie M. Derby

socioeconomic innovations to createresilient food, energy, and water systems in semi-arid regions despite natural resources depletion.The traineeship integrates the disciplines of agriculture, engineering, and social science. Ingeneral, students who participated in the NRT capstone have appreciated the opportunity topractice real interdisciplinary work and develop their interdisciplinary communication skills.Capstone course objectives, structure, products, evaluation method and results are discussed.IntroductionThe importance of interdisciplinary training for graduate students has grown to become U.S.policy priority [1] [2]. Responding to that need, the United States National Science Foundationformed a Research Traineeship program, the NRT, to give

Collection

2023 ASEE PNW Section Conference

Authors

Ashton Danielle Greer, Oregon Institute of Technology; Charles Riley, Oregon Institute of Technology; Jintai Wang, Oregon Institute of Technology

Engineering Department. The resurfacing tookplace on a Saturday over approximately seven hours.IV. Lessons LearnedLeading a project of this magnitude came with various benefits and challenges for both facultyand students. Ultimately, students appreciated the opportunity to work on a hands-on projectwith a tie to the local community. The opportunity to work with students and faculty fromdifferent disciplines was generally valued as well. The flexibility of the course structure allowedfor many of the groups to demonstrate exceptional innovation and creativity, exceedingexpectations of the instructors.While some groups exceeded expectations, there were teams that conveyed less enthusiasm fortheir project and developed less satisfactory results. This

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

Rashmi Deodeshmukh, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

female population based on the 2019 census [1]. Engineering and technology havealways had an important role in addressing the needs of society, it is now gaining recognition foraddressing societal problems. This is recognized and enhanced by an increased representation of womenespecially women of color. This change will result in a positive outcome by bringing more diverse waysof thinking and innovation to the classroom as well as companies that employ them.Literature shows that there are many different reasons for lower recruitment and retention rates forwomen in Engineering and Technology which include preconceived notions on the nature of work andgender stereotypes in these fields. Additionally, there is a lack of access to women role models

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

Joseph P. Fuehne P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

ScenarioThe product-development scenario illustrates use of the Digital Threadacross a product life cycle that involves both the OEM and the SMM. Thefollowing summary merely illustrates one type of scenario and is utilized forhighlighting the potential efficiency gained by incorporating innovative digitalthread features.All the exchanges summarized below involve use of the “data wrapper”(configurable metadata) that travels with the information and the part acrossthe life cycle. Such a scenario drawn from real experience includes potentialfor a design change, a reversion back to the original design, and a partfailure under warranty after introduction to the market.The product lifecycle simulation begins with the OEM selecting a part tooutsource to a

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Michael G Joseph, University of Bridgeport; Khaled Elleithy, University of Bridgeport

— Illumination; Image Enhancement; Computer Vision ; Real-timeAlgorithm; Reflectance Model; Shadow SegmentationI. INTRODUCTION Our visual perception contributes a great deal when we need to analyze and interprete our environment. Likewise, with the proliferation of artifitial intelligence (AI) in all aspect of technological innovations, computer vision, a subset of AI, emerges as a key player. The importance of computer vision in multimedia, robotics, autonomious driving, medicine, and education, to name a few industries, is well established [1]. While our visual cortex performs image analysis effortlessly and with excellent efficiency, however visual perception in computer vision remains a challenging task. One such challenge is the presence of

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Emad Y Tanbour, Eastern Michigan University -School of Engineering

, thermo-fluid andenergy systems, and devices that introduce a new problem-solving approach or innovate acapability that improves people’s life. Students are allowed to select from a set of department-proposed and industry-sponsored projects. Students work in teams of three to five members,depending on the expected scope of the capstone project. The establishment of the 1500 squarefeet VR Lab in the College enhances the access to research tools in VR field for both teachingand research, hence fulfilling one part of the priorities of the College. The VR Lab attractedexternal equipment funding that facilitated expanding the three-wall system into 4-wall system.The Mechanical Engineering program is a fairly new program and is growing very rapidly. It

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University; Alexander James Diehl; Timothy Huff, Ohio Northern University; Tyler Justin Hammel

pull updates from a web server that are set and configured by the userthrough a website and/or a mobile app.Our device would be usable in any space that has a window by or in the door that the device fitsin. Source code for our device and hardware design files will be made available upon thecompletion of the project. Initial development will involve prototyping materials, such asdevelopment boards and 3D printed enclosures. The inclusion of all these components will lead tobetter manufacturability.Objective and MotivationThis project is intended to create an innovative electronic medium for use by university facultymembers to communicate their current task or advertise their location to students seeking to visitthe faculty member outside of

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Tracey Carbonetto, Pennsylvania State University, Allentown

Paper ID #36193Optimization of Student Learning Outcomes Using an Hours ofInstructional Activity ToolMrs. Tracey Carbonetto, Pennsylvania State University, Allentown Adapting to multiple modalities in delivering a quality engineering education has exposed the many op- portunities to research and implement teaching methods that will ultimately increase student accessibility and student outcomes. Using many different perspectives including those of peers, future employers of the engineering students, and the students themselves and integrating these into the planning and delivering relevant teaching for innovative and

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Nian Zhang; Wagdy H Mahmoud P.E., University of the District of Columbia; Tewodros Mekbib Mamo, University of the District of Columbia

(45nm), 2015. https://sudip.ece.ubc.ca/cadence-virtuoso-schematic- simulations.4. Virtuoso Schematic Composer Tutorial, 2003. http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~bibyk/ee721/comptut.pdf.5. Cadence Virtuoso Schematic Composer Introduction, 2009. https://engineering.purdue.edu/~vlsi/ECE559_Fall09/Lab/559TUT_1_ver7_fall09.pdf.6. N. Zhang, J. F. R. Rochac, E. T. Ososanya, W. H. Mahmoud, and S. Lakeou, “VLSI Design and Verification of a CMOS Inverter Using the Tanner EDA: A Case Study,” The 7th International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation (IMETI 2014), Orlando, Florida, July 15-18, 2014.7. N. Zhang and D. C. Wunsch II, “Speeding up VLSI Layout

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Catherine Costa; Minnah Uddin; Morgan Mica Williams, Northeastern University; Ingrid Alikaj

many potential clients may implement ourtechnology only when they do not already have accessible technology in place. Thus, we have alsoprovided a way to calculate the break-even point that takes the cost of the accessible technologyinto consideration, which will undoubtedly yield a higher break-even point. However, we feel it isessential to be transparent with our clients and give them all the details of their investment upfront.Although this equation would need to be tweaked with improvements to our innovation, we viewit as a helpful tool that would help incentivize clients to utilize our technology and add accessibletechnology to their buildings.ConclusionAlthough the electrical output of our piezoelectric pressure pad may seem low given

Conference Session

Technical Session 13 - Paper 2: Program: A focused, 5-year effort to increase the number of African American, Hispanic/Latino(a), Native American (AHLN) 7th-grade students who are academically prepared to take algebra

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Virginia Lynn Booth-Womack, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Saundra Johnson Austin, University of South Florida; Renee Serrell Gibert, Purdue University; Carol S Stwalley P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Lesley M Berhan, The University of Toledo; Tamara Markey, Purdue University, Minority Engineering Program; Cynthia Murphy-Ortega, Chevron Corporation

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

Center of Tampa. In 2007 she founded Charis Consulting Group, LLC as the President and CEO. Dr. Johnson Austin has held positions as: executive director of Curated PathwaysTM to Innovation in San Jose, CA; senior vice president for operations at the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering, Inc. (NACME); president and CEO of St. Michael’s High School; executive vice president of the Community Partnership for Lifelong Learning; executive director of the National Consortium for Graduate Degrees for Minori- ties in Engineering and Science; and Minority Engineering Program director at The Pennsylvania State University. She began her career as a cost engineering at Bechtel Power Corporation. In 1998, she

Conference Session

Technical Session 2 - Paper 1: The Accidental Inclusivity of Virtual Spaces

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Amanda Kate Lacy, Texas A&M University; Seth Polsley, Texas A&M University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering; Tracy Anne Hammond, Texas A&M University; Jason White, University of California, Davis

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

;M University in the Sketch Recognition Lab under Director Tracy Hammond. His research interests may be broadly classified as ”intelligent systems,” with an em- phasis on studying and building interactions that merge the capabilities of computers with the intuitive behaviors of humans. He holds a Masters and Bachelors in Computer Engineering from Texas A&M and University of Kansas, respectively, and has previously worked at Lexmark International and MIT Lincoln Lab.Dr. Tracy Anne Hammond, Texas A&M University Dr. Hammond is Director of the Texas A&M University Institute for Engineering Education & Innovation and also the chair of the Engineering Education Faculty. She is also Director of the Sketch

Conference Session

TS3: Working with Students

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew Frenkel, New York University; Azure Janee Stewart

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

examines the social practices that are context spe- cific within different academic disciplines. She has participated in the evaluation and assessment of state supported projects such as the Digital Literacy Pathways in California Report and the California STEM Innovation Network Summit, sponsored by the California STEM Learning Network Initiative. Azure received her Ph.D. in Education with a specialization in Teaching and Learning from the University of California, Santa Barbara. She has over ten years’ experience in Student Affairs working with graduate students across academic disciplines. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021

Conference Session

The Curriculum at Two-year College's Engineering Technology and Engineering Transfer Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Marilyn Barger P.E., FLATE, Florida Advanced Technological Education Center; Lakshmi Jayaram, Inquiry Research Group LLC

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

the American Association of Engineering Education, National Career Pathways Network, High Impact Technology Exchange, ACTE Vision, League of Innovation and others. Dr. Barger serves on several national panels and advisory boards for technical programs, curricu- lum and workforce initiatives, including the National Association of Manufacturers Educators’Council. She is a Fellow of the American Society of Engineering Education, a member of Tau Beta Pi and Epsilon Pi Tau honor societies. She is a charter member of both the National Academy and the University of South Florida’s Academy of Inventors. Dr. Barger holds a licensed patent and is a licensed Professional Engineer in Florida.Dr. Lakshmi Jayaram, Inquiry

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ramsin Khoshabeh, University of California, San Diego; Vikash Gilja

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

the latest pedagogical research as well as looked for innovative approaches andtechnologies being utilized by other institutions. For example, [1] presents a novel approach tooffering embedded systems labs remotely by incorporating a cloud-based camera system withwhich students can interact. When considering offering our course remotely, we contemplatedsuch an approach, but we concluded that it would be most beneficial to the students to send themindividual kits. We understand that not all courses will work well in that format, but we found itto be the best option for our students.In our planning stages, we explored the approaches of other prominent universities. Notably, UCBerkeley highlighted some of the findings that we consider to be

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Luis Horacio Hernandez-Carrasco, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Monica Daniela Hernandez-Sanchez, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Miguel X. Rodriguez-Paz, Tecnologico de Monterrey

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Architectural Engineering

from differentcourses of the Civil Engineering program just after our virtual visit activity, to find out theirperspective of the benefits they obtained academically and emotionally. We arrived at theconclusion that the alternative of a virtual site visit has indeed motivated the students and thatthey value being able to maintain the academical elements of the construction site visit.Key words: Pandemic, Online Education, Educative Innovation, Higher Education, Construction,Structural Engineering, Educational Innovation.I. IntroductionDuring the contingency period, teachers must approach the design and implementation of theircourses from two different fronts: academic objectives and emotional state of the students. Theseperspectives create the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kent J. Crippen, University of Florida; Gayle Nelson Evans, University of Florida; Chelsey Simmons, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #33410The Laboratory Practice of K-5 Teachers in an Engineering RET:Triangulating Perceptions and ExperienceDr. Kent J. Crippen, University of Florida Kent Crippen is a Professor of STEM education in the School of Teaching and Learning at the University of Florida and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His research in- volves the design, development, and evaluation of STEM cyberlearning environments as well as scientist- teacher forms of professional development. Operating from a design-based research perspective, this work focuses on using innovative, iterative and theoretically

Conference Session

Computers in Education 9 - Technology 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Chelsea L. Gordon, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand; Roman Lysecky, University of Arizona; zyBooks, A Wiley Brand; Frank Vahid, University of California, Riverside

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

autograding of programming assignments,” in Proceedings of the 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE, pp. 278-283, Feb 21 2018.[4] H. Keuning, J. Jeuring, and B. Heeren. “Towards a Systematic Review of Automated Feedback Generation for Programming Exercises,” in Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE '16, pp. 41-46, Jul 2016.[5] J. Moghadam, R.R. Choudhury, H. Yin, and A. Fox, “AutoStyle: Toward Coding Style Feedback at Scale,” in Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, pp. 261-266, Mar 14, 2015.[6] T. Daradoumis, J.M. Puig, M. Arguedas, and L.C. Liñan, “Analyzing students' perceptions to improve the

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Logan Andrew Perry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jeremi S. London, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Paper ID #32470The Transfer of Learning Between School and Work: A New Stance in theDebate About Engineering Graduates’ Preparedness for Career SuccessAbstractMr. Logan Andrew Perry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Mr. Perry is a PhD student in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. He holds a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering from Virginia Tech and a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering from North Carolina State University. He currently studies learning in the engineering workplace and is also working to better understand innovative new teaching strategies for engineering education.Dr

Conference Session

Building Success in the Online Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Reihaneh Jamshidi, University of Hartford; Eoin A. King, NUI Galway

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

sessions outperform in connecting the students with one another and the instructor.Students’ feedback also suggests some challenges regarding the transition from in-person toonline, irrespective of the instruction mode. Those include: (1) students feel less motivated tocollaborate on assignments, (2) it is more difficult for students to follow the lecture and not getdistracted, and (3) it is more difficult for students to connect with each other. Finally, refinementmethods are presented that suggest ideas for addressing some of the challenges and issuesindicated by students.AcknowledgementThis study was supported by the University of Hartford Innovative Remote/Hybrid Pedagogygrant.References[1] V. Singh and A. Thurman, "How many ways can we