Conference Session

Advancing Equity in STEM Academia: Insights and Strategies

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Leon Henry, University of California, Irvine; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Eva Fuentes-Lopez, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)

getting there. I asked Marcos to consider where this sense ofstubbornness and resistance came from, to which he answered: I think that it was from, not from my mom but from my dad, it’s pressure to want to be the best you can do. You have to do it, on your own kind of deal. There’s a lot of family history, like on my dad’s side, you have to do it on your own… I grew up in this mindset that you have to learn to do it on your own because others won’t always be there. Graduate education is itself a dynamic experience, which requires collaboration, personalaspiration, and, especially for minoritized individuals, a sense of resistance to racist anddiscriminatory structures over years. Unsurprisingly, forms of capital

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session: Cultural Perspectives

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Jennifer Creamer, Robert Morris University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

Paper ID #43174Opening the Doors for International Students: Are We Ready?Dr. Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University Sushil Acharya, D.Eng. (Asian Institute of Technology) is a Vice President for Research, Grants and Global Initiative. A Professor of Software Engineering, Dr. Acharya joined Robert Morris University in Spring 2005 after serving 15 years in the Software Industry. His teaching involvement and research interests are in the area of Software Engineering education, Software Verification & Validation, Software Security, Data Mining, Neural Networks, and Enterprise Resource Planning. He also has interest in

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Paul Blowers

identifiers or links have had theirlabels removed and students must fill in the missing information. This can be done eitherwithout providing them with the missing information or by also giving them the list ofinformation to be added. These instruments are extremely easy to evaluate compared to thepreviously described assessment tools.Kinchin and Hay showed one could use preliminary concept maps to aid postgraduate traineeteachers learn aspects of biology13. They used the preliminary maps to build teams of studentswho then worked collaboratively to flesh out more complete maps that detailed the topics. Thestudents received 2 hours of concept map training followed by developing individual maps andthen creating a group one. The authors described three

Conference Session

Expanding the Borders of Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Ingram, University of Manitoba; Anita H. Ens, University of Manitoba; Marcia R. Friesen, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Manitoba, Winnipeg Canada, R3T 5V6; telephone:(1) 204.474.9698; e-mail: Sandra Ingram@umanitoba.ca.Anita H Ens, University of Manitoba Anita Ens is a Ph.D. candidate in Curriculum, Teaching, and Learning in the Faculty of Education at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. She has over 15 years of experience working with adults in adult education and postsecondary settings, with particular focus on learning strategies and writing pedagogy. Influenced by the social, cultural, and relational aspects of learning, her research interests include collaborative writing, sustainability in education, and diversity in learning groups.Marcia R. Friesen, University of Manitoba

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Warren, Kansas State University; Jianchu Yao, East Carolina University

are accustomed tomobile resources like laptop computers that give them lifestyle flexibility and host multimedia Page 15.956.2interfaces that enliven the user experience.The overall goal of this collaboration between the Kansas State University (KSU) Electrical &Computer Engineering (ECE) Department and the East Carolina University (ECU) Departmentof Engineering, General Engineering (GE), is to develop mobile hands-on learning experiencesfor EE concepts and then formally assess whether laboratories performed at home are effectivesupplements for traditional lecture- and laboratory-based courses. Innovative virtual instruments(VIs) on laptop

Conference Session

ECE Education and Engineering Mathematics

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Seyed Zekavat

Conference Session

Global Engineering in an Interconected World

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Juan Lucena

brothers to Judah but I am very aware of the conflict of interest that could give me. Like Pollard, I don’t want to become a spy for Israel; do you see what I am saying? I am very patriotic for America, and once again, my religion would make me having to be honest, so I wouldn’t be passing secrets to Israel because I have this feeling. It is just that I have no problems dealing with Israeli’s [project] (italics mine) (Schoenhals 2001: 23)On becoming organizational change. John Faustini comes from a blue-collar background. Afterreceiving a bachelors' degree in industrial engineering, he landed his first job at a majoraerospace company in 1982 where he was placed in the rotation program aimed at having entry-level engineers

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering (ME) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan C Morales, Universidad del Turabo; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, that is being conducted to develop the 35 faculty members of engineeringand physics that teach full-time at Universidad del Turabo in Puerto Rico. The program impactsseven different faculty members per year. The initial effort took place in the Summer of 2012with five faculty members from Mechanical Engineering, one from Industrial Engineering, andone from Computer Engineering. The program is designed to ignite systemic and sustainablechange towards creating a classroom environment that engages students with authenticengineering real-world problems within an inductive teaching/learning environment. Theoverarching goal of the effort is to increase the graduation rates of engineering students at thisHispanic-serving institution. This model is a

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators (NEE) Technical Session 4 - Undergraduate Student Learning

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

H. Schwab, The Ohio State University; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Anu Singh, The Ohio State University; Euclides Maluf, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

Safety Engineering and Education. With over 10 years of expertise in training professionals across companies, educational institutions, and industries, they possess strong skills in processing, analyzing, and synthesizing large data sets. Their ability to thrive in collaborative, team-oriented environments complements their technical expertise. Currently, he is pursuing a PhD in Engineering Education at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, where they serve as a Graduate Research Assistant. Additionally, he contribute as a visiting professor at Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Minas Gerais (IFMG-Bambu´ı) in Brazil. His research is centered on innovative methodologies for Engineering Education, with a

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 2

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jocuns, University of Washington; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Lari Garrison, University of Washington; Daniel Amos, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

mechanical engineer needs to um be able to collaborate well with other people, that’s a very, very key aspect. Um, because, I learned a lot this quarter that great ideas don’t always come from one person… I think that’s one thing that a mechanical engineer really needs to be able to do well is work on a team. Another thing is you have to be able to think abstractly. You can’t always think along the lines of-, of, here is a set of rules or preconceptions and you have to stick to them. You have to be able to design and develop and improve on technology that has already been designed and developed and improved on by previous people… Once you get out of the design and, you know, creative thinking and

Conference Session

Program-Level Assessments for Multidisciplinary Areas

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ming Li, Tsinghua University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

accreditation is voluntary. As the Director ofEngineering Education and responsible for undergraduate degree programs, Mr. Taylorargued, “External quality assurance is very important at Purdue .This is informed by the State. State says that you must graduate from ABET-accredited programs to become a license professional engineer. Now, most engineers in USA are not professional engineers, but people who work with the government. And lots of my graduates are going to consult and eventually work with the government. So, that is why it is important to be given accreditation from ABET. That is a legal reason because of the legal requires.”Except for the state government, requirements still came from the industry, parents

Conference Session

Gender Perceptions and Girls in K-12 Engineering and Computer Science

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christina Deckard, SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific; David Quarfoot, SDSU/UCSD; Kimberly C Csanadi

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Presentation (parents/girls together) Page 24.179.6 2:00 Post-Questionnaire and DismissalKeynote SpeakerA short time is allotted at the beginning of the event for a female STEM professional to tell herstory. Speakers are found from the local industry and academia and should be engaging andrelatable. Ensuring the speaker directs the presentation to the middle school level and canconvey the fascination and worth of her work is imperative. At times, a panel of a few collegestudents and/or STEM professionals is included in addition to or in place of a keynote speaker.Student RotationsThe program begins and ends with the parents and girls together

Conference Session

Reflections on the “Raise the Bar” Initiative (Part I) - Using a Decade of Experience to Chart the Future

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; Kevin D. Hall, University of Arkansas; James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

more than 70 articles and given more than 150 presentations to various groups. His primary teaching and research interests include pavement design, materials, construction, and rehabilitation, in addition to the topics of professionalism, licensure, and ethics. On the education front, he serves as the co-Chair of the ASCE Body of Knowledge Education Fulfillment Committee (BOKEdFC), and is an active participant in the Civil Engineering Division of ASEE. In terms of technical/research efforts, he currently serves on eight committees, task groups, and panels through the Transportation Research Board (chairing one standing committee of TRB and one NCHRP Project Panel), and numerous committees with ASTM and industry

Conference Session

Computing & Information Technology Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kylan Stewart; Bruce Debruhl; Zoe Wood

Conference Session

Disability, Neurodivergence, and Sense of Belonging in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

D. C. Beardmore, University of Colorado Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

, we hope that our research findings help individuals serving university students at anylevel in any discipline ask what opportunities they have to create a more inclusive andwelcoming environment through the tenants of UDL1.IntroductionIndividuals with dis/abilities represent a significant portion of the population yet they areoverlooked as key contributors to Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)industry and academia [1]. While we know that graduate STEM education is difficult to accessfor many prospective and current students, there is a paucity of research aiming to change this.There is also a dearth of research engaged in learning about dis/abled student experiences and thebarriers that limit access to graduate education

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Santiago Jr., Colorado Technical University; Jing Guo, Colorado Technical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, and homework problems;and (2) the other chat session addressed lab questions. Instructors observed how studentsconducted their labs experiments providing students guidance on how to go through thetroubleshooting process. The instructors also observed that students collaborated with each otherwhen troubleshooting their circuits.If the College of Engineering can effectively deliver the lab content with this first course to meetstudent outcomes, then the engineering faculty can expect the development of future electricalengineering courses involving lab activities to go much smoother.Although the full-time engineering faculty has extensive experience teaching adult learners inF2F classroom, the faculty had no experience in developing and

Conference Session

Alternatives to Traditional Assessment

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Junaid Qadir, Information Technology University, Lahore, Pakistan; Abd-Elhamid M. Taha, Alfaisal University; Kok-Lim Alvin Yau, Sunway University; João Ponciano, University of Glasgow; Sajjad Hussain, University of Glasgow; Ala Al-Fuqaha, Hamad Bin Khalifa University; Muhammad Ali Imran P.E., University of Glasgow

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(CUST), Islamabad, Pakistan as Associate Professor. Sajjad Hussain did his masters in Wireless Communications in 2006 from Supelec, Gif-sur-Yvette and PhD in Signal Processing and Communi- cations in 2009 from University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France. His research interests include 5G self- organizing networks, industrial wireless sensor networks and machine learning for wireless communica- tions. Sajjad Hussain is a senior member IEEE and fellow Higher Education Academy.Prof. Ala Al-Fuqaha, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Ala Al-Fuqaha received Ph.D. degree in Computer Engineering and Networking from the University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City. He is Professor at Hamad Bin Khalifa University. His research

Conference Session

Promoting Communication Skills

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lisa R. Volpatti, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Alex Jordan Hanson, University of Texas at Austin; Jennifer M. Schall; Jesse N. Dunietz, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Amanda X. Chen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Rohan Chitnis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Eric J. Alm; Alison F. Takemura, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute; Diana M. Chien, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. Taken together, our quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that our peer coachesare most effective in supporting the skills of organization/flow, strategic alignment, and providingappropriate evidence; this aligns with our program’s emphasis on supporting high-levelcommunication skills. Our results also suggest that a major factor in coaching efficacy iscoach-client discussion of major takeaways from a session: rubric category scores were morelikely to improve across a drafting trajectory when a category had been identified as a takeaway.Hence, we show quantitative evidence that through collaborative conversations, technical peercoaches can guide clients to identify and effectively revise key areas for improvement. Finally, since

Conference Session

The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Vurkaç, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

“hook” the students—to get them deeply andpersonally interested in the course. This was successfully achieved—every student in the classconsistently showed a level of attentiveness that is quite rare. All other material, from thereadings to the lecture topics and discussion topics, were selected so as to allow for broadcoverage of essential information regarding cognition and perception, and also to tie in withstudents’ majors. Probability, Statistics, and Bayesian decision-making are relevant to computerengineers, business/IT majors, and the health-care industry. Issues of memory, eyewitnesstestimony, and the ideomotor effect have the potential to be relevant to everyone’s life at somepoint or another. Causal and quantitative reasoning, along

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Mansour Karkoub; Chun-Lin Yang; Wael Karkoub; Moutafa Raslan

change is very important in engineering educationand usually takes place when the following three interrelated requirements are taken into account:(1) the objectives of the project/task are clearly defined and understood by the students, (2) studentsfeel the need to achieve those objectives, and (3) students can work collaboratively with peers andteachers. It is believed that the type of activities undertaken in collaborative work shape, elaborate,and deepen understanding of the concepts, methodologies, and applications. Therefore, the third requirement; i.e., collaborative work, is the first of three pillars that the ­UCCRPis built on.SUMMER 2020 VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2 3

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

David Reeping; Lisa McNair

change is very important in engineering educationand usually takes place when the following three interrelated requirements are taken into account:(1) the objectives of the project/task are clearly defined and understood by the students, (2) studentsfeel the need to achieve those objectives, and (3) students can work collaboratively with peers andteachers. It is believed that the type of activities undertaken in collaborative work shape, elaborate,and deepen understanding of the concepts, methodologies, and applications. Therefore, the third requirement; i.e., collaborative work, is the first of three pillars that the ­UCCRPis built on.SUMMER 2020 VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2 3

Conference Session

Dissecting the Nuances that Hinder Broad Participation in Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renetta G. Tull, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Damon L Tull; Shawnisha Hester, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Anthony Michael Johnson, University of Maryland Baltimore County

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

dynamics and non-linear optical properties of active quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and other mid-infrared devices. Recentresearch involves the use of ultrashort pulses of light for laser-induced inactivation of murine norovirussamples, which are a leading cause of food-borne illness. Collaborative discussions are underway to uti-lize laser-enhanced thermal imaging to detect breast and prostate cancer tumors in mouse models. Servedas Editor-in-Chief of the journal Optics Letters (1995-2001) and elected 2002 President of the Optical So-ciety (OSA); Co-Contributing Editor (2011 - ) OSA Optics & Photonics News (OPN) column ”PromotingDiversity in Optics.” Professional society service includes Chair of the APS (American Physical Society)Committee on

Conference Session

Mathematics Division (MATH) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olivia Ryan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Susan Sajadi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics Division (MATH)

University Susan Sajadi is an assistant professor at Virginia Tech in the department of engineering education. She has a BS and MS in Biomedical Engineering and a Ph.D. in Engineering Education Systems and Design from Arizona State University. Prior, she worked as an engineer in the medical device industry. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 ‭ nderstanding Students in Times of Transition: The Impact of the‬ U ‭COVID-19 Pandemic on Engineering Students Math Readiness and‬ ‭Transition into Engineering‬‭ bstract‬A‭The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges in education and significantly‬ ‭impacted learning. During 2020 and 2021, education pivoted to

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) Technical Session 2

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth C. Novosel, University of Colorado Boulder; Savannah Paige Crowl

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries Division (ELD)

tools to generate counts and percentages of responses to the various answers.The qualitative data was collected in the second part of the survey. To analyze this data, theresearchers employed thematic analysis methodology [76], [77]. Researchers coded participants’responses individually, then collaboratively created a codebook of themes found in the data. Theresearchers also used the Qualtrics Stats IQ functions to perform some statistical analyses of thedata; however, no statistically significant relationships were found between variables.ResultsParticipant DemographicsOut of the 291 total completed surveys, 122 participants indicated that they work closely withSTEM disciplines. 27% of these participants had worked in academic libraries for

Conference Session

Disability in Engineering Programs (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 3)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bridget M. Smyser, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #46536Peer and self-assessment of teamwork for students with accommodations in aproject-based laboratory course.Dr. Bridget M. Smyser, Northeastern University Dr. Smyser is a Teaching Professor in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering department at Northeastern University with research interests including lab and design pedagogy, inclusive teaching, and neurodiversity in STEM. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025Paper from Practice: Peer and self-assessment of teamwork for students with accommodations in a project-based laboratory course.Student accommodations for

Conference Session

Inclusive and Interdisciplinary Approaches in Labs and Research

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer L. Cole, Northwestern University; Chris Barr, University of Michigan; Jamie Clark, University of Washington; Alexis N Prybutok, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering Division (ChED)

baccalaureate chemicalengineering program. These courses typically involve engagement with pilot-scale and/or lab-scale chemical process equipment to help students connect the theory learned in the priorcourses to related experiments and methods they’ll see in industry. Student engagement withthese labs typically involves navigating the physical environment of the lab and course policies,such as reading lab manuals, required attendance, and inflexible assignment and oralpresentation deadlines due to the nature of group work and lab rotations. Most laboratoryspaces, course policies, and course materials are created with non-disabled individuals in mind.Creating an equitable and accessible learning environment requires proactively designing thespace and

Conference Session

Tree-huggers, Diggers, and Queers--Oh my!

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Cech, University of California, San Diego; Tom Waidzunas, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

California San Diego. He received bachelor's degrees in Electrical Engineering and Sociology from the University of Texas at Austin and practiced engineering for five years in the semiconductor industry. His research studies the social underpinnings of scientific controversies related to sexuality, as well as inequalities within scientific and technical fields. Page 14.1384.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 “Engineers Who Happen to be Gay:” Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students’ Experiences in EngineeringAbstractWhile much is known about the experiences of women and

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maggie Swartz, Colorado School of Mines; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Jacquelene D. Walter, Colorado School of Mines; Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

at the university level and as they pursue careers in industry. Graduating this December, she hopes to retain this knowledge for the benefit of herself and other women engineers as she pursues an industry career.Dr. Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines Jon A. Leydens is Associate Professor of Engineering Education Research in the Division of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at the Colorado School of Mines, USA. Dr. Leydens’ research and teaching interests are in engineering education, communication, and social justice. Dr. Leydens is author or co- author of 40 peer-reviewed papers, co-author of Engineering and Sustainable Community Development (Morgan and Claypool, 2010), and editor of Sociotechnical

Conference Session

Studies in Engineering Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jackson Lyall Autrey, University of Oklahoma; Shalaka Subhash Ghaisas, University of Oklahoma; Xun Ge, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

discussion and problem- based learning in online learning communities, which was published in Educational Technology Research and Development, a leading journal in the field of instructional design and technology. In addition, Dr. Ge has also investigated the design of various cognitive tools and learning technologies in the context of problem- based learning. Dr. Ge’s scholarly inquiry is also an attempt to bridge cognition and metacogni- tion with motivation. She has conducted extensive research in STEAM education in various educational settings, and she has collaborated with researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines around the world. Dr. Ge has published numerous refereed journal articles, book chapters, and

Conference Session

Discussions on Research Methodology: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Dringenberg, Purdue University, West Lafayette; John Alexander Mendoza-Garcia, Purdue University, West Lafayette / Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - Bogota, Colombia; Mariana Tafur-Arciniegas P.E., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University; Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #11839Using Phenomenography: Reflections on Key Considerations for Making Method-ological DecisionsEmily Dringenberg, Purdue University, West Lafayette Emily Dringenberg is a PhD Candidate in Engineering Education at Purdue University. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (Kansas State ’08) and a Master of Science in Industrial Engineering (Purdue ’14). Her current dissertation research focuses on using qualitative methods to ex- plore the experiences of students engaging with engineering design problems. Additionally, her research interests include transfer of learning, personal epistemology