Conference Session

Research Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric N. Wiebe, North Carolina State University; Malinda Faber, The Friday Institute for Educational Innovation; Jeni Corn, Friday Institute for Educational Innovation, NC State University; Tracey Louise Collins, North Carolina State University; Alana Unfried, North Carolina State University; LaTricia Townsend

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Paper ID #6746A Large-scale Survey of K-12 Students about STEM: Implications for Engi-neering Curriculum Development and Outreach Efforts (Research to Prac-tice)Dr. Eric N. Wiebe, North Carolina State University Dr. Wiebe is a professor in the Department of STEM Education at NC State University and Senior Research Fellow at the Friday Institute for Educational Innovation. A focus of his research and outreach work has been the integration of multimedia and multimodal teaching and learning approaches in STEM instruction. He has also worked on research and evaluation of technology integration in instructional settings in

Conference Session

Energy Program and Software Tools

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Keshav Varde

providedopportunities to their undergraduates to conduct research in basic and applied sciences and mathematics1-3these programs have been somewhat limited. This is particularly so in the field of engineering wherefaculty and their graduate students tend to focus their efforts more on their research projects and fundingthan training undergraduates for research. Page 10.530.1 Proceedings of the 2005American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2005, American Society for Engineering EducationResearch Program through REUThe Department of Mechanical Engineering at UM-D has been providing

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 9

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Choi Ausman, Virginia Tech; Qin Zhu, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #38717Mixed in Engineering: Introducing Critical Multiracial Theory toEngineering Education ResearchMs. Michelle Choi Ausman, Virginia Tech Michelle Choi Ausman is a first-year PhD student in Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. She received a BS in Liberal Arts and Engineering Studies from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, and an MS in Science and Technology Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Her research focuses on exploring relation- ships between Asian American identity, multiracial identity, and belonging in engineering. Her research interests include engineering identity, diversity, equity, and

Conference Session

Social Identities and STEM Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Minichiello, Utah State University

Paper ID #38106Thinking Critically about Critical Research with MilitaryUndergraduates in Engineering EducationAngela Minichiello (Assistant Professor) Angela (Angie) Minichiello, Ph.D., P. E., is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education and Adjunct Faculty in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Utah State University. Her research employs asset-based frameworks to improve access, participation, and inclusivity across all levels of engineering education. Angie engages with qualitative, mixed-method, and multi-method approaches to better understand student experience for the ultimate purpose of

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 3: Mixed - Research, Engineering Design, Design Thinking, and Curriculum Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Clark, Miami University; Rachel Kajfez, The Ohio State University

Paper ID #36941Conducting Discipline-Based Educational Research Outsideof the ClassroomAbigail Clark Abigail Clark holds a PhD in Engineering Education from The Ohio State University. She also holds degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Ohio State and Ohio Northern University. She was most recently a visiting faculty member at Miami University. Prior to her time at OSU, she worked at Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio. Her research interests include pre-college engineering education, informal engineering education, and identity development.Rachel Louis Kajfez (Assistant Professor) Dr. Rachel Louis

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 6

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahesh Kumar Pallikonda, Austin Peay State University; Ravi C. Manimaran, Department Chair, Engineering Technology, Austin Peay State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

Engineering Technology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee. His education includes two Master of Science degrees in Electri- cal and Computer Engineering, and Electronics and Control Engineering. He has been actively involved in higher education leadership in various capacities as a Dean, Department Chair, PI, Project Director, and a faculty member since 1997. He has served as the PI / Project Director for multiple agencies includ- ing NSF, DOL, DOD and Perkin’s Grant. His research interests include Industrial Automation Systems, VLSI, ASIC, and FPGA. Other areas of interest are Higher Education Leadership and Accreditation in- cluding ABET. ©American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Research Methods and Studies on Engineering Education Research

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kathryn Elizabeth Shroyer, University of Washington; Jennifer A. Turns, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Research Through Design: A Promising Methodology for Engineering Education (WIP)IntroductionEngineering education research (EER) is a fairly young and interdisciplinary field. As such, awide variety of methods and methodologies have been imported from both positivist andinterpretivist traditions in other domains[1]. Design inquiry approaches, however, have yet to bewidely adopted in the field. These research methodologies leverage design, not as a means ofprimarily solving a problem or generating an artifact, but as a means of surfacing theoreticalknowledge. Given EER’s roots in engineering, design inquiry approaches seem a

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kevin Zhu, University of Toronto; Aoran Jiao, University of Toronto; Xinyue (Crystal) Liu, University of Toronto; Scott Ramsay P.Eng., University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Student

Paper ID #34114Design of a Low Cost EEG Headset for Educational ResearchMr. Kevin Zhu, University of Toronto Kevin Zhu is an undergraduate student at the University of Toronto pursuing his Bachelor of Applied Science in Engineering Science. He is interested in brain-computer interfaces and how they can be applied to various aspects of life and society.Mr. Aoran Jiao, University of Toronto Aoran Jiao is an undergraduate student at the Division of Engineering Science at the University of Toronto. He has a wide array of research interests including engineering education, software development, machine intelligence, and

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dennis Rogalsky P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Ronald Ulseth P.E., Iron Range Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

Paper ID #33525Design-Based Research: Students Seeking Co-Op in Refined Educational ModelDennis Rogalsky P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato Dennis Rogalsky is excited to be part of the faculty for the IRE Bell program and share in this innovative approach to engineering education. Dr. Rogalsky’s degrees are in chemical engineering and he has twenty years of industry experience providing process control and automation solutions in petrochemical facil- ities. His career has blended educational and engineering experiences and he looks forward to teaching and research opportunities with the IRE Bell program and

Conference Session

Research Methods and Studies on Engineering Education Research

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Renato Alan Bezerra Rodrigues, University of Manitoba; Jeffrey Wayne Paul, University of Manitoba; Jillian Seniuk Cicek, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #33536Entering the Discipline of Engineering Education Research: A ThematicAnalysisMr. Renato Alan Bezerra Rodrigues, University of Manitoba Ph.D. student in Engineering Education at the University of Manitoba.Mr. Jeffrey Wayne Paul, University of Manitoba Currently a PhD Student in Engineering Education at the University of ManitobaDr. Jillian Seniuk Cicek, University of Manitoba Dr. Jillian Seniuk Cicek is an Assistant Professor in the Centre for Engineering Professional Practice and Engineering Education at the University of Manitoba, in Winnipeg, Canada. She teaches technical com- munication, engineering

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research Practices and Community

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Javeed Kittur, Arizona State University; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University; Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

methodologies in engineering education. Intrigued by the intersections of engineering education, mental health and social justice, Dr. Coley’s primary research interest focuses on virtual reality as a tool for developing empathetic and in- clusive mindsets among engineering faculty. She is also interested in hidden populations in engineering education and innovation for more inclusive pedagogies.Dr. Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University Nadia Kellam is Associate Professor and Graduate Program Chair in the Polytechnic School of the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. She is a qualitative researcher who primarily uses narrative research methods to develop critical understandings the

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Mansour Karkoub; Chun-Lin Yang; Wael Karkoub; Moutafa Raslan

Advances in Engineering Education SUMMER 2020 VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2Undergraduate Cross-Class Research Projects for DeepLearning in Engineering EducationMANSOUR KARKOUBTexas A&M University at QatarDoha, QatarCHUN-LIN YANGWAEL KARKOUBMOUSTAFA RASLANTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas ABSTRACT For many years, educators have been developing tools and techniques to improve the learningprocess in higher education; however, the vast majority of these do not focus directly on deep learn-ing. In this work, an innovative teaching/learning tool is presented which focuses on deep learning ofsome engineering skills and principles. The tool is known as the

Collection

2018 Public Policy Colloquium

Authors

Miriam Quintal; Otto Katt

Advancing Engineering Education and Research Outlook and Strategy for 2018 Miriam Quintal and Otto Katt Lewis-Burke Associates, LLC February 6, 2018Lewis-Burke and ASEE• Lewis-Burke began representing ASEE on October 1, 2017• As federal consultants, Lewis-Burke promotes the policy agenda of scientific organizations to a diverse set of audiences, including: – United States Congress – White House/Administration and the Federal Agencies – Like-minded organizations and the advocacy community in Washington, DC• 28 policy experts with range of expertise/backgrounds allow multi-layered issue teams with deep expertise in agencies and scientific/education areas• 40 clients exclusively composed of non-profit

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn A. Nichol, Rice University; Alice Chow, Rice University; Carrie Obenland, Rice University; Christina Anlynette Alston, Rice University Office of STEM Engagement ; Carolina Avendano, Rice University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, J.S. (2014) Data First: building scientific reasoning in AP chemistry via the concept development approach, J. Chem Ed., http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed500027gAlice Chow, Rice University Alice Chow is an Associate Director for Research and Grants for the Rice University Office of STEM Engagement. She conducts research in K-12 STEM education on topics such as impact of teacher profes- sional development programs on student achievement and attitudes.Dr. Carrie Obenland, Rice University Dr. Obenland is the Assistant Director for Outreach and Research at the Rice Office of STEM Engage- ment. She as her PhD in Chemistry from Rice University, as well as her Masters. Her graduate work was focused on chemical

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fouad H. Fouad, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Paula Alvarez Pino; Andrew J. Sullivan, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Talat Salama, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #19832Enhancing Student Education through International Research ExperiencesDr. Fouad H. Fouad, University of Alabama, Birmingham Dr. Fouad H. Fouad, Ph.D., P.E., is Professor and Chairman of the Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), and the Director of the UAB Sustainable Smart Cities Research Center. Dr. Fouad is a fellow of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Dr. Fouad’s research interest is in the area of infrastructure design, maintenance, and rehabilitation with a focus on

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn A. Nichol, Rice University; Carrie Obenland, Rice University; Alice Chow, Rice University; Christina Anlynette Alston, Rice University; Carolina Avendano, Rice University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

, J.S. (2014) Data First: building scientific reasoning in AP chemistry via the concept development approach, J. Chem Ed., http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed500027gDr. Carrie Obenland, Rice University Dr. Obenland is the Assistant Director for Outreach and Research at the Rice Office of STEM Engage- ment. She as her PhD in Chemistry from Rice University, as well as her Masters. Her graduate work was focused on chemical education. She earned her BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.Alice Chow, Rice University Alice Chow is an Associate Director for Research and Grants for the Rice University Office of STEM Engagement. She conducts research in K-12 STEM education on topics such as

Collection

2019 PPC

Authors

Lewis Burke

Advancing Engineering Education and Research Outlook and Strategy for 2019 Miriam Quintal and Otto Katt Lewis-Burke Associates, LLC February 5, 2019Lewis-Burke and ASEE• Lewis-Burke began representing ASEE in October 2017 – 27 policy experts with range of expertise/backgrounds allow multi-layered issue teams with deep expertise in agencies and scientific/education areas – 38 clients exclusively composed of non-profit entities: universities, scientific societies, managers of large federal facilities• Goals of ASEE Advocacy – Conducting outreach to Congress to support funding and sound policy for engineering research and education – Supporting ASEE Councils to enhance advocacy goals of deans and

Conference Session

Methods & Techniques in Graduate Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yamilka Baez-Rivera, Mississippi State University; Lennon Brown, Mississippi State University; Noel Schulz, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2007-1658: USING GRADUATE INTERNSHIPS TO ENHANCE GRADUATESTUDENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCHYamilka Baez-Rivera, Mississippi State University Yamilka I. Baez-Rivera was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico on October 3, 1977. Received a Bachelor Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Puerto Rico – Mayaguez Campus (UPRM) in 2001. She continues graduate education and in 2003 she finish her Master in Science Degree in Electrical Engineering also from UPRM. After married with Bienvenido Rodriguez-Medina, moved to Mississippi State University in Starkville, Mississippi in where she is currently working on her PhD in Electrical Engineering. Yamilka obtain the Bagley Fellowship for outstanding

Conference Session

Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salil Desai, North Carolina A&T State University; Leotis Parrish, North Carolina A&T State University; Marcia Williams, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (NC-LSAMP). She received a B.S. in Industrial Technology (Manufacturing) from North Carolina A&T State University, and a MBA from Wake Forest University. She has sixteen years of experience in sponsored program administration. She is a member of ASEE. Page 13.717.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Improving Retention and Continuing Education through Undergraduate Research ProgramAbstractUndergraduate student retention and progress to graduate school is a critical issue amongunderrepresented minorities. North

Collection

2003 GSW

Authors

Wei Guo; Manoj Santhinikethanam; Patrick F. Mensah; Amitava Jana; Chunling Huang

A Low Cost Cyber Glove in Education and Research Wei Guo Manoj Santhinikethanam Graduate Student Department of Computer Science, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 Patrick F. Mensah Amitava Jana Chunling Huang Faculty Advisors Department of Mechanical Engineering Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Wankat, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

in advancing engineeringeducation; however, since research in engineering education has become much more rigorous inthe last ten years, it is not obvious that chemical engineers will maintain this significant role.There are many specific questions within the five identified engineering education research areas(Epistemologies, Learning Mechanisms, Learning Systems, Diversity & Inclusiveness, andAssessment) that can be best explored by chemical engineering professors. To maintain aleadership role in engineering education research some chemical engineering departments willhave to make engineering education a research specialty and offer Ph.D. degrees based onresearch in engineering education. This will require that a few motivated chemical

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kamala Mahanta, State University of New York, Oneonta

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2009-1859: A NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION EFFORTAT SUNY-ONEONTAKamala Mahanta, State University of New York, Oneonta Dr. Monisha Kamala Mahanta is an associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the State University of New York College at Oneonta which offers a baccalaureate degree in Physics with emphasis on undergraduate research and a three two engineering cooperative program. Dr. Mahanta has been pursuing research in the fields of Quantum Information Processing(QIP) and Nanotechnology for several years. The QIP research was carried out at the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Rome, NY through several summer fellowships and a two year (2004-2006)Senior

Conference Session

Micromachining in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Hung, Texas A&M University; Sujeev Chittipolu, Texas A&M University; Saurabh Kajaria, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2009-2503: MICROMACHINING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH AT TEXASA&M UNIVERSITYWayne Hung, Texas A&M UniversitySujeev Chittipolu, Texas A&M UniversitySaurabh Kajaria, Texas A&M University Page 14.878.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Micromachining Education and Research at Texas A&M UniversityAbstractThe market trend for product miniaturization promotes research and education in micromanufacturing. Micromachining is an extension of conventional machining when chips areremoved in micro/nano scales, but micromachining requires new knowledge, specially designedequipment, tooling, and additional knowledge for successful results. Common

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert P. Morgan; Nirmala Kannankutty; Donald E. Strickland

I Session 2242 ‘ Forging Links Between Engineering Education and Industry: The Research Connection Donald E. Strickland*, Nirmala Kannankutty**, and Robert P. Morgan** Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville*/Washington University, St. Louis**The mutual needs of society, industry and universities are creating opportunities for closer ties betweenindustry and academia. Many new, and old, forms of university-industry collaboration are

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Holbert, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-152: TOWARD ELIMINATING AN UNSUPPORTED STATEMENT INENGINEERING EDUCATION RESEARCH AND LITERATUREKeith Holbert, Arizona State University Page 14.1274.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Toward Eliminating An Unsupported Statement In Engineering Education Research And LiteratureKeywords: learning styles, citation accuracy, learning coneAbstractWhat evidence exists to support the commonly used STATEMENT that people remember: 10% ofwhat they read; 20% of what they hear; 30% of what they see; 50% of what they hear and see;70% of what they say; and 90% of what they say as they do a thing? The first archivedoccurrence of the STATEMENT

Conference Session

Topical Public Policy Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devin Stewart, National Academy of Engineering; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

2006-157: POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR FEDERAL FUNDING OFENGINEERING EDUCATION RESEARCHDevin Stewart, National Academy of Engineering Devin Stewart was a summer 2005 Science & Technology Graduate Policy Fellow at the National Academies. He is currently a research assistant with the Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education (CASEE) at the National Academy of Engineering. He received his MS in Aerospace Engineering at Virginia Tech, and earned his BS in Aerospace Engineering and BA in Spanish Language and Literature from the University of Maryland, College Park.Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering Dr. Norman L. Fortenberry is the founding

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ann Saterbak, Rice University; Michele Follen, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

2006-1162: NEW PATHWAYS TO EDUCATE FUTURE TRANSLATIONALRESEARCHERS IN MEDICINEAnn Saterbak, Rice University Ann Saterbak is Director of Laboratory Instruction and Lecturer in the Bioengineering Department at Rice University. She received her B.A. in Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry from Rice University in 1990 and her Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign in 1995. She conducted research and provided technical support within Shell Development Company from 1995 to 1999.Michele Follen, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Dr. Michele Follen received her B.A. degree from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1975, her M.D. degree from the

Conference Session

Institutionalizing Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James K. Nelson Jr. P.E., Texas A&M University; John A. Barton PE, Texas A&M University System; James R. Hallmark, Texas A&M University System; Billy C. Hamilton, The Texas A&M University System

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Administration.Hamilton is a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin and the Lyndon B. Johnson School of PublicAffairs. He was recognized as the first recipient of the LBJ School’s Distinguished Alumni Award in1987. Hamilton is married and has three children. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 RELLIS: A Transformational Initiative for Collaborative Education and ResearchAbstractThe Texas A&M University System is transforming a 2,000-acre tract into a premier research,technology development, and education center. When completed, the campus will have five focalareas: an academic campus, a historic campus, a full-scale testing site, secure industrylaboratories, and joint

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico and Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Carlos Eduardo Martinez-Torteya, Tecnologico de Monterrey

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics and Physics

Paper ID #26763Students’ Abilities to Solve RC Circuits with Research-based EducationalStrategiesProf. Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico and Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago,Chile Genaro Zavala is a Full Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies of the School of Engineering and Sciences at Tecnologico de Monterrey. Professor Zavala is National Researcher Level 1 of the National System of Researchers of Mexico and leads the Physics Education Research and Innovation Group. He works with the following research lines: conceptual understanding of students on subjects of physics, transfer of

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Woo Hyoung Lee P.E., University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Paper ID #26679Promoting Undergraduate Research and Education through ExtracurricularEPA P3 ProjectsProf. Woo Hyoung Lee P.E., University of Central Florida Dr. Woo Hyoung Lee, P.E. is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Con- struction Engineering at the University of Central Florida (UCF). He received his Ph.D. in environmental engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 2009. Prior to joining UCF in 2013, he worked for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Risk Management Research Laboratory as a post-doc. His primary research area is to develop electrochemical