Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

M.A. Abuhelaleh; K.M. Elleithy

, computer skills 1 & 2 in Alhusein Bin Talal University / Jordan for three years. He has master degreecomputer science from University of Bridgeport, and graduated with a GPA of 3.48. Mohammed now is in secondsemester of PHD program, and he is working as a graduate assistant for prof. Elleithy at Engineering and ComputerScience department at the University of Bridgeport.Dr. Elleithy received the B.Sc. degree in computer science and automatic control from Alexandria University in1983, the MS Degree in computer networks from the same university in 1986, and the MS and Ph.D. degrees incomputer science from The Center for Advanced Computer Studies at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in1988 and 1990, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, he was

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany-SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, University at Albany-SUNY; Paul M. Schoch, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

- grams. She has numerous chapters, articles, and papers on technology-supported teaching and learning as well as systems-change stages pertaining to technology adoption.Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, University at Albany-SUNY Dr. Kathy Gullie has extensive experience as a Senior Evaluator and Research Associate at the University at Albany/SUNY. She is currently the principal investigator in several educational grants including an NSF engineering grant supporting Historically Black University and Colleges; ”Building Learning Com- munities to Improve Student Achievement: Albany City School District” , and ”Educational Leadership Program Enhancement Project at Syracuse University” Teacher Leadership Quality Program. She is also

Conference Session

Computers in Education 7 - Modulus 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Gulustan Dogan, University of North Carolina Wilmington; Yang Song, University of North Carolina Wilmington; Damla Surek, Yildiz Technical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #34830Computational Thinking: A Pedagogical Approach Developed to PrepareStudents for the Era of Artificial IntelligenceDr. Gulustan Dogan, University of North Carolina Wilmington Gulustan Dogan is an assistant professor at University of North Carolina Wilmington in Computer Sci- ence department. She worked at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey as an Associate Professor. She worked at NetApp and Intel as a software engineer in Silicon Valley. She received her PhD degree in Computer Science from City University of New York. She received her B.Sc degree in Computer Engi- neering from Middle East Technical

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

VISAR BERISHA, Arizona State University; HO-MIN KWON, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

TinyOS libraries, and applications are written in nesC, which is aprogramming language for the TinyOS. A TinyOS component hierarchy forsensing applications was established. To manage the demand of interrupts andsensing data requests, TinyOS provides an event-driven concurrency model.TinyOS schedules tasks sequentially corresponding to events caused by interruptsand all tasks are executed in a FIFO mode. The nesC is a dialect of the Clanguage designed for component-based applications. The grammar of nesC is anextension the ANSI C grammar10.3. Interface with JAVA3.1 Programming the Board (MIB510).The programming board is connected to the COM port in the PC with a data rate

Collection

2023 ASEE GSW

Authors

Po En Su Wei-Jen Lee; Irma De Leon; Jude Soweh

,Demand Response, Power Systems Analysis, Short Circuit Analysis and Relay Coordination, Distributed EnergyResources, Energy Storage System, PEV Charging Infrastructure Design, AMI and Big Data, On Line Real TimeEquipment Diagnostic and Prognostic System, and Microcomputer Based Instrument for Power Systems Monitoring,Measurement, Control, and Protection. Prof. Lee is a registered Professional Engineer in Texas.IRMA DE LEONMs. De Leon is currently a CTE Project Lead the Way teacher at Roy Johnson STEM Academy in Everman Texas. Shehas a Masters in Christian Education and a Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science . Her teaching responsibilities requireplanning and teaching Project Lead the Way courses, which is an engineering project-based program

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Leonid Revzin, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2010-799: INVOLVING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CONSTRUCTINGAND USING DEVICES FOR AUTOMATION OF CHEMISTRY LABORATORYIgor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Igor M. Verner is Associate Professor and Coordinator of Technology Education at the Department of Education in Technology and Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. He received the M.S. degree in Mathematics from the Urals State University and the Ph.D. in computer aided design systems in manufacturing from the Urals State Technical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia. His research interests are in engineering education with emphasis on experiential learning in technological environments, educational robotics

Conference Session

Enacting Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Underrepresented Minorities in STEM Classrooms: Challenges and Opportunities

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Moses Olayemi, Purdue University; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #32199Enacting Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Underrepresented Minorities inSTEM Classrooms: Challenges and OpportunitiesMoses Olayemi, Purdue University Moses Olayemi is a doctoral student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He is primarily interested in the professional development of STEM educators and STEM educator leaders as change agents in the sub-Saharan African education landscape.Prof. Jennifer DeBoer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE) Jennifer DeBoer is currently Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. Her research focuses on international

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Dale R. Baker, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Terry L. Alford, Arizona State University; Casey Jane Ankeny, Arizona State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University; Brady J. Gibbons, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Paper ID #12051The Impact of Two-Way Formative Feedback and Web-Enabled Resourceson Student Resource Use and Performance in Materials CoursesDr. Stephen J Krause, Arizona State University Stephen Krause is professor in the Materials Science Program in the Fulton School of Engineering at Arizona State University. He teaches in the areas of introductory materials engineering, polymers and composites, and capstone design. His research interests include evaluating conceptual knowledge, mis- conceptions and technologies to promote conceptual change. He has co-developed a Materials Concept Inventory and a Chemistry Concept

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Monson H. Hayes; Lonnie D. Harvel

1997, a masters degree program inmechanical engineering was added. Since the number of courses that must be offered fora masters degree exceeds the number of courses that can be taught by resident GTLfaculty, each term a number of courses are offered by video. These courses are taught inAtlanta by Georgia Tech faculty, and are videotaped for students at GTL. Due to the costof this method of delivery, and the long delays that often occur in mailing videotapesacross the Atlantic, in the summer of 1997, it was decided to experiment with deliveringcourses from one campus to the other using the internet.1 In the Fall of 1997, a graduatelevel course in Neural Networks was given to students at GTL, and delivered by internetto students in Atlanta

Conference Session

ECE Distance Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; David Michael Majerich, Century for 21st Century Universities; Nathan VerDon Parrish, Georgia Institute of Technology; Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #10217Use of a MOOC Platform to Blend a Linear Circuits Course for Non-MajorsDr. Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Bonnie Ferri is a Professor and the Associate Chair for Undergraduate Affairs in the School of Elec- trical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech. She performs research in the area of active learning, embedded computing, and hands-on education. She received the IEEE Education Society Harriet B. Rigas Award.Dr. David Michael Majerich, Century for 21st Century UniversitiesMr. Nathan VerDon Parrish, Georgia Institute of TechnologyProf. Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Aisling Coughlan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David R. Johnson; Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tanya Faltens, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Materials

courses. Much of her work has focused on introducing STEM concepts to broad audiences and encouraging students, including women and others in traditionally under-represented groups, to consider graduate school. Four of her former research students are currently in Ph.D. programs and a few more are in the pipeline. Page 26.1437.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Students’ Struggles to Explain the Atomic Behavior of Metals in a Tensile Test Lab Supported by a Molecular Dynamics SimulationAbstractThis pilot study was designed to explore students’ misconceptions

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah A. Cunha; Dale C. Rowe, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

come to love both offensive and defensive cyber security and is currently planning on pursuing a Masters degree emphasizing Cyber Security.Dr. Dale C. Rowe, Brigham Young University Dr. Rowe has worked for nearly two decades in security and network architecture with a variety of in- dustries in international companies. He has provided secure enterprise architecture on both military and commercial satellite communications systems. He has also advised and trained both national and interna- tional governments on cyber-security. Since joining Brigham Young University in 2010, he has designed a variety of courses on Information Assurance, Cyber Security, Penetration Testing, Cyber Forensics and Systems Administration and

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esat Alpay, Imperial College London; Peter Cutler, Imperial College London; Susan Eisenbach, Imperial College London; Anthony Field, Imperial College London

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1155: CHANGING THE MARKS BASED CULTURE OF LEARNINGTHROUGH PEER ASSISTED TUTORIALSEsat Alpay, Imperial College LondonPeter Cutler, Imperial College LondonSusan Eisenbach, Imperial College LondonAnthony Field, Imperial College London Page 14.316.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Changing the Marks Based Culture of Learning through Peer Assisted Tutorials E. Alpay1, P.S. Cutler2, S. Eisenbach2 and A.J. Field2 1 Faculty of Engineering (EnVision) 2 Department of Computing Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus

Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Hopkins, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2008-2741: RELATING CONTINUOUS-TIME AND DISCRETE-TIME IN THECLASSROOMMark Hopkins, Rochester Institute of Technology Mark A. Hopkins is an Associate Professor in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY. He obtained his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Virginia Tech in 1988. His main research interests are in the areas of modeling and controlling large flexible structures, and engineering education. Page 13.1030.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Relating Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time in the ClassroomAbstractIt never ceases to

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole Joslyn, University of Texas at El Paso; Amira Williams, University of Texas at El Paso; Angelica Ann Littles

Paper ID #38046No Guarantees at a Hispanic Serving Institution: UnexpectedInterracial ReflectionsCole Hatfield Joslyn (Assistant Professor of Practice) TBDAngelica Ann Encabo Littles I am currently a third-year Engineering Innovation and Leadership major at the University of Texas at El Paso with a concentration in civil engineering. I solve problems in creative ways and know how to apply classic techniques to modern solutions. I am currently a teaching assistant for an engineering design course where I am able to teach students my knowledge and perception of engineering design. I am very passionate about

Collection

2014 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Mahmoud Elsayed; Paul Cotae

ASEE’14 Conference, PA, USA, 14-15 Nov, 2014. On the Performance of Underwater Mobile Acoustic Sensor Networks:Work in Progress Mahmoud Elsayed, Paul Cotae Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of the District of Columbia Washington, DC 20008 mahmoud.elsayed@udc.edu, pcotae@udc.edu Abstract—In this paper several computer simulations proposed in [3]. Moreover, we developed a GUI softwareand pool experiments have been carried out to verify “SAM Control” which we used to

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Rebecca Anne Hardesty, University of California, San Diego; Paul Andreas Hadjipieris, University of California, San Diego; Jace Hargis, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

1992, Lawrence Carlson and JacquelynSullivan created an integrated teaching and learning programs for undergraduate engineeringstudents at the University of Colorado. The learning environment created allowed the integrationof engineering theory with practice, which in turn supported active, collaborative learning totake place. The study notes that 80% of students who took this course during their first year haveremained in engineering into their third year, a remarkably higher rate than the college's 55%average (Lawrence & Sullivan, 1999).MethodsSetting This study was conducted at UC San Diego, a large public research University in theUnited States. Two sessions of the same course were offered in the first and second month ofsummer

Conference Session

Supporting Underrepresented and LGBTQ Students

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alberto Cureg Cruz, California State University, Bakersfield; Amin Malek, California State University, Bakersfield; Andrea Medina, California State University, Bakersfield; Melissa Danforth, California State University, Bakersfield

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

in flipped classroom methods, the team includes a third-personeducational researcher (Andrea Medina) focusing on high-impact classroom practices. There arethree instructors in the study: Instructor A, Instructor B and Instructor C. Instructor A is the leadinstructional designer and learned FC and active learning from the Transforming STEMTeaching Faculty Learning Program (FLP) hosted virtually by the University of California,Berkley. Instructor A has publications in iterations of the flipped classroom model [20], [21].Instructor C received a grant on diversity-centric learning and project-based learning. InstructorA and C taught years of courses in the flipped classroom modality before the study. Instructor Bhas less training than Instructor

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeong Yang, Texas A&M University, San Antonio; Young Lee, Texas A&M University, San Antonio; Mohammad Abdel-Rahman, Texas A&M University, San Antonio; Zechun Cao, Texas A&M University, San Antonio

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Computing and Cybersecurity. Before joining Texas A&M, he was working as an Assistant Professor of Informatics and CIS at Indiana University East/School of business and economics. Dr. Al-Ramahi has received his doctoral degree in Information Systems from Dakota State University/College of Business and Information Systems (BIS) in 2017. His specialization is Knowledge Management and Decision Support Systems. His research interests are in data analytics and its applications in various areas, and Information Systems design. He has published in refereed journals such as ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS), ACM Transactions on Social Computing (TSC) and Journal of Information Science and has

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Brian J. Winkel; Aaron D. Klebanoff

Session 1265 . Technology-Based Problems in Calculus From Science and Engineering (1) Aaron D. Klebanoff and (2) Brian J. Winkel (1) Department of Mathematics, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute IN 47803 USA Aaron. Klebanof@Rose-Hulman. edu and (2) Department of Mathematical Sciences. United States Military Academy, West Point NY 10996 USA ab3646@usma2.usma. edu

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Louis J. Plebani; Joseph C. Hartman

and Inventory Control” coursein the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering at Lehigh University. Thispaper discusses an overview of the problem/learning tool implementation and student reaction.I. BackgroundTeaching mathematically oriented subjects such as basic statistics and economic decision analysis isoften frustrating. At their heart, these subjects are not difficult (after all, they are by definitionlogical and for the most part follow consistent rules), but many students have difficulty because theyare not motivated to drill the homework problems required to cement the concepts taught inlectures. At the same time, it is widely accepted that students across the educational spectrumunderstand material better

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camila Olivero-Araya, The Ohio State University; Julie P. Martin, The Ohio State University; Micah Organ

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

their problems because they are adults [31]. However, one studyhighlighted that some faculty members believe that international students deserve moredepartmental consideration than they currently receive, recognizing the extra challenges theyface [33]. No matter what the approach is, faculty members play a critical role in the success ofinternational students, and their attitudes and approaches can have a significant impact on thestudents' experience and academic achievements.Faculty from hard sciences may have less empathy for the challenges faced by internationalstudents. Evidence suggests that some faculty members in engineering departments believe thatdomestic students may be deterred from enrolling in their programs if the number

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lizabeth T Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

). SUSTAIN SLO: Reenergizing Learning, Proceedings ASEE National Conference, Seattle, WA. 1–29.[8] Cress, C. M. (2008). Creating inclusive learning communities: the role of student–faculty relationships in mitigating negative campus climate. Learning Inquiry, 2(2), 95–111.[9] Sheppard, S. D., Macatangay, K., Colby, A., & Sullivan, W. M. (2009). Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.[10] Schlemer, L. (2012). Study of mode of teaching in Cal Poly classrooms. Unpublished study.[11] Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond Culture. Anchor Books: Garden City, NY.[12] Senge, P., Cambron-McCabe, N., Lucas, T., Smith, B., Dutton, J., & Kleiner, A. (2000). Schools That Learn: A Fifth Discipline Fieldbook for

Conference Session

Embedded Systems and Mobile Computing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alireza Kavianpour, DeVry University, Pomona; Behdad Kavianpour, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

California, Irvine Engineering Researcher at University of California, Irvine. Page 23.680.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Image Processing and Math CoursesAbstractThis paper demonstrates the importance of high school level algebra and trigonometry in solvingimage processing problems. The detection of lines and curves in an image is a fundamentalproblem in image processing. The problem is often solved by using the polar coordinate system. Inthe simplest case, the picture contains a number of discrete black points lying on a whitebackground. The goal is to

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarma Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University; Jonathan Mathews, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

devices, todiscuss various options to increase energy efficiency, to examine ways to save energy andmoney, and to explore approaches to maintain and protect the environment.There is a prescribed text book for this course 3. Most of the reference materials and lectureslides are posted on the web and are delivered via the course management program: A NewGlobal Learning Environment (ANGEL). ANGEL was developed by Cyber Learning and wasadopted as the course management system by The Pennsylvania State University.Instructional Design The face-to-face sections of this course have been popular due to the warmth

Conference Session

COED: Cybersecurity Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sai Sushmitha Sudha; SaiSuma Sudha; Ahmad Y. Javaid, The University of Toledo; Xiaoli Yang

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

specifically to him. Out of this ˜$12m, ˜$5.45M has been allocated to the University of Toledo. These projects have been funded by various agencies including the NSF (National Science Foundation), AFRL (Air Force Research Lab), NASA-JPL, Department of Energy, and the State of Ohio. He also played a critical role in the cultivation of a private gift to support the CSTAR lab for cyber security research. He has published more than 90 peer-reviewed journal, conference, and poster papers. He has also served as a reviewer for several high impact journals and as a member of the technical program committee for several reputed conferences.Xiaoli Yang ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Munir Mandviwalla; Chang Liu; Azim Danesh

completely omitted because distance education applied equally to both groupsand individuals. The definition of Vnduin and Clark will be used for purposes of this paper.The California Distance Learning Project in 1997 reviewed some of the research on successfulstudents in distance education programs and found that the students were typically voluntarilyseeking further education, are motivated and are more disciplined, tend to be older than theaverage student, and tend to possess a more serious attitude toward their courses (Palloff & Pratt,1999). Nipper (1989) describes these successful learners as “noisy learners”, that is one who isactive and creative in the learning process. According to Star Roxanne Hiltz (1993) participationin on-line

Conference Session

Computer-Supported Pedagogy and Assessment

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

many engineering andcomputer science. Video creation posed more work and time for both students and instructors;however, there are educational benefits of requiring students to review and explain their work: itprovides authentic engineering communication practice and seeds a habit of metacognition.Introduction and Related WorkEducators design pedagogical methods, activities to support student learning, and assessments ofstudent learning, while often considering the theoretical framing of how students learn. Whileengineering and computer science learning experiences include hands-on, practical experienceswith active learning exercises, laboratory work, experiments, projects, and internships, examsremain a primary tool for assessing students

Collection

2024 ASEE North East Section

Authors

Eric UWAYEZU, UNIVERSITY OF BRIDGEPORT

Profiling and Targeted Advertising on LinkedIn: A Literature Review Eric Uwayezu Dr.Dan Tenney Dept.of Engineering and Dept.of Engineering and Technology Management Technology Management University of Bridgeport University of Bridgeport euwayezu@my.bridgeport.edu dtenney@bridgeport.edu I. INTRODUCTIONAbstract-- As the digital landscape changes, privacy concerns in Incorporating, Machine learning is a subset ofmachine learning applications need to be focused on

Conference Session

Assessment Strategies in Mechanics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Keith D. Hjelmstad, Arizona State University; Amie Baisley, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

.[8] S. A. Atwood, M. T. Siniawski, and A. R. Carberry, “Using standards-based grading to effectively assess project-based design courses,” in 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2014.[9] T. Guskey, “Closing achievement gaps: Revisiting Benjamin S. Bloom’s ‘Learning for Mastery,’” J. Adv. Acad., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 8–31, 2007.[10] A. R. Carberry, M. Siniawski, S. A. Atwood, and H. A. Diefes-Dux, “Best practices for using standards-based grading in engineering courses,” in 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2016.[11] D. Lewis, “Student anxiety in standards-based grading in mathematics courses,” Inno. High. Educ., 2019.[12] B. S. Bloom, “Time and learning,” Am. Psychol., vol. 29, no. 9, pp