Conference Session

COED: Spotlight on Diverse Learners

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vijesh J. Bhute, Imperial College London; Ellen Player; Deesha Chadha, Imperial College London

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

bystudents but lack consideration for student preference as well as inclusivity. In this study,using feedback from students and evidence-based design principles, we have developed ascreen reader-accessible website to deliver Engineering Mathematics to second yearundergraduate students. Student surveys and usage statistics on the website indicated highlevel of engagement throughout the year with students shown to prefer this delivery methodover PDF options. We have further extended the implementation to first year Mathematicscourse and propose a practical four-factor framework of ‘accessibility’ which can influenceengagement and access by students. The proposed framework can be used to chooseappropriate learning resources and screen reader accessible

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Essam M. Kosba; Ahmed Dawoud

disbelief), fuzzy sets use a spectrum of possiblevalues. Fuzzy logic is difficult to apply especially when people provide evidence. Theproblems stem from linguistic vagueness to difficulties in supplying the definitions needed18 .3- Major Components of ITSITSs are computer programs designed to transfer knowledge about a particular domainthrough the use of individualized learning sessions. ITSs are meant to simulate human tutorsin a one-on-one environment rather than human teachers in a classroom environment. ITSsare among the most promising of emerging technological solutions for coping withprofessional instructor shortages. The ability to offer personalized instruction to individualstudents can enable ITS to successfully increase the effective

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aubrey Nicholas Birdwell, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jack Cook, The Evergreen State College; Richard S Weiss, The Evergreen State College; Jens Mache, Lewis & Clark College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

instructors to create and organize student groups and ex-ercises. Additionally, students interact with the web application to access tutorials for the exercisethey’re playing, answer assessment questions, and interact with the instructor via a real time chat.We also provide connection information for the virtual environments and an interactive in-browserterminal. The control framework for exercise deployment is managed via Terraform to allow in-structors to deploy pre-designed Docker containers on demand, depending on which exercise theyare running. This also allows designing new exercises to be a very flexible and streamlined pro-cess, since any Docker image can easily be turned into a new exercise [7]. As a result of usingDocker as our only

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debalina Maitra, Arizona State University; Seyed Hamid Reza Sanei, Penn State University, Behrend College; Jiawei Gong, Penn State University, Behrend College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

gap in existing literature.[4]A significant concern highlighted in previous studies is the apparent lack of structured supportsystems within U.S. academic institutions for international faculty[5]–[7], which also remains apertinent theme in our narratives. This gap manifests in several ways, from inadequate navigationalguidance within the academic system to insufficient mentorship opportunities, often leaving thesefaculty members to face both professional and cultural barriers alone [6]. Despite these challenges,the international faculty contributes immensely to their fields, bringing a rich tapestry of culturaland linguistic diversity, particularly beneficial in the realms of global engineering andhumanitarian design [8]. A previous study

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peng Li, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

much higher.Around 2015, we started exploring a commercial, cloud-based (public cloud) platform -Microsoft Azure. Starting 2016, we used Google Cloud Platform (GCP) in a small number ofcourses. A public cloud is owned and managed by a third-party service provider such asAmazon, Microsoft and Google that provides IT resources for multiple clients over the internet.Amazon Web Services (AWS) has the largest share in the commercial, public cloud market.Some public cloud vendors provide free credits to educators and students via educational grantprograms to use their systems. In 2015, Microsoft Azure University Educator Grant offered themost generous monthly credits. The Azure portal was also simple and easy to use. However, theAzure grant program

Conference Session

Advancing Manufacturing Education Through Outreach and Collaboration

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Luntz, University of Michigan; E. Emanuel Almeida, University of Michigan; Dawn Tilbury, University of Michigan; James Moyne, University of Michigan; Keith Hargrove, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

(DRFT) has been devel-oped as part of the NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) on Reconfigurable Manufacturing.The testbed combines hardware and simulation components at both universities operating undercommon control using secure channels over the Internet, and is designed in such a way as to easethe addition and modification of its various components The original UM RFT comprises 1) aserial-parallel manufacturing line, 2) a Virtual Factory software component, 3) factory-wide opensoftware integration platform and data warehouse, 5) modular logic control developed at the celllevel, and 6) a multi-teir networked control and diagnostic structure. To this system, the MSUportion was added comprising an Automated Storage and Retrieval system and a

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 4.B

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reine Azzi, Lebanese American University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

for hybrid human-AI learning outcomes. Through Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, faculty can re-evaluate the use ofGenAI in their courses or programs, dissecting these outcomes to better utilize AI capabilitieswhile highlighting Human skills. While many faculty members have been incorporating GenAIactivities in their classes on an ad-hoc basis, this framework focuses on an in-depth approach,determining a collaborative approach to using GenAI tools, with learning outcomes clearlyvisualizing the hybrid process. A sample course on Hybrid Human-AI communication will alsobe shared to portray the process. This course is designed with GenAI in mind, allowing studentsto focus on learning with all the tools at their disposal. The detailed activities (which

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

M.A. Abuhelaleh; K.M. Elleithy

, computer skills 1 & 2 in Alhusein Bin Talal University / Jordan for three years. He has master degreecomputer science from University of Bridgeport, and graduated with a GPA of 3.48. Mohammed now is in secondsemester of PHD program, and he is working as a graduate assistant for prof. Elleithy at Engineering and ComputerScience department at the University of Bridgeport.Dr. Elleithy received the B.Sc. degree in computer science and automatic control from Alexandria University in1983, the MS Degree in computer networks from the same university in 1986, and the MS and Ph.D. degrees incomputer science from The Center for Advanced Computer Studies at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in1988 and 1990, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, he was

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany-SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, University at Albany-SUNY; Paul M. Schoch, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

- grams. She has numerous chapters, articles, and papers on technology-supported teaching and learning as well as systems-change stages pertaining to technology adoption.Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, University at Albany-SUNY Dr. Kathy Gullie has extensive experience as a Senior Evaluator and Research Associate at the University at Albany/SUNY. She is currently the principal investigator in several educational grants including an NSF engineering grant supporting Historically Black University and Colleges; ”Building Learning Com- munities to Improve Student Achievement: Albany City School District” , and ”Educational Leadership Program Enhancement Project at Syracuse University” Teacher Leadership Quality Program. She is also

Conference Session

Computers in Education 7 - Modulus 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Gulustan Dogan, University of North Carolina Wilmington; Yang Song, University of North Carolina Wilmington; Damla Surek, Yildiz Technical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #34830Computational Thinking: A Pedagogical Approach Developed to PrepareStudents for the Era of Artificial IntelligenceDr. Gulustan Dogan, University of North Carolina Wilmington Gulustan Dogan is an assistant professor at University of North Carolina Wilmington in Computer Sci- ence department. She worked at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey as an Associate Professor. She worked at NetApp and Intel as a software engineer in Silicon Valley. She received her PhD degree in Computer Science from City University of New York. She received her B.Sc degree in Computer Engi- neering from Middle East Technical

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

VISAR BERISHA, Arizona State University; HO-MIN KWON, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

TinyOS libraries, and applications are written in nesC, which is aprogramming language for the TinyOS. A TinyOS component hierarchy forsensing applications was established. To manage the demand of interrupts andsensing data requests, TinyOS provides an event-driven concurrency model.TinyOS schedules tasks sequentially corresponding to events caused by interruptsand all tasks are executed in a FIFO mode. The nesC is a dialect of the Clanguage designed for component-based applications. The grammar of nesC is anextension the ANSI C grammar10.3. Interface with JAVA3.1 Programming the Board (MIB510).The programming board is connected to the COM port in the PC with a data rate

Collection

2023 ASEE GSW

Authors

Po En Su Wei-Jen Lee; Irma De Leon; Jude Soweh

,Demand Response, Power Systems Analysis, Short Circuit Analysis and Relay Coordination, Distributed EnergyResources, Energy Storage System, PEV Charging Infrastructure Design, AMI and Big Data, On Line Real TimeEquipment Diagnostic and Prognostic System, and Microcomputer Based Instrument for Power Systems Monitoring,Measurement, Control, and Protection. Prof. Lee is a registered Professional Engineer in Texas.IRMA DE LEONMs. De Leon is currently a CTE Project Lead the Way teacher at Roy Johnson STEM Academy in Everman Texas. Shehas a Masters in Christian Education and a Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science . Her teaching responsibilities requireplanning and teaching Project Lead the Way courses, which is an engineering project-based program

Conference Session

Enacting Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Underrepresented Minorities in STEM Classrooms: Challenges and Opportunities

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Moses Olayemi, Purdue University; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

Paper ID #32199Enacting Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Underrepresented Minorities inSTEM Classrooms: Challenges and OpportunitiesMoses Olayemi, Purdue University Moses Olayemi is a doctoral student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He is primarily interested in the professional development of STEM educators and STEM educator leaders as change agents in the sub-Saharan African education landscape.Prof. Jennifer DeBoer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE) Jennifer DeBoer is currently Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. Her research focuses on international

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Dale R. Baker, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Terry L. Alford, Arizona State University; Casey Jane Ankeny, Arizona State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University; Brady J. Gibbons, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Paper ID #12051The Impact of Two-Way Formative Feedback and Web-Enabled Resourceson Student Resource Use and Performance in Materials CoursesDr. Stephen J Krause, Arizona State University Stephen Krause is professor in the Materials Science Program in the Fulton School of Engineering at Arizona State University. He teaches in the areas of introductory materials engineering, polymers and composites, and capstone design. His research interests include evaluating conceptual knowledge, mis- conceptions and technologies to promote conceptual change. He has co-developed a Materials Concept Inventory and a Chemistry Concept

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Leonid Revzin, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2010-799: INVOLVING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CONSTRUCTINGAND USING DEVICES FOR AUTOMATION OF CHEMISTRY LABORATORYIgor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Igor M. Verner is Associate Professor and Coordinator of Technology Education at the Department of Education in Technology and Science, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. He received the M.S. degree in Mathematics from the Urals State University and the Ph.D. in computer aided design systems in manufacturing from the Urals State Technical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia. His research interests are in engineering education with emphasis on experiential learning in technological environments, educational robotics

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Monson H. Hayes; Lonnie D. Harvel

1997, a masters degree program inmechanical engineering was added. Since the number of courses that must be offered fora masters degree exceeds the number of courses that can be taught by resident GTLfaculty, each term a number of courses are offered by video. These courses are taught inAtlanta by Georgia Tech faculty, and are videotaped for students at GTL. Due to the costof this method of delivery, and the long delays that often occur in mailing videotapesacross the Atlantic, in the summer of 1997, it was decided to experiment with deliveringcourses from one campus to the other using the internet.1 In the Fall of 1997, a graduatelevel course in Neural Networks was given to students at GTL, and delivered by internetto students in Atlanta

Conference Session

ECE Distance Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology; David Michael Majerich, Century for 21st Century Universities; Nathan VerDon Parrish, Georgia Institute of Technology; Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #10217Use of a MOOC Platform to Blend a Linear Circuits Course for Non-MajorsDr. Bonnie H. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Bonnie Ferri is a Professor and the Associate Chair for Undergraduate Affairs in the School of Elec- trical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech. She performs research in the area of active learning, embedded computing, and hands-on education. She received the IEEE Education Society Harriet B. Rigas Award.Dr. David Michael Majerich, Century for 21st Century UniversitiesMr. Nathan VerDon Parrish, Georgia Institute of TechnologyProf. Aldo A. Ferri, Georgia Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Aisling Coughlan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David R. Johnson; Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tanya Faltens, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Materials

courses. Much of her work has focused on introducing STEM concepts to broad audiences and encouraging students, including women and others in traditionally under-represented groups, to consider graduate school. Four of her former research students are currently in Ph.D. programs and a few more are in the pipeline. Page 26.1437.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Students’ Struggles to Explain the Atomic Behavior of Metals in a Tensile Test Lab Supported by a Molecular Dynamics SimulationAbstractThis pilot study was designed to explore students’ misconceptions

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah A. Cunha; Dale C. Rowe, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

come to love both offensive and defensive cyber security and is currently planning on pursuing a Masters degree emphasizing Cyber Security.Dr. Dale C. Rowe, Brigham Young University Dr. Rowe has worked for nearly two decades in security and network architecture with a variety of in- dustries in international companies. He has provided secure enterprise architecture on both military and commercial satellite communications systems. He has also advised and trained both national and interna- tional governments on cyber-security. Since joining Brigham Young University in 2010, he has designed a variety of courses on Information Assurance, Cyber Security, Penetration Testing, Cyber Forensics and Systems Administration and

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esat Alpay, Imperial College London; Peter Cutler, Imperial College London; Susan Eisenbach, Imperial College London; Anthony Field, Imperial College London

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1155: CHANGING THE MARKS BASED CULTURE OF LEARNINGTHROUGH PEER ASSISTED TUTORIALSEsat Alpay, Imperial College LondonPeter Cutler, Imperial College LondonSusan Eisenbach, Imperial College LondonAnthony Field, Imperial College London Page 14.316.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Changing the Marks Based Culture of Learning through Peer Assisted Tutorials E. Alpay1, P.S. Cutler2, S. Eisenbach2 and A.J. Field2 1 Faculty of Engineering (EnVision) 2 Department of Computing Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus

Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Hopkins, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2008-2741: RELATING CONTINUOUS-TIME AND DISCRETE-TIME IN THECLASSROOMMark Hopkins, Rochester Institute of Technology Mark A. Hopkins is an Associate Professor in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY. He obtained his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Virginia Tech in 1988. His main research interests are in the areas of modeling and controlling large flexible structures, and engineering education. Page 13.1030.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Relating Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time in the ClassroomAbstractIt never ceases to

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole Joslyn, University of Texas at El Paso; Amira Williams, University of Texas at El Paso; Angelica Ann Littles

Paper ID #38046No Guarantees at a Hispanic Serving Institution: UnexpectedInterracial ReflectionsCole Hatfield Joslyn (Assistant Professor of Practice) TBDAngelica Ann Encabo Littles I am currently a third-year Engineering Innovation and Leadership major at the University of Texas at El Paso with a concentration in civil engineering. I solve problems in creative ways and know how to apply classic techniques to modern solutions. I am currently a teaching assistant for an engineering design course where I am able to teach students my knowledge and perception of engineering design. I am very passionate about

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 9

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, State University of New York - Farmingdale; Alyssa Xiang

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

Paper ID #46484Social Factors Impacting Cybersecurity Students’ Learning and During DecisionMaking the Coverage of Major-specific ConceptsDr. Emre Tokgoz, State University of New York - Farmingdale Emre Tokgoz is a faculty of Department of Computer Security at SUNY - Farmingdale. His research interests in STEM education include understanding and proposing improvement ideas for advancing undergraduate and graduate students conceptual mathematics, engineering, computing, and cybersecurity knowledge.Alyssa Xiang ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Social Factors Impacting Cybersecurity

Collection

2014 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Mahmoud Elsayed; Paul Cotae

ASEE’14 Conference, PA, USA, 14-15 Nov, 2014. On the Performance of Underwater Mobile Acoustic Sensor Networks:Work in Progress Mahmoud Elsayed, Paul Cotae Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of the District of Columbia Washington, DC 20008 mahmoud.elsayed@udc.edu, pcotae@udc.edu Abstract—In this paper several computer simulations proposed in [3]. Moreover, we developed a GUI softwareand pool experiments have been carried out to verify “SAM Control” which we used to

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Rebecca Anne Hardesty, University of California, San Diego; Paul Andreas Hadjipieris, University of California, San Diego; Jace Hargis, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

1992, Lawrence Carlson and JacquelynSullivan created an integrated teaching and learning programs for undergraduate engineeringstudents at the University of Colorado. The learning environment created allowed the integrationof engineering theory with practice, which in turn supported active, collaborative learning totake place. The study notes that 80% of students who took this course during their first year haveremained in engineering into their third year, a remarkably higher rate than the college's 55%average (Lawrence & Sullivan, 1999).MethodsSetting This study was conducted at UC San Diego, a large public research University in theUnited States. Two sessions of the same course were offered in the first and second month ofsummer

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT) Technical Session 5

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meghan Allen, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology Division (CIT)

Paper ID #48099Students’ Experiences of Learning Technical Writing in Computer ScienceCourses: Perspectives on AssessmentDr. Meghan Allen, University of British Columbia Meghan Allen is an Associate Professor of Teaching in Computer Science at the University of British Columbia, where she has been teaching since 2007. She holds a PhD in Curriculum and Pedagogy and is interested in designing curriculum, understanding student experience, and mentoring future teaching-focused computer science faculty members. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Students’ Experiences of

Conference Session

Supporting Underrepresented and LGBTQ Students

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alberto Cureg Cruz, California State University, Bakersfield; Amin Malek, California State University, Bakersfield; Andrea Medina, California State University, Bakersfield; Melissa Danforth, California State University, Bakersfield

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

in flipped classroom methods, the team includes a third-personeducational researcher (Andrea Medina) focusing on high-impact classroom practices. There arethree instructors in the study: Instructor A, Instructor B and Instructor C. Instructor A is the leadinstructional designer and learned FC and active learning from the Transforming STEMTeaching Faculty Learning Program (FLP) hosted virtually by the University of California,Berkley. Instructor A has publications in iterations of the flipped classroom model [20], [21].Instructor C received a grant on diversity-centric learning and project-based learning. InstructorA and C taught years of courses in the flipped classroom modality before the study. Instructor Bhas less training than Instructor

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeong Yang, Texas A&M University, San Antonio; Young Lee, Texas A&M University, San Antonio; Mohammad Abdel-Rahman, Texas A&M University, San Antonio; Zechun Cao, Texas A&M University, San Antonio

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Computing and Cybersecurity. Before joining Texas A&M, he was working as an Assistant Professor of Informatics and CIS at Indiana University East/School of business and economics. Dr. Al-Ramahi has received his doctoral degree in Information Systems from Dakota State University/College of Business and Information Systems (BIS) in 2017. His specialization is Knowledge Management and Decision Support Systems. His research interests are in data analytics and its applications in various areas, and Information Systems design. He has published in refereed journals such as ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS), ACM Transactions on Social Computing (TSC) and Journal of Information Science and has

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Brian J. Winkel; Aaron D. Klebanoff

Session 1265 . Technology-Based Problems in Calculus From Science and Engineering (1) Aaron D. Klebanoff and (2) Brian J. Winkel (1) Department of Mathematics, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute IN 47803 USA Aaron. Klebanof@Rose-Hulman. edu and (2) Department of Mathematical Sciences. United States Military Academy, West Point NY 10996 USA ab3646@usma2.usma. edu

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Louis J. Plebani; Joseph C. Hartman

and Inventory Control” coursein the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering at Lehigh University. Thispaper discusses an overview of the problem/learning tool implementation and student reaction.I. BackgroundTeaching mathematically oriented subjects such as basic statistics and economic decision analysis isoften frustrating. At their heart, these subjects are not difficult (after all, they are by definitionlogical and for the most part follow consistent rules), but many students have difficulty because theyare not motivated to drill the homework problems required to cement the concepts taught inlectures. At the same time, it is widely accepted that students across the educational spectrumunderstand material better