Conference Session

International Initiatives, Partnerships, Teaching Strategies & Collaborative Networks (IUCEE, IFEES, LACCEI.... )

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Jose Carlos Quadrado, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa; Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard; Hans Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

International

Instituciones de Enseñanza deIngeniería (ASIBEI), and the Ibero-American Science and Technology Education Consortium(ISTEC) in signing the Engineering Education Collaboration Agreement for the Americas2.IFEES has now grown to 52 member societies (see Appendix A) from academia and industry. Itheld its First IFEES Global Engineering Education Summit in Istanbul, Turkey in 20073. Themain outcome of the first Summit, whose theme was Moving from Concept to Action, was theapproval of the IFEES 2008-2012 Strategic Plan3. The Founding President Claudio Borrichallenged IFEES members to try to answer the question: “How can education in Science and Technology help to reduce poverty to boost socio- economic development and to take the right

Conference Session

International Initiatives, Partnerships, Teaching Strategies & Collaborative Networks (IUCEE, IFEES, LACCEI.... )

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andy Ward, Ohio State University; Ann Christy, Ohio State University; Robert J. Gustafson; Jessica D'Ambrosio; Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

International

retrieval; 3) a management model that makes it possible for institutions to share remotely, in an optimal manner, human resources and various devices and apparatus; 4) a synchronous computer environment (online) that supports communication for remote collaborators. LAB@DER aims to gather industrial and financial partners, as well as international organizations in order to establish a viable and lasting research and training laboratory federation.In addition to the partnerships presented in Table 2, information was presented on: The Ohio State University Engineering Education Innovation Center

Conference Session

Exemplary Outreach Programs in Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Joseph Cocozza, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2009-2238: RESEARCH, COLLABORATION, AND INTERCONNECTEDOUTREACH FOR UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPSGisele Ragusa, University of Southern CaliforniaJoseph Cocozza, University of Southern California Page 14.1029.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 1 Research, Collaboration and Interconnected Outreach for Underrepresented Groups: Success from RET and REU Collaborations Gisele Ragusa, Ph.D. Joseph Cocozza, Ph.D. and Diana Sabogal University of Southern California Abstract

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Jesiek, Purdue University; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech; Kacey Beddoes, Virginia Tech; Miguel Hurtado, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 14.792.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Internationalizing Engineering Education Research: Mapping Countries and Keywords to Identify New Collaborative HorizonsKeywords: international, collaboration, engineering education research, bibliometricsAbstractWhat are the current levels of activity and leading subject areas of engineering educationresearch, both worldwide and in specific national and regional contexts? And to what extent areengineering education researchers collaborating across countries? Building on prior theoreticaland methodological insights from social studies of science and bibliometrics, we address theseresearch questions by analyzing more than

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Imre Rudas, Budapest Polytechnical Institution; Peter Toth, Budapest Tech.

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2009-2533: UTILIZATION OF COOPERATIVE AND COLLABORATIVELEARNING IN TECHNICAL TEACHER TRAINING AND ENGINEERINGEDUCATION OVER NATIONAL BOARDERSImre Rudas, Budapest Polytechnical Institution Director, Budapest TechPeter Toth, Budapest Tech. Director, Centre for Teacher Training and Engineering Education, Budapest Tech Page 14.1339.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Utilization of Cooperative and Collaborative Learning in Technical Teacher Training and Engineering Education over National BoarderAbstractThe Masters level Opportunities and Technological Innovation in

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Saleh Keshawarz; Hisham Alnajjar, University of Hartford; Beth Richards, University of Hartford; Abdul Hai Sofizada, SHEP

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2009-1693: MODERNIZING ENGINEERING ENGINEERING EDUCATION ATHERAT UNIVERSITY A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN UNIVERSITY OFHARTFORD AND HERAT UNIVERSITYM. Keshawarz, University of Hartford Mohammad Saleh Keshawarz is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Hartford. He is also the Director of Partnership between University Hartford and Herat University, representing the University of Hartford. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the Sate of Connecticut. He received his BSCE degree from Kabul University, M. Engr. from Tennessee Satet University, and his Ph.D. from the University of Oklahoma.Hisham Alnajjar, University of Hartford Hisham Alnajjar is the

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaobo Peng, Prairie View A&M University; Katie Grantham Lough, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Benjamin Dow, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Dow, Missouri University of Science and Technology Assistant Chair of Extended Studies, Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology Page 14.1127.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Teaching Collaborative Engineering Design in a Distributed Environment through Experiential LearningAbstractThis paper presents a collaborative project conducted by Prairie View A&M University(PVAMU) and Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T) to jointly developcollaborative engineering design instructional projects. The

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Developments, Implementations

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aurenice Oliveira, Michigan Technological University; Ivan Lima, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

International

priority; 3. Global engineering excellence depends critically on a mutual commitment to partnerships, especially those that link engineering education to professional practice; 4. Research on engineering in a global context is urgently needed.These recommendations suggest that educational institutions, government agencies, and theprivate industry around the world should collaborate among them to provide mobility,transnational internships, projects, and research initiatives to the faculty and students in a globalcontext. Also, according to the Global Engineering Study2, strong inter-institutional internationalpartnerships involving student exchanges, dual, double, and joint degrees, and transfer credits areproven means to enhance

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in ET: Remote and Virtual Laboratories

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Tech University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Emre Bahadir, Murray State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Department of Industrial and Engineering Technology of Murray State University. His teaching and research interests are in the field of design and manufacturing. Page 14.1020.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Remote Laboratory CollaborationAbstractThis current NSF DUE Project titled --The development of a Remotely Accessible RapidPrototyping Laboratory-- is promoting an awareness of rapid prototyping technology through thedevelopment of a remotely accessible rapid prototyping laboratory. This project is: (a)introducing cutting-edge rapid prototyping technology to four-year engineering

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Ted Lee, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2009-2283: A DEGREE-PROJECT APPROACH TO ENGINEERINGEDUCATIONGisele Ragusa, University of Southern CaliforniaTed Lee, University of Southern California Page 14.24.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Degree-Project Approach to Engineering Education Abstract Chemical engineering education is facing a growing disconnect between a curriculumfocused primarily on “unit operations” (e.g., heat exchangers and distillation columns) andfaculty research that has increasingly emphasized nano- and bio-technology. This discrepancywas recognized by an NSF-sponsored Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education

Conference Session

OMCED Topics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manhar Dhanak, Florida Atlantic University; Ronald Yeung, University of California, Berkeley; Spyros Kinnas, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

activities at CISD. • During fall semester, students are encouraged to participate in the NNRNE supported internship program. Page 14.686.63. Impact on Ocean Engineering Education and TrainingThe NNRNE program has helped to a) enhance the education and training in ocean and navalengineering offered by the FAU-Consortium Institutions through collaborations between theinstitutions and through student interactions with CISD whereby they gain vital practicalexperience in ship design, and b) provide students with career paths in naval engineering inindustry and government. The impact can be assessed in terms of the following five

Conference Session

Implementation of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge and Recent ABET Experiences

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tomasz Arciszewski, George Mason University; Michael Bronzini, George Mason University; Mark Houck, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2009-1461: IMPLEMENTING BOK2: A MODULAR POST-B.S. CIVILENGINEERING EDUCATION PROGRAMTomasz Arciszewski, George Mason University Tomasz Arciszewski is a Professor in the Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Department in the Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering at George Mason University. He is currently involved in two areas of research: visual thinking in inventive design and engineering education. He has published more than 140 articles in various journals, books, and conference proceedings. He is also an inventor, with patents in the areas of tall buildings and spaces structures obtained in three countries. Arciszewski is active in the American

Conference Session

Sustainability and Environmental Issues

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Belle Wei, San Jose State University; Patricia Backer, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

AC 2009-610: TRANSDISCIPLINARY GREEN ENGINEERING EDUCATION ATSAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITYBelle Wei, San Jose State University Dr. Belle Wei was appointed dean of the Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering at SJSU in 2002. With nearly 5,000 students, the college is the largest provider of engineers to Silicon Valley companies and has consistently received top ranking among the nation’s engineering schools offering undergraduate and master’s-level programs. Dean Wei has led the college in developing its vision to educate new engineers, who are technically excellent, broadly educated, and socially responsible.Patricia Backer, San Jose State University Dr. Patricia Backer is Director of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlene Russell, University of California, Los Angeles; Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Warren Waggenspack, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Warren Hull, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; william Monroe, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Chester Wilmot, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge

AC 2009-405: ENGINEERING EDUCATION: ORAL AND VISUALCOMMUNICATION USING ENHANCED CALIBRATED PEER REVIEWArlene Russell, University of California, Los Angeles Arlene Russell is a Senior Lecturer at UCLA in both the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and in the Department of Education. She was a co-PI on the Molecular Science Project under which the Calibrated Peer ReviewTM (CPR) program was developed. Her work in science education has been recognized by awards from the New York Film and Television Association for excellence in science videotape production; the Smithsonian Institution for her educational innovation using technology, the Chemistry Manufacturing Association for her

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hamid Vakilzadian, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Dietmar Moeller, University of Hamburg

Engineering. His current research interests include computational modelling and simulation, e-Learning, transportation, air-transport systems, aeronautical engineering, robotics, and embedded systems. Page 14.999.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Qualification and Assessment Requirements for Simulation-Based Electrical Engineering EducationAbstractModeling and Simulation (M&S) is a discipline for developing an understanding of theinteraction of the parts or of a whole system. The level of understanding developed usingM&S is rarely achievable using other disciplines. However

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Holbert, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(EPAR),” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 86, no. 2, April 1997, pp. 183-187.11. S.K. Starrett, M.M. Morcos, “Hands-on, minds-on electric power education,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 90, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 93-99.12. C.J. Finelli, A. Klinger, D.D. Budny, “Strategies for improving the classroom environment,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 90, no. 4, Oct. 2001, pp. 491-497.13. S. Shooter, M. McNeill, “Interdisciplinary collaborative learning in mechatronics at Bucknell University,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 91, no. 3, July 2002, pp. 339-344.14. T. W. Simpson, H. J. Thevenot, “Using product dissection to integrate product family design research into the classroom and improve

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Wankat, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

rigorouseducational research14, 17. These workshops also emphasize collaborations. The ChemicalEngineering Division (ChED) of ASEE could play an important role by offering one thread onrigorous engineering education research at ChED Summer Schools. By working with aneducational expert, reading about scientific research methods in education12, 13, attending aworkshop on rigorous engineering education research, studying articles in JEE and otherjournals, and perhaps taking education courses on their own campuses, engineering professorscan reach a level where they can win NSF grants and publish their engineering educationalresearch in the highest quality engineering education journals.To ensure that chemical engineering continues to retain our leadership role

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josef Rojter, Victoria University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

AC 2009-2413: A REVIEW OF PROBLEM-BASED APPROACHES TOENGINEERING EDUCATIONJosef Rojter, Victoria University of Technology The author has an academic background in chemical and materials engineering at bachelor and master level and a doctorate in engineering education.He teaches primarily in areas of materials, manufacturing and process technology and is an active member at University's centre for innovation and sustainability. Page 14.100.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Review of Problem-Based (PBL) Pedagogy Approaches to Engineering

Conference Session

Introduction to Materials Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Kitto, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

AC 2009-1725: ENHANCING FUNDAMENTAL MATERIALS ENGINEERINGEDUCATION USING BIOMEDICAL DEVICES AND CASE STUDIESKathleen Kitto, Western Washington University Page 14.567.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Enhancing Fundamental Materials Engineering Education Using Biomedical Devices and Case StudiesAbstractDuring the past six years several best practices in teaching and learning have been implementedin our Introduction to Materials Engineering course to transform the course from a traditionallecture only course to a course that is centered on conceptual and active learning. In addition,this academic year the content of the course was also

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Richter, Virginia Tech; Marie Paretti, Virginia Tech; Lisa McNair, Virginia Tech; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech

AC 2009-1592: ASSESSING STUDENT PERSPECTIVES OFINTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIONDavid Richter, Virginia Tech DAVID RICHTER is a doctoral student in the Engineering Education department at Virginia Tech. He earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Saint Louis University and a M.S. in mechanical engineering from Virginia Tech. For his dissertation, Mr. Richter is investigating the role of disciplinary egocentrism in interdisciplinary design collaboration. His other interests are in the areas of engineering design education, design cognition, and outreach programs for youth.Marie Paretti, Virginia Tech MARIE C. PARETTI is an assistant professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where

Conference Session

Modern Software Measurement Techniques

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamad Mustafa, Savannah State University; Rossmery Alva, Savannah State University; Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2009-557: MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROJECT AND COLLABORATIVE TEAMSMohamad Mustafa, Savannah State UniversityRossmery Alva, Savannah State UniversityAsad Yousuf, Savannah State University Page 14.894.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Multi-disciplinary Project and Collaborative TeamsAbstractMulti-disciplinary Project and Collaborative Teams (MPACT) is a collaborative effortbetween faculty and undergraduate students of Civil and Electrical EngineeringTechnology programs. This project is part of an undergraduate research projectsupported by the Minority Access to Graduate Education and Careers in Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (MAGEC-STEM

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Machotka, University of South Australia; Zorica Nedic, University of South Australia; Andrew Nafalski, University of South Australia; Ozdemir Gol, University of South Australia

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Electrical Engineering at the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. Page 14.98.2© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 A Remote Laboratory for Collaborative ExperimentsAbstractLaboratory experiments are a fundamental and integral part of science and engineeringeducation. In addition to reinforcing the theoretical concepts learnt, they also allow students togain and develop vital skills associated with collaboration and communication. We havedeveloped and implemented a remote laboratory at the University of South Australia (UniSA).One particular criterion in our case has been for the remote

Conference Session

Two-Year/Four-Year: From Articulation to Matriculation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Engineering, with products as diverse as air bag systems for helicopters, body armor, and orthopedic implants. She received her Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1990, her Masters degree in Mechanical Engineering from Northwestern University in 1994, and a Masters in Business Administration from Arizona State University in 2000. Page 14.335.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Collaborations with Non-Metropolitan Community Colleges Mary R. Anderson-Rowland Anita E. Grierson

Conference Session

Engineering and Other Disciplines

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Anderson, University of Alabama; Beth Todd, University of Alabama; Susan Burkett, University of Alabama; Garry Warren, University of Alabama; Marcus Brown, University of Alabama; David Cordes, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

AC 2009-1801: ENGINEERING COLLABORATIONS WITH LIBERAL ARTSMonica Anderson, University of AlabamaBeth Todd, University of AlabamaSusan Burkett, University of AlabamaGarry Warren, University of AlabamaMarcus Brown, University of AlabamaDavid Cordes, University of Alabama Page 14.544.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Engineering Collaborations with Liberal ArtsAbstractMeaningful engagement of engineering students with the liberal arts presents a unique set ofchallenges. This paper outlines a series of activities designed to foster collaborations betweenengineering and the liberal arts. Over the last few years, we have been engaged in a number

Collection

2009 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Harvey I. Lyons

Section Spring Conference, Columbus, Ohio, April, 2003. 5. Lyons, H., Albayyari, J., Integrating the Freshman Experience: E.T. Design Projects, ASEE North Central Section Spring Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, April, 2001. 6. Lyons, H., The Industrial Design of Mechanical Engineering Technology, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Symposium, Nashville, Tennessee, November, 1999. 7. Lyons, H., Messick, G., Science and Engineering Design Projects: Connecting and Integrating the Freshman Experience, ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education, Johns Hopkins University, November, 1993. 8. Lyons, H., Developing and Evaluating Engineering Education for Professional Practice, ASEE Annual

Conference Session

Communication and Collaboration

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Sharp, Vanderbilt University; Marilyn Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Pertaining to Engineering Education." She is also a member of the Middle Tennessee Chapter of the Society for Technical Communication (past president and senior member), the National Council of Teachers of English, and the Association of Professional Communication Consultants.Marilyn Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology Marilyn A. Dyrud has taught in the Communication Department of Oregon Institute of Technology since 1983 and regularly teaches courses in technical and business writing, public speaking, rhetoric, and ethics. She is active in ASEE as a member of the ETD Board and compiler of the annual “Engineering Technology Education Bibliography.” A past chair of the Pacific

Conference Session

Communication and Collaboration

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University; Are Magnus Bruaset, Simula Research Laboratory; Melissa Marshall, Pennsylvania State University; Marianne M. Sundet, Simula Research Laboratory; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

information to potential participants and the public.Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University Dr. Sarah Zappe is the Director of Assessment and Instructional Support in the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education at Pennsylvania State University. Her background is in educational psychology with an emphasis on educational testing and assessment. Page 14.1197.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Development of a National Workshop to Teach Norwegian Ph.D. Students in Engineering and Science How to Communicate ResearchKey Words: graduate

Conference Session

Communication and Collaboration

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sally Blomstrom, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Hak Tam, University of California, Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

. He earned a BSEE and MSEE from the University of Wisconsin. He earned his MBA from Seattle University. His background in industry combines biomedical engineering with international marketing and sales. His dissertation research looks at entrepreneurial education. He has research interests in service-learning and experiential education. Page 14.671.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 How and to What Extent Does a Service-Learning Pedagogy Enhance Communication and Collaborative Skill Learning Among First Year Students?Introduction All engineering

Conference Session

Measuring the Impacts of Project-based Service Learning on Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Chris Swan, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

International

half were assessment experts, the other half PBSL programexperts. A diversity of universities were represented, private and public, large and small,research-oriented and teaching-oriented. All participants were required to complete several tasksprior to their arrival at the summit, including contributing to the pre-Summit report on the Stateof PBSL in Engineering Education. This collaborative report is based on a review of thescholarly literature and education conference proceedings, and supplemented informationcollected from the Summit participants. The report summarizes PBSL programs, assessmentmethods, and assessment findings and was used as a starting point for the Summit. Uponcompletion it will be made publicly available via the Summit

Conference Session

Tree-huggers, Diggers, and Queers--Oh my!

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dean Nieusma, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

integrating sustainability into engineering education at RensselaerPolytechnic Institute. The first model entails a single course on the social analysis of sustainabledesign, taught as a social sciences course but attempting to connect to and leverage (primarilyengineering) students’ disciplinary expertise and interests. The second model is a newlyinstituted undergraduate minor in “sustainability studies” that is offered in Science andTechnology Studies (STS). This minor is targeted to students across campus and, hence, isdesigned to complement a variety of majors, including engineering majors. The third model is apilot collaboration among three courses, each with a different lens on sustainable design. Thefourth and final model is an effort to