Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yilin Feng, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

theinformation about the students who took the course in Fall 2022 and Fall 2023.Table 1. Information about Students Who Took the Course in Fall 2022 and Fall 2023. Senior Junior Sophomore Total Fall 2022 17 13 2 32 Fall 2023 15 8 3 26The course description states [5] that Provided in each fall semester, the objectives of the course are to understand the fundamental mechanisms and principles of airport planning and development, airport finance management, airport marketing and communication, and governmental and public relations.The course was initially designed in an in

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gustavo Sanchez, Purdue University; Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University; Shantanu Gupta, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

request for aeromedical transport from an EmergencyMedical Services (EMS) agency or hospital. The HAA dispatch centers that receive theserequests assess the urgency of each situation along with an analysis of the patient's healthcondition. Once the transportation mission is approved, the pilot at the selected HAA base startsdetailed mission planning according to the company's Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Ifthe weather conditions at departure, enroute, and destination are above the Visual Flight Rules(VFR) minimums for FAR Part 135 operations and are receiving approval from the OperationControl Center, the pilot prepares the aircraft to pick up the patient.Aircrews perform the preflight procedures and safety briefings with the medical

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E. Tyler Young, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

impacted efforts to recruit a more diversepopulation of students into the discipline [6]. In this paper, I demonstrate how an accessible andinclusive middle school mini-unit on fluid mechanics can be constructed using principles ofculturally-relevant pedagogy, community-based learning, and the Ambitious Science Teachingmodel. By doing so, I hope to push back against dominant perceptions about teachingengineering to young learners and offer an example mini-unit plan for other educators to adaptfor teaching aerospace or other relevant engineering concepts.Conceptual FrameworkThis mini-unit – playfully titled “Cool It!” – was developed using principles of culturallyresponsive and sustaining pedagogies (CRSP), community-based learning (CBL), and

Conference Session

AERO 4: New Technologies and Strategic Applications

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

several years. In this working paper, the research goals are discussed, student participations andtask breakdown are highlighted. The key emphasis is on the value of this project-based courseoffered to undergraduate students at all levels and engineering disciplines. Dissemination plan,student tasks and schedules, and student perspectives are discussed. Learning objectives andassessment are reviewed. Student perspectives and the value of this research-based course arehighlighted. Additionally, some results obtained from this research are examined.Introduction:A new interdisciplinary undergraduate research course is developed and taught at the KennesawState University. The objective of the project is to custom design, build and fly a

Conference Session

AERO 5: Student Success

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian D. Ritchie, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

achieved with the use of EML-directed modules, which helped inform the approach used here. Mynderse [4] presented resultsfrom student surveys showing growth of EM components following modifications in a Capstonedesign course, which inspired the use of surveys as well as showing the utility of infusing EMLinto a capstone course. Desing [5] suggested best practices for EML incorporation in first-yearengineering, which was used as a basis for planning the approach to including EML in thecapstone sequence.Course SequenceAerospace Engineering 4510-11 is a required two-semester experimental projects capstonecourse sequence with roughly 75-90 fourth-year students in teams of four to six members. Thiscapstone sequence involves team research projects that

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glen Roderic Coates, Pennsylvania State University; Alyson G. Eggleston, Pennsylvania State University; Robert J. Rabb P.E., Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

1. Assignment, Topic Focus, and EC Application Assignment Topic EC Skill [20] Assignment 1 Safe Driving – Assessment of Reaction Executive Summaries; Time & Braking Distance to Improve Organizing Ideas and Driver Safety. Explaining Data; Making Recommendations Assignment 2 Wiser Use of Money – Personal Finance, Technical brief; Explaining Regarding Investment and Debt; Planning Data; Making for a Comfortable Financial Future. Recommendations and

Conference Session

AERO 2: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shantanu Gupta, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Jiansen Wang, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

theseairports. This research aims to find whether taxi time at airports differ by airport hubclassifications and by the number of hot spots on airports.For this study, a sample of 33 airports was selected from the 77 airports listed in the AviationSystem Performance Metrics (ASPM) [5] data published by the FAA. The researchers sampledthe 11 busiest airports (by number of operations conducted) from each of the three hubcategories – Large (L), Medium (M), and Small (S) – as identified by the National Plan ofIntegrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) [6]. The 20 busiest days (by number of operationsconducted) from May 01, 2022, to September 30, 2022 were selected for each airport. From theASPM dataset, average quarter-hour taxi-in and taxi-out times between 06

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dustin Scott Birch, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

system. Follow-on materialstesting will be conducted for both additional nozzle sections and planar impingement specimensfabricated using various composite fabrication techniques. Future work will again employ several recentgraduates and undergraduate research assistants to plan and implement the experimental upgrades.2.0 PROJECT EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:Many of the students at Weber State University (WSU) have full or part-time jobs off campus to helpsupport themselves during their educational efforts. The majority of these jobs have little or noassociation with their field of study, and are simply a means to generate revenue during the students’university tenure. Employment opportunities for the students within The College of Engineering,Applied

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mollie Johnson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Rea Lavi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Olivier Ladislas de Weck, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Prabhat Hajela, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Luca Carlone, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Siyi Hu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Marcus Abate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Zeyad Awwad, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Yun Chang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

. Devising a strategy to create fulfilling and informa-tionally identical labs for both groups proved to be a challenge that required meticulous planning,which is outlined in the following subsections.During early course design for the learning-based labs, the information that would be presentedto students was planned in advance in a master document. This master document was the sourcematerial for the informational content presented in the VR simulations and given to the non-VRstudents as a PowerPoint; see Figure 2. With this approach, students are exposed to the sameconcepts, but the concepts are delivered through different mediums. The learning-based labs Aand C provide context to the experience-based labs and therefore precede them.Modules B and

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael C. Hatfield, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; Denise Thorsen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

outliningsignificant efforts being undertaken to bolster the program; (4) Resources detailing current personneland laboratory assets; (5) Development Efforts discussing how we are leveraging synergies with otherUAF programs, activities, and collaborations to enhance all of these; and (6) Future Efforts chartsanticipated additions UAF plans for their academic programs and outreach efforts in the near future.BackgroundAerospace Program Motivation. As mentioned earlier, the strong and consistent student demand foraerospace education opportunities, particularly over the last decade, eventually led UAF to initiate anew Aerospace Engineering bachelor’s degree program (beginning fall semester 2023). Though in itsinfancy, this program has already been well received

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Erik Nelson, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Christine Nicole Nelson; Mason Henry, Iowa State University of Science and Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

, and diversity in the differentdisciplines allows the projects to be more successful in achieving their goals.Pedagogical ApproachMake to Innovate began with no real framework, and initially, the program was run as one largeindependent study course. This led to several issues, with the largest concern being that studentswere not learning anything with the program. Assessment in the program’s early days was alsonot well-defined, resulting in the program’s reputation for being an “easy A” course. It was clearthat a better framework and assessment plan was needed for the program to be successful.To achieve our objectives, Make to Innovate employed an innovative and dynamic approach toteaching. We implemented a Project-Based Learning (PBL

Conference Session

AERO 5: Student Success

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy L. Yother, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Mary E. Johnson, Ph.D., Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

and installation. energy storage. The student shall be able to The student shall be able to The student shall be to identify and distinguish electric use standards to develop develop plans and propulsion hazards and mitigation plans and procedures for procedures for hazard methods. hazard mitigation for at mitigation that includes fire least one known hazard of detection, lightning, and electric propulsion. high-energy rotors In this paper, the authors developed course outcomes from ASTM F3239-22 andconnected them to ABET student

Conference Session

AERO 2: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vicleese Sloan, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Engineering and Aviation Science, Aviation Management Senior Student; Fasil Tesfaye Amado, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Cameron Smith; Bryan Stivell Campbell, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Willie L. Brown Jr., University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Lanju Mei, University of Maryland Eastern Shore

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

of suitability based on thespecifications and criteria of flight test data parameters [5] [6]. To close the loop of the study, adynamic response design is required to collect input and output spectral analysis data, which isthen defined by performance [5] [7]. The study also proposed an implementation design anddeployment plan for UAS flight characteristics.Implementation Design and Deployment of the UAS Flight CharacteristicsThis gap analysis review highlights the need to develop applications using mathematicalmodeling to support advanced configuration for the characterization, identification, and analysisof rotorcraft flight maneuvers, including simulated and flight data [6] [7]. To address this need,an integrative framework is proposed to

Conference Session

AERO 4: New Technologies and Strategic Applications

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

, auxetic systems, and additive manufacturing.Dr. Michael Preuss, Exquiri Consulting, LLC Michael Preuss, EdD, is the Co-founder and Lead Consultant for Exquiri Consulting, LLC. His primary focus is providing assistance to grant project teams in planning and development, through external eval- uation, and as publication support. Most of his work is on STEM education and advancement projects and completed for Minority-Serving Institutions. He also conducts research regarding higher education focused on the needs and interests of underserved populations and advancing understanding of Minority- Serving Institutions.Ovais KhanYi Ren ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Design

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

develop a research topic,performed literature review, gathered pertinent information, defined requirements, bench markedexisting designs, selected off-the-shelf components, planned missions, created models, performedengineering analyses, wrote a paper, and presented her work at a local symposium. In a shortamount of time, she learned new knowledge including the use of engineering software andperformed valuable analyses. She worked on developing a conceptual design of a lunar rover. Theobjective of the rover is to collect rock samples from remote locations and bring them back to thebase station. The rover is equipped with various sensors to collect data on temperature, radiationlevels, soil composition, and moisture. She worked on various aspects

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy L. Yother, Purdue University ; Seongjun Ha, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

runaway, high heat generation, oreven open flames. There are four mitigation strategies related to the storage of lithium batteries:1) physical containment, 2) control of the state of charge as part of the storage plan, 3) the use ofdetection equipment, and 4) storage temperature such as cold storage [15]. SAE J3235 alsoincludes different types of fire suppression and monitoring and detection technologies. TheAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) AIAA G-136-2022 is a guide tolithium battery safety for space applications, however, the author was not able to access the fulltext.Table 1. Examples of Maintenance and Operation Specific Directives from Standards Standard Directive ASTM F2840

Conference Session

AERO 2: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zachary Stein, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University; Bonnie Swan, University of Central Florida (Program Evaluation and Educational Research); Seetha Raghavan, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

Tasks Broader Impact Pre-Trip Student Interviews; Literature survey; Team Student recruitment; Logistics; Mentoring, preparation Fall/Spring introduction; Design of sample geometries and Orientation; Pre-trip survey, outreach fixtures; simulation inputs; Experimental plan activity with high schoolers I) Strain evolution in high temperature coatings Students will be mentored by International

Conference Session

AERO 3: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Merrett, Clarkson University; J. W. Adams, Clarkson University; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Michigan; Jessica Swenson, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectivesThese outcomes are achieved through a sequence of deliverables displayed in Table 1 with theircorresponding weights toward the final grade. The order of the deliverables in the table reflectsthe order of submission throughout the semester. Most deliverables are completed by the group asa whole; however, the six digital logbooks and the final exam are completed individually. Thedigital logbooks do not carry a weight toward the final grade, instead they are to encourage theprofessional practice of engineers documenting their work.The instructor also reads the logbooks to assess where students may be struggling or to determineif the distribution

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jiansen Wang, Purdue University; Shantanu Gupta, Purdue University; Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

/ASPM_Taxi_Times__Definitions_of_Variables.html [Accessed Oct. 19, 2023][9] Federal Aviation Administration. “Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X (ASDE- X),” Federal Aviation Administration, Sept. 7, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/asde-x [Accessed Oct. 19, 2023][10] Federal Aviation Administration. “National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) – Current,” Federal Aviation Administration, Sept. 30, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/npias/current [Accessed Oct. 19, 2023][11] Federal Aviation Administration. “Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM),” Federal Aviation Administration, Sept. 30, 2022, [Online Dataset]. Available: https://aspm.faa.gov/apm/sys/main.asp

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taylor Tucker Parks, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Timothy Bretl; Alexander Pagano, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

future work, we plan to usedeterministic methods of partner assignment subject to this constraint, perhaps in combinationwith existing team formation software such as CATME.LimitationsOther factors, such as students’ outside relationships with their classmates, use of office hours,and outside resources may have influenced the spread of information through the class.Furthermore, we do not know how the outcome of limited student mixing would compare tomaximizing their connections with other students. For example, if the same two students workedtogether for all four design projects, would their selection remain the same throughout? Futurework should investigate these factors to better determine the impact of team formation.ConclusionSequential team

Conference Session

AERO 1: Rocketry and Space Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Juhyun Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Timothy Plomin, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Heather Ruth Arnett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Luisa-Maria Rosu, I-STEM, (Illinois Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) Education Initiative; Joshua Rovey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

, assumptions in their model, and how realrockets and rocket scientists might address these issues.Early plans for this activity shifted too much responsibility onto students and teachers to learnnew material. The first iteration had little scaffolding and only a short video that presented theactivity. There were plans to have options for both python and spreadsheet plotting, but at highschool PD events teachers explained that they, as well as the students, need more practice andexperience in both software. Even with limited experience in spreadsheet software, teachersexpressed excitement during the demonstration of the plotting in Google Sheets activity. Sincereceiving this feedback, the course was adjusted to include extra tutorial videos for the

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Drake, Saint Louis University; Srikanth Gururajan, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

mistakes allows students to learn and grow, even if it causes total failure.I can accept that this 8-month project is in pieces, and I am more grateful for everything I havelearned because of it. Experiencing the entire design process as an undergrad will enable me tomake more educated decisions when I enter the workforce. I plan to present the learningexperiences between my Level 1 LOC-IV kit and Project RADARS rocket at the conference thissummer.References:[1] “Spaceport America-The World’s First Purpose-Built Commercial Spaceport,” Spaceport America Cup. https://spaceportamericacup.com/[2] “NASA Student Launch Challenge - NASA.” https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/nasa- student-launch/[3] “LOC-IV 4",” LOC Precision

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 6: Challenges and Coping Strategies of Engineering Graduate Students

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Aldridge, The Ohio State University; Nicole M. Else-Quest, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Joseph Roy, American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); So Yoon Yoon, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO), Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Nguyen; Joshua Rovey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Heather Ruth Arnett, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

teaching andassessment strategies with authentic research (Sletten, 2021). These studies also unveil anincreased positive attitude toward online assessment methods, highlighting the necessity forpurposeful planning and training to address challenges associated with new tools andscheduling conflicts (Cirit, 2015).In summary, these collective studies emphasize the diverse and evolving landscape ofassessment strategies in education, with a focus on promoting meaningful learningexperiences and adapting to the changing demands of the educational environment.Cumulative AssessmentsCumulative assessments, employed across diverse educational settings, evaluate students' overallunderstanding and retention of knowledge and skills acquired over time. This

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Habig, Purdue University ; Caroline K. Marete, Purdue University ; Debra Henneberry, Purdue University ; Cheng Wang, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

building, and career decision- making self-efficacy: a case study of collegiate women in aviation.” Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 29 (3). 2023.[4] IATA, “Advancing Diversity, Equity & Inclusion with 25by2025.” 2023.[5] Women in Aviation Advisory Board, “Breaking Barriers for Women in Aviation: Flight Plan for the Future.” In Federal Aviation Administration. Https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/rulemaking/committees/documents/index.cfm/ committee/browse/committeeid/817. 2022.[6] R. Lutte, Women in Aviation: A Workforce Report 2021 Edition. Https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357032586_Women_in_Aviation_A_Workforc e_Report_2021_Edition. 2021.[7] C. K. Marete and C

Conference Session

Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terry Bristol, Institute for Science, Engineering and Public Policy, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

cumulative engineering process. In Plato’sdialogue, Timaeus, Timaeus is asked to provide an account of how the world came to be as it is.Timaeus argues that the emergence of the universe has followed the non-deterministic plan of theArcheteckton (Master Builder) or Demiurge (Public Worker). These expressions both suggest aMaster Craftsman, a Master Engineer. Timaeus demurs on the specific path taken, claiming thathe can only give a probable account. Clearly, there is freedom in the evolutionary path, but, headds, emphatically, that one thing is for certain, that the emergence of the universe always movesto the Good, moves from each current state to a more desirable future state. Plato’s philosophy was inspired by Pythagoras who gave

Conference Session

AERO 1: Rocketry and Space Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Ennis, University of Michigan; Elizabeth Ann Strehl, University of Michigan; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Michigan; Corin L. Bowen, California State University, Los Angeles; Oliver Jia-Richards, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

?id=qmSySHvIy5IC[28] N. C. M. Hartsock, “The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism,” in Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, S. Harding and M. B. Hintikka, Eds., Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1983, pp. 283–310. doi: 10.1007/0-306-48017-4_15.Appendix A - Macroethics lesson plan Learning Objectives: Students will be able to gain confidence and tools to discuss macroethics in aerospace engineering a. Understand that there are a variety of answers b. Understand that positionality and power influence how

Conference Session

AERO 1: Rocketry and Space Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Irving Buchwald, Clarkson University; Michael C.F. Bazzocchi, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

) that is an API used tocontrol radio equipment via a computer interface [47]. These software are controlled by theSatNOGS network through a terminal-based boot on the Raspberry Pi. There are other softwareincorporated into the network to demodulate some of the different types of data collected byground stations. The software can also be used to demodulate data on the student end. TheSatNOGS OS allows it to be remotely accessed, using the Raspberry Pi’s IP address, to manuallyset observations.4.4 Laboratory ActivitiesThe laboratory activities were designed to fulfill all the learning objectives previouslymentioned. There are five planned laboratory activities with each activity building upon the nextand becoming more open-ended. Specifically