Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Welker, Villanova University; Lance Kenney, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, we will add several questions about study abroad to our Civil Engineering seniorsurvey starting in the spring of 2007. These questions will ask about the students’ perceptions ofstudy abroad and probe why those that did not participate did not pursue overseas study: 1. Were you made aware of study abroad opportunities? 2. Did you study abroad during your time at Villanova? a. Would you describe the experience as positive? Explain. b. What type of program did you participate in (summer, semester)? 3. If you did not study abroad, indicate why you did not (for example, you may not have had an interest, your GPA may have been too low to qualify, etc.).The academic indicators have been studied and these

Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Ledlie Klosky; Stephen Ressler, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

fourth student dropped the course six weeks into the semester after having made no progress at all toward course completion. He reported that the challenges of attending his host-institution classes taught entirely in Chinese were overwhelming, and he was unable to devote any significant time to CE300. Of the three successful students, one earned an A+, one earned an A, and one earned a B, according to objective, criterion-referenced grading of all their course submissions, including the final exam, using the same evaluation standards as were used in the standard version of the course.• The three greatest challenges encountered in this experiment were connectivity, connectivity, and connectivity. None of the three

Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carsten Ahrens, F.H. OOW

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Why then are innovative changes necessary in the civil engineering education?What especially is the European answer?2. Definition of a Civil EngineerTo answer the above question it is necessary to know who is or what it means to be a civilengineer. One of the many ways to define a civil engineer is as follows:A civil engineer is an academically educated and practice-oriented professional who has anduses scientific, technical and other pertinent knowledge and skills to create, enhance, operateand maintain safe and efficient buildings, processes or devices of practical and economicvalue, for industry and the community.3. The Professional Formation Framework of Civil Engineers in EuropeThe definition given is part of the declaration of the

Conference Session

Preparing Civil Engineering Students for a Flat World

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Hamilton, U.S. Military Academy; Fred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-2270: INSPIRING STUDENTS — THE KEY TO LEARNING FOR THEFUTUREScott Hamilton, U.S. Military AcademyFred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy Page 12.903.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Inspiring Students—The Key To Learning For The FutureAbstractThis paper considers the implications of preparing engineering students to enter, live, and besuccessful in a “Flat World.” Clearly the exact needs of the future are not known for certain, butwe do know that civil engineers of the future will need to be flexible, adaptive, life long learners.All academic institutions and all disciplines aim at preparing students for the future, at ourinstitution the mission

Conference Session

Who Should Teach the BOK

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randel Dymond, Virginia Tech; Howell Simmons, Paciulli, Simmons & Associates; Derrick Cave, Kimley-Horn Assoc.; Robert Jansen, KB Home

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

further developed by ASCE Committees. In its own way, all three of these themesare being developed by the LDDI with regards to the land development area of civil engineering.The BOK Committee has developed 15 outcomes to define the “what” dimension of the civilengineering BOK (see Appendix A). Eleven of these are taken directly from the AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and four other outcomes were developed by thecommittee. In a similar vein, the LDDI group collectively established a list of desired knowledgefor civil engineering graduates that would like to enter the land development field (Appendix B).These topics were generalized into seven categories (Planning, Design, Surveying, Environmentalrequirements, Construction

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman Dennis, University of Arkansas; Kevin Hall, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

four design teamsin order to create independent concept designs for a crossing that would support three potentialloadings; pedestrian only, ATV traffic, and the construction tractor. An estimated cost and rough Page 12.323.6 a bFigure 2. a. Four wheel ATV emergency vehicle (1670 lb.) b. Small construction tractor withbox blade and front end loader (5700 lb).bill of materials was created for each concept design. Two weeks after the initial visit eachdesign team had prepared a formal presentation to brief the members of the ONSC staff andboard of

Conference Session

Direct Measures of Student Performance

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Carpenter, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

can be used to ensure that students can function at the Application level ofcognitive development. The Proficiency Exam Protocol can also be an effective meansof ABET related assessment.Biographical Information 1 http://helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/statistics/tress4a.html 2 Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, B. S. Bloom, ed., David McKay Company, New York (1956). 3 Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Program, ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission, ABET Inc., 111 Market Place, Suite 1050, Baltimore, MD 21202 (2006). 4 Stephen J. Ressler, New Civil Engineering Program Criteria, Directions, A Newsletter of the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Committee on Curricula & Accreditation, p. 6-10 (Fall

Conference Session

Direct Measures of Student Performance

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy; Stephen Bert, U. S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Document OutlineI. Course Administration A. Catalogue Description B. Course Objectives C. Textbook InformationII. Course Content A. Current Outline of Lessons and Labs B. Proposed Changes to Lessons and Labs C. Graded RequirementsIII. Course Assessment A. Course Director Assessment of Course Objectives B. Program Outcomes Directly Supported by the Course C. Assessment of Embedded Indicators D. Assessment of Changes Made this Semester E. Assessment of Resources and Impacts F. Historical Course Qualitative Point Average Graph G. Historical Final Exam Grades Graph H. Course Time Study Graph I. Course-end Student FeedbackIV. Program Director’s Current Areas of InterestSections I

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake Tullis, Utah State University; Steven Barfuss, Utah Stat University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

spillway (See Figure 3.).Student feedback consistently indicates that, in addition to emphasizing the conceptstaught in class, the dam field trip is continually a highlight of the course. During eachfield trip, the students are able to talk to the owners, operators and/or engineers in chargeof the structure and by so doing gain a better understanding of day-to-day operationissues. These interactions help students realize that in addition to the appropriate designand construction skills, successful operation of hydraulic structures also requires otherimportant skills such as planning, management, communication and budget control.Figure 3. Dam field trip (A: service spillway intake and B: discharging fixed-conevalve).In addition to the field trips

Conference Session

Training Faculty to Teach CE

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wilfrid Nixon, University of Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-1894: A SURVEY OF FACULTY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN CIVILENGINEERINGWilfrid Nixon, University of Iowa Wilfrid Nixon is a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa and a research engineer at IIHR - Hydroscience and Engineering. Dr. Nixon, a Professional Engineer in the State of Iowa, received a B. A. in Engineering from Cambridge University, England in 1981, and a Ph. D. in Engineering from Cambridge University in 1985. Page 12.138.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Survey of Faculty Development Activities in Civil EngineeringAbstractRecent

Conference Session

Who Should Teach the BOK

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

to handle engineering-type data more proficiently.iv) Reshuffling design topics in prerequisites - In the process of designing various structuralmembers for buildings, the teaching staff have noted two discrepancies in design prerequisites: a)the subjects need to be realigned i.e., to have the topics properly sequenced; and, b) the need tointroduce the students to local/regional design practices, making use of local codes. A strongargument has emerged with regard to the timing of the capstone experience. Many have arguedthat capstone courses occur much too late in an engineering student education.v) The infusion of design concepts in a first-year introductory course - A first year engineeringcourse titled “Introduction to Engineering

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Hanus, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Jeffrey Russell

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Page 12.929.8Workshop 1: From the Egg to the TeamThe first full TDLC workshop is scheduled shortly after the Egg Drop Exercise and begins with amovie clip that highlights a successful team in a challenging situation. Remember the Titans iscurrently used in this workshop because it brings together all the TDLC skills. An informaldiscussion follows that focuses on successful teams, and more importantly why they weresuccessful. Following this informal discussion the teams conduct an assessment of their EggDrop Exercise, see Appendix B. The assessment process includes individual reflection andgroup discussion on the team’s success and areas of improvement in terms of teamwork, designprocess, and communications. Given the necessity for group

Conference Session

Direct Measures of Student Performance

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Civil Engineers (ASCE) advocates the adoption ofthe Body of Knowledge (BOK) by civil engineering programs, which includes additional “soft”outcomes on public policy and leadership. Specifically, the Civil Engineering Department atLawrence Technological University offers a program in which our graduates have: (a) an ability to apply knowledge and principles of mathematics, science, and engineering in the solution of civil engineering problems (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze data and interpret Page 12.1532.2 results (c) an ability to design a civil engineering system

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Ledlie Klosky; Decker Hains; Timothy Johnson, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, USMA; Jakob Bruhl, US Military Academy, Dept of Civil & Mechanical Engineering; Jared B. Erickson, U.S. Military Academy; John Richards, D/CME, USMA

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-2017: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ENGINEERINGMECHANICS AND DESIGNJames Klosky, U.S. Military AcademyDecker Hains, U.S. Military AcademyTimothy Johnson, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, USMAJakob Bruhl, US Military Academy, Dept of Civil & Mechanical EngineeringJared B. Erickson, U.S. Military AcademyJohn Richards, D/CME, USMA Page 12.217.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 An Integrated Approach for Engineering Mechanics and DesignAbstractAs part of a major curriculum update undertaken over the last three years, the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point has implemented a new course sequence in statics

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock Barry, Purdue University; Sybil Sharvelle, Purdue University; M Katherine Banks, Purdue University; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; William Oakes, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-614: ACHIEVING GRADUATE COMPETENCIES THROUGH ANAUTHENTIC DESIGN EXPERIENCE IN A WASTEWATER TREATMENTCOURSEBrock Barry, Purdue University Doctoral Student, Department of Engineering EducationSybil Sharvelle, Purdue University Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Civil EngineeringM Katherine Banks, Purdue University Professor and Head, School of Civil EngineeringSean Brophy, Purdue University Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering EducationWilliam Oakes, Purdue University Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Education Page 12.165.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Achieving

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shane Palmquist, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-990: ACTIVE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN STRUCTURALANALYSIS: FIELD INSPECTION OF A STEEL TRUSS BRIDGEShane Palmquist, Western Kentucky University Page 12.174.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Active Project-Based Learning in Structural Analysis: Field Inspection of a Steel Truss BridgeAbstractThe undergraduate civil engineering program at our University offers a project-basedcurriculum. Students have opportunities to engage in projects that develop their understandingof civil engineering practice. Projects are chosen in support of active student engagement, wherethe role of students is as learners, observers, assistants and

Conference Session

CE Poster Session in Exhibit Hall

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norma Mattei, University of New Orleans; Vijaya Gopu, Tulane University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-2659: A TALE OF TWO CEE DEPARTMENTS: CIVIL ENGINEERINGEDUCATION IN NEW ORLEANS POST-KATRINANorma Mattei, University of New Orleans Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringVijaya Gopu, Tulane University Professor and Chair, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Page 12.143.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Tale of Two CEE Departments: Civil Engineering Education in New Orleans Post-KatrinaIntroductionNew Orleans is one of the oldest cities in the United States. It was established in 1718 by theFrench near the mouth of the Mississippi River. The

Conference Session

Training Faculty to Teach CE

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Decker Hains, U.S. Military Academy; Mark Evans, U.S. Military Academy; Stephen Ressler, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

of material for a given purpose.In addition to setting the final level of achievement, the committee also addressed the level ofeducation at which each outcome should be achieved. Table 3 lists the current BOK profilewhich shows both the final level of achievement and the level of education where each levelshould be achieved. The “B” represents the portion of the BOK fulfilled through theBachelor’s degree. The “M/30” represents the portion of the BOK fulfilled through theMaster’s degree or equivalent and the “E” represents the portion of the BOK fulfilled throughpre-licensure experience. Page

Conference Session

Aspirational Visions of Civil Engineering in 2025 & Policy 465

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Evans, Bucknell University; Daniel Lynch, Dartmouth College; David Lange, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Criterion 3(a-k) outcomes4 and four additional outcomesspecific to civil engineering.4 Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), Engineering Page 12.1461.6Accreditation Commission, Engineering Criteria 2000, Third Edition, BaltimoreMaryland.Table 2 shows the BOK rubric and the six levels of Bloom’s cognitive achievement.5The levels of achievement expected to be accomplished prior to licensure are shown. Forinstance, under “Knowledge”, (B) is indicated. This means that the level of achievementshould be achieved during the baccalaureate program of study. A symbol of (M/30) isindicated and should be achieved during either the master’s degree

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akhter Hossain, University of South Alabama; Kevin White, University of South Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

build the10 ft. x 10 ft. x 12 ft. chamber. The framework of the chamber was constructed with treatedlumber frames as shown in Fig. 1(a). The chamber was carefully wired for the operation of thelighting, temperature control, humidity control, and auxiliary outlets. After the wiring wascompleted, the chamber was fully insulated as shown in Fig. 1(b). The exterior of the chamberwas finished with fiber cement siding. To finalize the chamber, a 6000 BTU room air conditionerwith digital control was installed in one of the walls to control the temperature within thechamber. In addition, a humidifier and a dehumidifier were installed inside the chamber tocontrol the humidity within the chamber. The completed environmental chamber cost around$1500

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristopher Lengieza, Weitz Golf International; Jennifer Caffrey, Pennoni Associates Inc.; Gerard Lennon, Lehigh University; John Ochs, Lehigh University; Joe Sterrett, Lehigh University; Vincent Munley, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Copies of the three project reports are availablefrom the authors1,2,3.B. Learning ObjectivesUpon completion of this course the student should be able to: 1. Work effectively as a member of an interdisciplinary project design team, bringing unique skills perspectives and background not shared by all team members, and using information provided outside the student’s own background to complete the design. 2. Carry out a sports facility design including the evaluation of considerations such as economics, ethics, societal, environmental impacts, and constructability. 3. Write a project report that is of a quality commonly found to be acceptable in the engineering profession. 4. Orally present the results of an

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vincent Drnevich, Purdue University; John Norris, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-939: ASSIGNING CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS TO CAPSTONECOURSE TEAMSVincent Drnevich, Purdue University Vincent P. Drnevich, P.E. is a professor of civil engineering at Purdue University since 1991. He was Head of the School of Civil Engineering from 1991 to 2000. Prior to that, he was on the faculty at the University of Kentucky. He served as Chair of the Civil Engineering Division of ASEE. He is Fellow and Life Member in the American Society of Civil Engineers, a Fellow of ASTM International, and active in the National Society of Professional Engineers.John Norris, Purdue University John B. Norris is a Doctoral Candidate at Purdue University's Krannert Graduate School of

Conference Session

Direct Measures of Student Performance

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bronzini, George Mason University; John Matusik, The Engineering Groupe

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

and the design specifications for each team change with each offering of thecourse. Portions of the specific instructions to the students for Spring 2006 are given below.Part I. Teams will design the site layout according to the assigned land use scenario (see below),subject to acceptance by the client. Upon acceptance by the client (i.e., notice to proceed), theteams will then perform the engineering tasks for final layout and design of: (a) water supply anddistribution system; (b) wastewater collection system; (c) stormwater management and stormdrainage system; (d) the transportation system; (e) erosion and sediment control; and (f)structural design for an assigned project component. One industry mentor will be available on alimited basis

Conference Session

Implementing the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge into Courses and Curricula

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Hoadley, Professor @ VMI

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

., “Shaping Beliefs and Attitudes: A Handbook of Attitude Change Strategies,”http://www.principalspartnership.com/AttitudeHandbookforUPWebs.htm , 2001.6 Elms, D. G., "Steps Beyond Technique – Education for Professional Attitude,” Civ.Eng.Syst., 2(1), 55-59, 1985.7 Stouffer, W. B., Russell, J. S., and Oliva, M. G., "Making the strange familiar: Creativity and the future ofengineering education," Proceedings of the ASEE 2004 Annual Conference, American Society for Engineering,Washington, DC 20036, United States, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 9315-9327.8 Khan, H., "Correlates of engineering and management effectiveness: design of a strategic university curriculum forcorporate engineering executive development (SUCCEED) program." Proceedings of

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heiko Merle, Darmstadt University of Technology; Joerg Lange, Darmstadt University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

). Page 12.239.5If many modules form the basis for a single module and furthermore this single module is theonly basis for additional modules, this single module is called a bottleneck module. It shouldbe analyzed whether it is possible to divide the bottleneck module into several modules.Analyzing single modules particularly, each module may contain the three levels again: - Basics (B) - Basic technical knowledge (BK) - Scientific work and research (SR)The basic technical knowledge (BK) is the content which is needed to acquire the totalknowledge of the lecture. In addition we have “scientific work and research (SR)”. SR is notstrongly connected to the basic knowledge. Further information in addition to the BK will

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Subhi Bazlamit, Ohio Northern University; Farhad Reza, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Engineering Education: One Myth, Two Scenarios and Three Foci”, Journal of Engineering Education, pp 107-116. 6. Smith, K. A., Sheppard, S.D. Johnson, D. W., and Johnson R. T., January 2005, “Pedagogies of Engagement: Classroom Based Practices”, pp 88-101. 7. Mikic, B, and Grasso D., July 2002, “ Socially-Relevant Design: The TOYtech Project at Smith College” pp. 319-326. 8. Bazlamit, S. M., and Reza, F., 2005, “Changes in Asphalt Pavement Friction Components and Adjustment of Skid Number for Temperature,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 6, pp. 470-476. 9. Reza, F., Boriboonsomsin, K., and Bazlamit, S.M., 2006, “Development of a Pavement Quality Index for the State of Ohio,” 85th

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricardo Jacquez, New Mexico State University; Veera Gnaneswar Gude, New Mexico State University; Adrian Hanson, New Mexico State University; Michele Auzenne, New Mexico State University; Sarah Williamson, New Mexico State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Improvement Improved A -B C-D A-B C-D From B to A Their Grade Fall 2005 66 % 0 % 24 % 10 % 6 19 % Spring 2006 59 % 0 % 12 % 29 % 3 17 % Fall 2006 30 % 3 % 33 % 33 % 5 14 %Students improved grades by participating in the SI sessions. It should be noted that thegrade improvement from B to A is observed to be common and the percentage of gradeimprovement is acceptable which does not skew the overall grade of the class. Studentswho achieve a

Conference Session

Aspirational Visions of Civil Engineering in 2025 & Policy 465

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, The University of Texas-Tyler; Michael Robinson, Rose-Hulman Institute; Charles Glagola, University of Florida; James Nelson, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

technology is expected to occur in the 21st century. In imparting the common technical core, students should understand the fundamentals of several recognized major civil engineering areas. (Note: The portion of this commentary which states “students should understand the fundamentals of several recognized major civil engineering areas” differs from ABET Program Criteria for Civil and Similarly Named Engineering Programs7 which calls for “proficiency in a minimum of four recognized major civil engineering areas.”)2. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as analyze and interpret data. (ABET b) Commentary: Civil engineers frequently design and conduct field and laboratory studies, gather data, create numerical and

Conference Session

Aspirational Visions of Civil Engineering in 2025 & Policy 465

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart Walesh, S. G. Walesh Consulting; Michael Chajes, University of Delaware; David Mongan, Whitney, Bailey, Cox & Magnani

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

which wasdetermined to be a series of facilitated roundtables on various topics. The Summit would beginwith an overall vision of the future provided by a noted futurist. Each roundtable would bepreceded by an invited presentation on a specific topic and a concluding Summit activity wouldfocus on crafting a series of visions.Stephen Bechtel, Jr. and Patricia Galloway were invited to serve as honorary co-chairs of theSummit. Parallel to the Task Committee’s activities, the ASCE Foundation began an effort toraise the necessary funds to conduct the Summit. Supporters of the Summit on the Future ofCivil Engineering, without whom this gathering would not have been possible, were: Stephen D.Bechtel, Jr.; AECOM; ASCE Foundation; B & E Jackson &

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guoqing Zhou, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

usuallyfollows the rules below: (a) Determine early the student characteristics, such as age, motivation, background, and knowledge. This information becomes critical because the students in our GIS course range from recent high school graduates to licensed land surveyors; (b) Specify desired learning outcomes; (c) Identify relevant subject content and assessment activity; (d) Determine appropriate teaching/learning strategies; (e) Revise and re-validate the course design throughout by periodic monitoring the outcomes from examinations and assignments. Page 12.1353.4 2. Lecture: Although the TTN system enables