, Kv: 0.0167 gpm/% speed = 3.85 in3/min/%speedUsing this data, equation (4) yields: h( s ) K e 0.083s 0.0684 e 0.083s GPL , A ( s) v (5) Vv ( s) A s sThus, Equation (5) gives the transfer function between the water level (in %) and the pumppower (in %). It can be used to tune the level PI controller according to any chosen tuningmethodology.5b. Temperature ModelThe model describing the effect of power to the heating element on the water temperature isderived by combining material and energy balances. Also, the following assumptions are beingmade: a. Water density and