having information come to them through memory, imagination, theory, andhunches (intuitive); students who prefer receiving information through physical demonstration,figures, and pictures (visual) or through words and mathematical expressions (verbal); studentswho process information actively through hands-on experiences (active) and those who reflect oninformation (reflective); and students who learn in step-by-step logical progression (sequential)and those who get the message all at once without seeing the connections (global). Estes et al.2revealed that traditional lecture-style engineering courses tend to teach toward the intuitive,verbal, reflective, and sequential learner. In contrast, recent work by Felder and Spurlin3 suggeststhat many
Low level are deemed “Unacceptable.” The competencieslisted in each outcome level varied slightly for each course and varied as the semester progressed(as will be noted in the “Reflection” section of this paper). The competencies used at the end ofthe Fall 2013 semester for the 4000-level Hydrology course are listed in Table 1. A similar listof competencies was used in the 3000-level Fluid Mechanics course, with adjustments to fit theinstructors’ preferences. These adjustments were relatively minor; for example, in the 4000- Page 24.205.3level courses, two or more comma errors are considered a Low level error, while for the 3000-level courses
Accreditation Board forEngineering and Technology (ABET) professional skills7, 8. Page 24.974.3Review of LiteratureWhat is PBL? Jonassen6, in his handbook on designing problem-solving learning environments, definesPBL as an instructional strategy characterized by: focusing on authentic, ill-structured problems;being student centered; allowing for self-directed learning by the students; and requiring regularself-reflection, where students monitor and adjust their learning. PBL has its foundations insituated learning, which is known for active learning, social mediation, meaningful learning,purposeful participation in communities of practice, and
many random, turbulent eddies. These random fluctuations willdisperse the pollutant away from the plume centerline, resulting in a normal or Gaussiandistribution of concentrations in both the vertical (z) and crosswind (y) directions. Assuming aconstant wind in the x direction, a non-reacting pollutant, and total reflection from the ground,the concentration of pollutants downwind at any point x, y, and z can be predicted with thefollowing equation:4 Q y2 z H 2 z H 2 C exp exp exp 2u y z 2 2 2 z2 2 z2