ways that make their success more likely [4].In engineering, there are different ways in which self-efficacy is measured. Three categories ofself-efficacy measures used are: 1) general academic self-efficacy, 2) domain-general self-efficacy, and 3) self-efficacy measures for specific engineering tasks or skills [5]. Generalacademic self-efficacy scales broadly assess engineering students’ beliefs in their capabilities toperform academically or perception of their competence to do the work [5]. The second, adaptedfrom general academic self-efficacy, domain-general self-efficacy asks students to rate theirgeneral confidence within a particular subject area of engineering [5]. Third, task- or skill-specific self-efficacy asks students to evaluate
’ increased proficiency. Moreover, 90% of the students developed models either fromscratch or by ensembling multiple models. This involves significant coding in Python (Figure 2A).Increase in student self-efficacy. We report the change in student self-efficacy measured usingthree related variables: (1) student confidence on speaking up about a technical area like AI, (2)student self-assurance and positive outlook for success in an AI career, and (3) outlook towards thefield of AI. First, we observe an increase in the students’ ability to understand and communicateAI research. As shown in the post-survey results (see Figure 5A), students’ showed a significantincrease in confidence in speaking up about topics in AI. The students’ ability to handle
students’ self-efficacy and interest in aSTEM field, we analyzed student responses to the following questions/statements (stronglydisagree/disagree/neither agree or disagree/agree/strongly agree): 1. I am able to get a good grade in my science class. 2. I am able to do well in activities that involve technology. 3. I am able to do well in activities that involve engineering. 4. I am able to get a good grade in my mathematics class.These four questions served as an indicator of self-efficacy among the student participants. Eachquestion measures the self-reported self-efficacy in each of the four major fields in the acronymSTEM (each question respectively). We then tabulated the responses to another set of statements: 1. I like
Paper ID #47467A Deep Dive in Preservice Teacher Self-Efficacy Development for TeachingRobotics (RTP)Dr. Jennifer Jill Kidd, Old Dominion University Dr. Jennifer Kidd is a Master Lecturer in the Department of Teaching and Learning at Old Dominion University. Her research interests include preservice teachers, engineering education, and educational technology.Dr. Kristie Gutierrez, Old Dominion University Dr. Gutierrez received her B.S. in Biology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2001, M.Ed. in Secondary Science Education in 2005 from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, and Ph.D. in
allparticipantsInstrument To assess the impact of the course on teachers’ engineering self-efficacy, data wascollected using the Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale (TESS) [15], [16]. TESS is avalidated instrument consisting of 23 items with five subscales: Engineering PedagogicalContent Knowledge Self-efficacy (KS), Engineering Engagement Self-efficacy (ES),Engineering Disciplinary Self-efficacy (DS), and Engineering Outcome Expectancy (OE) [16].The TESS demonstrates high internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's α ranging from0.89 to 0.96 across the four factors [16]. These high-reliability coefficients indicate that theTESS consistently measures teachers' engineering self-efficacy with precision and accuracy. Byutilizing the TESS in this
much they enjoyed thatexperience.During the pre-and post-surveys, teachers were asked to rate their skill level using the following4-point scale: None, Basic, Medium, and High. This question was asked to survey the change inteachers’ perceived coding ability after participating in training where they were introduced to andlearned the programming concepts of the camp and the facilitation of the summer camp, teachingstudents programming through engineering design activities.Teacher Self-EfficacyThe Teacher Efficacy and Attitudes Toward STEM (T-STEM) survey tool was delivered in bothpre- and post-surveys to measure the change in STEM self-efficacy among the participatingteachers [19], [20]. This tool was designed to gather information about a
qualitative data? To quantify the two-year impact of the program, we study (RQ2) whether thepre-college program enhanced students’ confidence and readiness for a college major in computerscience or related engineering disciplines. For a deeper understanding of students’ perceptions andchange in psychosocial behavior, we also study: (RQ3) Which specific aspects of self-efficacy andsocial and emotional learning are most affected among students who participated in the summerprogram? Our measurement instruments are pre-/post-course Likert surveys, thematic analysis ofstudent focus groups, and a codebook-based quantitative analysis of student reflections. We reportthe correlations of our thematic analysis results with the pre- and post-course Likert
engineers do. Related out-of-school-time experience thatinformed the creation of our program have elements of physical prototyping, but no HCDapproach explicitly stated, include programs at New York University [11], North Carolina StateUniversity [10], and Columbia University [12]. Numerous sources that have also shown thepositive effects on self-efficacy, career awareness, and STEM-identity [13] illustrate theimportance of such programs to a generation of students for which STEM careers are on the rise.Following, in this paper, we will share our program curriculum with a step-by-step guide forstudent-led project ideation and team selection to develop “Tech for Good” along withevaluation findings.3. Curriculum and Student activitiesStudents were
,” Turkish J. Educ., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 64–105, 2020.14. F. Tauro, C. Youngsu, F. Rahim, et al., “Integrating mechatronics in project-based learning of Malaysian high school students and teachers,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Educ., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 297–320, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1177/0306419017708636.15. A. R. Carberry, H. S. Lee, M. W. Ohland, “Measuring engineering design self‐efficacy,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 71–79, 2010.16. K. M. Whitcomb, Z. Y. Kalender, T. J. Nokes-Malach, C. D. Schunn, C. Singh, “Comparison of self-efficacy and performance of engineering undergraduate women and men,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 36, no. 6, 1996-2014, 2020.17. M. Helms, S. S. Vattam, A. K. Goel
thatthe M-EDSI is reliable for measuring students’ EDTE.DiscussionWhile previous research explores the topic of engineering teaching efficacy, the present studyoffers a novel perspective by specifically addressing Engineering Design Teaching Efficacy 5(EDTE). This is important because engineering design is a major part of the NGSS [3] and islinked to students’ enhanced learning [20]. The findings show that the intervention did not justsignificantly improve participants’ EDTE but also their EDE. Mastery experiences is a primarysource of self-efficacy development [21]. Therefore, PSTs’ improved EDE could be attributed totheir active engagement in
with their support, participation, and control function across all administrative decisionsregarding personnel, social, and organizational measures at the university. Within the equalityconcept of H-BRS’s EEO, P12-acitivities are offered to female pre-college pupils to give themthe chance to overcome structural, social, and personal barriers.The P12-activities at H-BRS are organized and carried out by staff of the Equal OpportunitiesOffice with the aim of empowering female pupils especially in the fields of engineering andcomputer science and to raise the proportion for female enrollment and retention. Based onBandura's self-efficacy framework [5], the activities are intentionally designed as correctiveexperiences to overcome self-debilitating
numerous psychologicalfactors such as student self-efficacy in academic subjects, sense of belonging to campus andprogram community, social and academic adjustment, and motivation to complete theengineering degree. In this study, we combine mixed methods data to evaluate the impact ofBridge with a sample of 35 engineering students of diverse ethnic backgrounds, in three phases:The first and second phases implement a repeated measures design that assesses student self-efficacy in academic subjects, sense of belonging to campus and program community, and socialand academic adjustment. The first Likert type survey is distributed to students a week before theprogram and the second survey at the program completion. The post-program survey includes
to students and Experiences local community Iteration – opportunity to review, revise, improve lessons based on measurable outcomes Focusing pedagogical shifts/PD within one content area creates relevance but allows for impact across all content areas Affective Success/student engagement begets positive affective state leads to States increased self-efficacy Verbal Support and collaboration from administration persuasion On-going touchpoints, check-ins for continuous learning, reflection, collaborationSummer institutesTeacher participants began the [Anonymous
impact” amongmigratory high school students, we designed and implemented a culturally responsive andgamified engineering design activity. The activity aimed to connect engineering concepts tostudents’ cultural backgrounds and experiences while leveraging game-based learning elements toincrease engagement. We administered pre- and post-surveys to measure changes in students’engineering impact, interest, self-efficacy, and identity (n = 235). We used a multiple linearregression model to examine the relationships. Our results show that migratory students’ engineering interest and self-efficacysignificantly supported the development of their belief that engineering could be a tool for socialimpact. Specifically, as students’ engineering
”). We excluded these because they do not appear to be directly measuring factors thatmight lead to the pursuit of STEM in the future. Another group of papers measured contentlearning that occurred during outreach (such as math skills or geophysics concepts). While thismay influence self-efficacy measures and/or better prepare students should they choose to enterSTEM, it is not directly measuring factors that most authors focus on as proxies for change toeducational and career paths. We have not included tests of content knowledge in thedescriptions of the outreach evaluation.Table 3: Examples of commonly referenced constructs in the papers, and our definitions.Construct DefinitionsAttitude What an individual
for each time point to measure changes overtime. Preliminary quantitative analysis included the use of two-tailed t-tests to compare pre- andpost-survey construct scores. ANOVA was conducted to explore differences among students ofdifferent genders within pre- or post-survey data.ResultsThe t-test results showed that there was a statistically significant increase (p = 0.0002 < 0.01) interms of self-efficacy between pre- and post-survey data, underscoring a marked increase instudents’ self-efficacy in the engineering field after taking the course. Further analysis for eachgender group showed a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy for both male (p = 0.0196< 0.05) and female (p = 0.0067 < 0.01) students, while no change
these questions, the study employs a mixed-methods approach. Pre- and post-eventsurveys measure shifts in students’ STEM interest and self-efficacy, while observational metrics,such as task engagement, peer collaboration, and facilitator interactions, provide qualitativeinsights. Knowledge checks and thematic analysis of feedback from participants, parents, andeducators further enrich the evaluation of the fair’s impact. Preliminary findings highlight howculturally and socially relevant STEM activities can inspire and educate underrepresentedstudents, fostering both technical skill development and sustained interest in engineering fields.By contributing to the broader discourse on diversity and inclusion in STEM education, thispaper underscores
group gender composition on girls’ motivation and engagement. Dr. Robinson is a PI and Co-PI on several NSF sponsored grant projects which focus on teacher professional learning and self-efficacy with implementing culturally relevant engineering education, connecting to place and community, and centering culture and Indigeneity within STEM education. Dr. Robinson has over twenty years of K – 12 teaching experience, including seven years as a teacher leader of professional development in the Next Generation Science Standards, the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics, and in elementary science and engineering pedagogy.Dr. Frank M. Bowman, University of North Dakota Dr. Frank Bowman is Thomas C. Owens Endowed
a more sustainableand equitable approach. As we prepare for the next iteration of the course, including a February run, we haveidentified several opportunities to enhance our research and gather more comprehensive data. Akey area for improvement is the direct assessment of students' self-efficacy beliefs inengineering, which will be addressed through the implementation of pre- and post-coursesurveys. These surveys will measure changes in self-efficacy and provide valuable insights intothe course's effectiveness in building students' confidence in their engineering abilities. Our primary focus will be on introducing and evaluating modifications to the coursestructure and content, accompanied by preliminary observations of their
identities, epistemologies and values. Volume 2 : engineering education and practice in context. Cham, Switzerland ; Heidelberg, Germany : Springer International Publishing, 2015.[29] Y.-h. Liu, S.-j. Lou, and R.-c. Shih, "The investigation of STEM self-efficacy and professional commitment to engineering among female high school students," South African Journal of Education, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1-15, 2014.[30] D. Kiran and S. Sungur, "Middle School Students' Science Self-Efficacy and Its Sources: Examination of Gender Difference," Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 619-630, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s.[31] T. P. Robinson, "THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE SELF
[1]. FET is a framework designed to evaluate ToLthrough the factors that impede or facilitate the transfer. In contrast with other methods that focuson determining the factors (see, for example, [9], [16], [17]), the FET model aims to assess them[1]. Furthermore, the FET’s framework encompasses evaluating multiple dimensions influencingthe ToL. Specifically, the FET model's categories include transfer dimensions, achieved learning,and intent to transfer. The transfer dimensions are: 1. Trainee, which includes factors related to the participants’ reactions to a training program, such as motivation of transfer, self-efficacy, and locus of control; 2. Training, that evaluates the training itself and its design, and includes factors
interact with undergraduate STEM students.Data were passively collected from students via the online learning management system (LMS)every year of implementation (2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24). Data included time spent in the LMSand number of role model videos viewed. Additional data collected includes measures of studentalgebra proficiency (i.e., graded rubrics of student work) and pre-post survey instruments(measuring math self-efficacy, STEM interests, STEM outcome expectations, and STEM choicegoals). Interviews with 25 students were collected using a semi-structured protocol to capturereasons for electing to participate, barriers to participation, and reactions to the role model videosand field trips. Finally, external evaluators characterized
. 1, pp. 173–208, 1989.18. A. Bandura, “Reflections on self-efficacy. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 237–269, 1978.19. F. Pajares, “Current directions in self-efficacy research,” Advances in Motivation and Achievement, vol. 10, no. 149, pp. 1–49, 1997.20. K. Caraway, C. M. Tucker, W. M. Reinke, and C. Hall, C. “Self‐efficacy, goal orientation, and fear of failure as predictors of school engagement in high school students,” Psychology in the Schools, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 417–427, 2003.21. A. R. Carberry, H. S. Lee, and M. W. Ohland, “Measuring engineering design self‐ efficacy,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 71–79, 2010.22. T. D. Fantz, T. D., T. J. Siller, and M. A
and collaborativeefforts have been the backbone of the experience but never overpowered the component ofindividual development and allowed for a balanced and holistic exposure to the field. In thissection, we dive into these topics in further detail and discuss how our program design andparticipant reflections follow the topics of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and learningexperience discussed in the Socio-Cognitive Career Theory.Creating Inclusive Pathways to Experiential and Emotional Engagement: Echoing the work of [24], [25] the first findings from our work suggests that hands-on,self-exploratory, and gamified activities were particularly memorable and impactful forparticipants. The intentional design of the program offered
about post-high school plans. The pre-and post-surveys asked participants about their career interests or anticipated majors.Parts of the Knowledge, Awareness, and Motivations (KAM) survey tool were modified toevaluate awareness, exposure, career interest, and motivations. The KAM survey is a modifiedversion of the Motivation and Exposure in Microelectronics Instrument [6], an instrumentderived from the Nanotechnology Awareness Instrument [7]. The instrument was initiallydeveloped to assess changes in awareness, exposure, motivation, and knowledge ofnanotechnology [7]. To measure students’ self-efficacy and career outcome expectations, weadministered a modified Social Cognitive Career Theory Survey (SCCT) [8]. TheMicroelectronics SCCT Survey
interaction, network density, network bridging, and networkreach at the school, district, state, and national/international community level, using 18statements. This instrument uses social network analysis (SNA) with visual network scales(VNS) to visualize and quantify characteristics of the CoP and then relates this to the constructsof self-efficacy and identity [24]. Preliminary results measured before and after the PD areshown below from our initial group of TRAILS 2.0 teachers (COP) Network Survey (n = 7). • Overall CoP Network size increased at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). • CoP Network size at the national/international level increased at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) • CoP Network sizes at the school
- and post- survey questions will all beredacted, with pseudonyms replacing participant names. Next, data will be grouped throughdeductive coding into themes that correspond to the five constructs measured by the SIC-STEM2.0 survey: 1) Choice Actions, 2) Choice Goals, 3) Interests, 4) Outcome-Expectations, and 5)Self-Efficacy 5 . This deductive analysis will cast a wide net using latent meaning rather thansemantic meaning to capture as much data as possible within each category.After the initial deductive analysis, we will analyze the data in each theme in accordance with thesix steps of reflexive thematic analysis Braun and Clarke laid out in their 2006 paper andaugmented by their later works 11,10 : 1) Familiarizing yourself with the data, 2
-based assessments, presentations, and reflections. Thesesections were distilled using a combination of classroom experience and research. Eachof these elements is powerful on its own but added together they create opportunitiesfor students to build self-efficacy, belonging, and inclusion. These qualities then lead toclassrooms that can foster students who can find resilience and joy in diversity andcreate equitable spaces. The framework I developed is visualized in Figure 1 below. Iwill describe each of these elements and the research that went into them.Before the Framework: While doing research around actionable science DEIB strategies, I encounteredand studied social-emotional learning (SEL). While the tenants of following theframework
jobs forcomputer engineers [11]. The percentage of students identifying as women enrolled has notchanged over the last 20 years in electrical and computer engineering (ECE) (also ~15% in 2002)while the percentage of women bioengineers has increased (up from 43%) [10].It has been shown that there is no academic reason for the lack of women in STEM fields [12];however, low interest and low self-efficacy are two important factors. Social Cognitive CareerTheory provides a robust theoretical framework to understand the phenomena impacting theparticipation of women [13,14]. Research indicates that some of the reasons that women areinterested in biomedical and related engineering fields include an interest in solving socialproblems, and that they are
understanding of its structure and purpose. Below is a detaileddescription of the rubric that has been recontextualized from its original application inmanufacturing to its broader use in inclusive STEM education. The rubric is structured into threeprimary sections—Head, Heart, and Hands—each representing critical facets of the learningexperience and corresponding to cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, and activeparticipation. Our application of the 3H model[1] is rooted Piaget’s constructivist learningtheories[2], Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development[3], brain-based learning like that ofSmilkstein[4], self-efficacy[5], and cultural responsive teaching[6].Head (Cognitive Engagement): This section of the rubric focuses on self-efficacy