Asee peer logo
Well-matched quotation marks can be used to demarcate phrases, and the + and - operators can be used to require or exclude words respectively
Displaying results 30151 - 30180 of 30695 in total
Conference Session
First-Year Programs: Student Perceptions and Perspectives
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
George James Lamont, University of Waterloo; Stephanie Mutch, University of Waterloo; Chimdindu Ohaegbu, University of Waterloo ; Hamza Z. Butt, University of Waterloo; Kate Mercer, University of Waterloo; Kari D. Weaver, University of Waterloo
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
investigation [7], [28]. As a result, some authors continue to view onlineinstruction with suspicion [5], [29]. The primary criticism of virtual instruction is that it lacks thelevel of instructor-student interaction that occurs in-person [5], [29]. As a result, these criticsargue that online instruction should be provided synchronously, imitating in-person education asmuch as possible [5], [29]. Burns, Cunningham, and Foran-Mulcahy [24] disagree, however,arguing that carefully designed asynchronous education has the potential to be as effective assynchronous or in-person education. While synchronous instruction may be better equipped tofacilitate in-person interactions, with adequate planning, design, and unique pedagogicalapproaches, asynchronous
Conference Session
Studies of Student Teams and Student Interactions
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Javeed Kittur, Arizona State University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University; Jennifer M. Bekki, Arizona State University; Eunsil Lee, Florida International University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Conference Session
Critical Conversations on Being Valued
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Emily Gwen Blosser, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity
things she needed to do to excel. As she states, “When I started my job at AOC, I was nervous about the engineering work. This was my first exposure to such work and I had always believed I wasn’t smart enough to be an engineer due to my difficulty in math and science. However, I faced my fear, participated on every project team to which I was assigned, and eventually learned to read blueprints and plans allowing me to perform the work for which I was hired. Some people even said I couldn’t do it, that I would quit the job because I didn’t have an engineering background. I proved them all wrong.”As this statement indicates, Marjory explains that even though women are so often doubted inengineering, it
Conference Session
Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Sarah Jane Bork, University of Michigan; Joi-lynn Mondisa, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
discussions surroundingthe photographs. Facilitators must be invested in allowing social change to occur while beingattuned to any political and power dynamics at play; it is recommended that there be more thanone facilitator with at least one being a part of the community of interest [31]. Not only will thisbe beneficial for the planning stages of the project, but this will help provide buy-in and buildrapport with participants. After forming the study team, the next task is to reach out to membersof the community to participate in the project. Recruitment of participants can vary with moststudies ranging from 8-12 participants given the involved nature of the project and intense datacollection [31]. Before data collection begins, it is typical to
Conference Session
'Diversity' and Inclusion? Pedagogy, Experiences, Language and Performative Action
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jenn Stroud Rossmann, Lafayette College; Mary A. Armstrong, Lafayette College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
engineering identities“must negotiate the roles they play within the community of engineering as a discipline, ingroups with their peers, and within the classroom.” Tonso [25] describes identity development as“a complicated process through which campus engineer identities (cultural knowledge learned oncampus) provided a lens of meaning through which to “recognize” (or not) performances ofengineer selves as engineers.” Particularly for women and students of color, engineering identitycan be very malleable and susceptible to change, with persistence and career plans able to be“strongly swayed” by even small interactions or experiences as undergraduates [29].Institutions themselves foster engineering identity development through displays of solidarity
Conference Session
Student Division Technical Session 7
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Taylor Lightner, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Siddhartha Roy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jeremi S. London, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marc Edwards, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Divisions
Student
talking about their kids. We're talking about their families, their houses, what they do for work, what it was like growing up in Appalachia. And I'm making friends at this meeting, I'm not just meeting people that I'm supposed to be doing research with. I'm making connections.Through listening, she was able to bridge the gap between researchers and communities(Lambrinidou et al., 2014) because she saw them as human beings. This can be a challenge in afield where objectivity is the main goal in research. Participant 2 struggled with carrying theemotional anguish of the community members as she drove back home from her meeting; thiswas coded as the Belly of the Whale portion of the journey: We made plans to test their water
Conference Session
Academic Success and Retention
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Danika M. Dorris, North Carolina State University; Julie L. Swann, North Carolina State University; Julie Ivy, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
they firstenroll. Students who switch programs within the university and eventually graduate from anon-engineering program are still considered a graduate of this cohort. Students who arecurrently enrolled and still working toward a degree are only included in Phases 2 and 3 of ouranalysis.This research received approval from the Institutional Review Board at the university. Theresults in this article comply with the data management plan for the research including that aminimum number of entries is needed in published results.MethodologyThis framework for systematically classifying students involves a three-phase approach: (i)statistical test for comparisons, (ii) cluster analysis, and (iii) logistic regression predictions ofeventual dropout
Conference Session
Laboratory Courses and Programming in the Aerospace Curriculum
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Waterloo Tsutsui, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Ruben D. Lopez-Parra, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Genisson Silva Coutinho, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia; Alberto W. Mello, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Michael David Sangid, Purdue University; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University at West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
Conference Session
2-Year College Division: Students and the Pipeline
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Leo Salgado, University of California, Irvine; Sharnnia Artis, University of California, Irvine; Hye Rin Lee, University of California, Irvine; Lorenzo Valdevit, University of California, Irvine
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two-Year College
to discuss “which courses they were going to be taking” and“possibly share class notes and were planning to work together on group projects”. Students hadacquired a sense of belonging and were more motivated to continue to be enrolled in engineeringcourses. One key aspect was that students were highly interested in conducting research which inturn they had already contacted some of the faculty members by the beginning of week one ofthe fall quarter. One student stated, “he allowed me to join his research even though I wasn'tofficially settled into school yet”. It appeared that their motivation level had seen an increasefrom when they initially attended the one-week program in comparison to their first week ofbeing enrolled at a four-year
Conference Session
Biomedical Engineers and Professional Development - June 23rd
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Cassandra Sue Ellen Jamison, University of Michigan; Aileen Huang-Saad, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Lisa R. Lattuca, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical Engineering
-valuetheory of achievement motivation (EVT) [29]. EVT seeks to explain how individuals choosebehaviors based on their outcome expectations and the value they place on that outcome [30].Subjective task value can be broken into four dimensions: 1. Attainment Value: A task has attainment value if it provides a way to confirm or support an aspect of how one sees one’s self. 2. Interest Value: A task has interest value if an individual enjoys or expects to enjoy doing the task. 3. Utility Value: A task has utility value if it benefits future plans. 4. Cost Value: A task can also have perceived cost(s) associated with performing the task.While EVT is more commonly used to predict a subject’s behavior, for this paper, the STVconstruct of
Conference Session
Engineering Education Research Practices and Community
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Javeed Kittur, Arizona State University; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University; Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
recommendations in the curriculum and overall planning with minor focus onresearch activities. The accessibility of these experts for all the faculty members is limited. Toovercome these issues, IUCEE was established with a vision to improve the quality and globalrelevance of engineering education in India [1].Research performance is a significant factor that is commonly used in comparing universities. Theconcept of research performance is defined in two parts: one is research (all faculty are expectedto engage in research) and the other is performance (which is evaluated based on the quality of thepublished work) The different parameters considered under research component are research skillsand techniques, research funding, research management
Collection
2020 ASEE North Central Section conference
Authors
Bhuvana Ramachandran, University of West Florida; Chathapuram Ramanathan, University of West Florida,; Mohamed Khabou, University of West Florida
Tagged Topics
Diversity
between 15 and 22. It found that women are turning their back on these sectors for a variety of reasons, including a lack of science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge (30%), a perception that the industries are sexist (13%), and a belief that science, technology, engineering and mathematics-based careers are better suited to men (nine percent)”.High School Context and Formation of Educational and Career Plans Schools could play a positive role in highlighting the salience of gender in career relevantdecisions including the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematicsorientations [55]. A strong high school curriculum in math and science provides moreopportunities for concrete
Collection
AEE Journal
Authors
Jenna L. Mueller; Mary Elizabeth Dotson; Jennifer Dietzel; Jenna Peters; Gabriela Asturias; Amelia Cheatham; Marlee Krieger; Baishakhi Taylor; Sherryl Broverman; Nirmala Ramanujam
representatives on behalf of the actual communities in subsequent years. They also mentoredthe next Duke student leaders who were planning to travel internationally so that the community’sfeedback would be implemented the following year. This model provided opportunities for studentleadership and fostered communication and mentorship between older and younger undergraduatestudents, which in turn has led to program sustainability within Duke.6 SUMMER 2020 VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATIONUsing Human-Centered Design to Connect Engineering Conceptsto Sustainable Development GoalsData and Statistics Duke student data were collected under Duke University Institutional
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 7 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Tanya D. Ennis, University of Colorado Boulder
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
-building activities, plans and implements a summer bridgeprogram, and monitors students’ academic performance throughout the semester. Tutoring,mentoring, and socializing opportunities are also key areas that the Engineering GoldShirtProgram provides for students. Additionally, students received a participation and academicperformance scholarship that increases from year to year [2].The goals of the Engineering GoldShirt Program include the following:  To increase student interest in, and knowledge of engineering as an educational and career choice;  To build a sense of community among Engineering GoldShirt Program students and the larger; CEAS student population;  To prepare students to perform and succeed in a traditional
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 4 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Memoria Elizabeth Matters, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Patrice Marie Buzzanell, University of South Florida
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
these people directly, and we respect them for all kinds of the right reasons, and I think that having that come from them probably builds support in faculty members who might otherwise be a little bit less enthusiastic about it.” – EthanAdditionally, the school requires professors to attend a diversity workshop upon hire, andadditional diversity training is required for professors to serve on a search committee. Faculty arealso increasingly required to include a diversity statement in research grant applications. Forexample, the National Science Foundation’s Computer & Information Science and Engineering(CISE) division has recently begun to encourage grant applicants to include a “broadeningparticipation plan” in their
Conference Session
Faculty Development Lightning Talk Session 2
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, University at Buffalo; Syed Ali Kamal, Independent Researcher
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division
success [40]. Previous researchhas found that it is not uncommon among senior women faculty to plan their pre-tenurepregnancies to give birth in May, to postpone becoming pregnant until having reached tenure, orto limit the number of children they have based on the tenure-track limitations [12], [41], [42].Confirming to the view of academia as a gendered space, since men do not experience suchlimitations. As a result, the new generations of Ph.D. graduates are less attracted to facultypositions. A study from the University of California system found that the proportion of graduatestudents wanting professor positions at research intensive institutions was reduced during theirdoctoral training from 45 to 36% and from 39 to 27% among men and women
Conference Session
Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Daniel B. Oerther, Missouri University of Science and Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering and Public Policy
) meeting global needs and challenges through the UnitedNations and similar organizations [6].In the opinion of the author, science diplomacy is less a well-defined subject and more aloosely-recognized concept (i.e., science diplomacy is best defined by “you know it whenyou see it”). Widely recognized examples of multi-lateral science diplomacy – such as,the 1954 founding of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (known asCERN), the 1959 signing of the Antarctic Treaty System, and the 1998 launch of theInternational Space Station – provide an insight into the three pillars of sciencediplomacy, namely: 1) scientists serving as diplomats (i.e., the Iran nuclear deal, formerlyknown as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action adopted in October
Collection
2018 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Spring Conference
Authors
Andrew Grossfield P. E., Vaughn College of Aeronautics & Technology
2) Direction yꞌ(x) a1 3) Rate of turn yꞌꞌ(x) 2a2Consider an application in physics where altitude is being treated as a function of time, t. Thenthe table would appear as: 1) Height y(t) 2) Velocity yꞌ(t) 3) Acceleration yꞌꞌ(t)I plan to extend these relationships between two variables in a 2-dimensional space to equationsin three variables and their 3-dimensional representations.Considering three variables and three dimensional spaceIn considering the geometry of three dimensions, we will be studying surfaces and
Conference Session
First-Generation Track - Technical Session IV
Collection
2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference
Authors
Dina Verdín, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Geoff Potvin, Florida International University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, First Generation
to academic plans,” in Frontiers in Education Conference, 2008. FIE 2008. 38th Annual, 2008, p. T4D–1.[12] E. T. Pascarella and P. T. Terenzini, How college affects students, vol. 2. Jossey-Bass San Francisco, CA, 2005.[13] D. Verdín and A. Godwin, “First in the family: A comparison of first-generation and non- first-generation engineering college students,” in Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2015 IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–8.[14] R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, and G. Hackett, “Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis.,” J. Couns. Psychol., vol. 47, no. 1, p. 36, 2000.[15] A. Bandura, “Social foundation of thought and action: A social-cognitive view,” Englewood Cliffs, 1986.[16] A. Kirn
Conference Session
Balancing Act: Ideas in Pre- & Post- Surveys and Assessment of Professional Skills
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; James Kaklamanos, Merrimack College; Suresh Immanuel Selvaraj, University of Evansville; Corrie Walton-Macaulay, Bucknell University; Matthew Sleep, Oregon Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
laboratory sessions were used to discuss case-based learning studies and otherlaboratory sessions provided the students with a hands-on approach to geotechnical methodsemployed in the industry for subsurface investigation and laboratory testing. Students were partof a subsurface investigation using Bucknell’s drilling rig in which they planned, obtained fieldsamples, and performed laboratory testing necessary for design. These efforts provided themeans for discussion of the laboratory modules for sub-surface sampling, and pertinentlaboratory testing. Students also used the laboratory section to participate in a design andconstruction of sheet pile walls, similar to the ASCE regional and national GeoWallcompetitions. Class modules that supported the
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Keith W. Buffinton, Bucknell University; Vincent P. Manno, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Joseph J. Helble, Dartmouth College; Susan M Lord, University of San Diego; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
Conference Session
Assessing Literacies in Engineering Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan McGrade, Indiana Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
Conference Session
Assessment of Learning in BME
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Leann Dourte Segan, University of Pennsylvania; Emily R Elliott, Center for Teaching and Learning, University of Pennsylvania
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
context.Previous studies have demonstrated that well-planned, student-centered, active, learning modulescan enhance problem-solving abilities, improve academic achievement and create more positiveattitudes toward learning.1-3 Many of these studies have focused on activities such as groupproblem solving, interpreting data or evidence, or engaging in practices of the field. Traditionallytopics in a mechanics/biomechanics course are introduced using derivations with subsequentassignments using the results of these often non-intuitive mathematical procedures. However,few studies have looked at the use of hands-on activities to replace or supplement mathematicalderivations in an effort to connect physical concepts with mathematical equations. Therefore
Conference Session
Viewpoints, Perspectives, and Creativity in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jakob C Bruhl P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Richard J.H. Gash, United States Military Academy; William Clarence Pyant III, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, United States Military Acadamy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
and key to developing this type of student is to build a strongbasis in the core engineering disciplines while providing student opportunities to exercisecreative thinking.The balance between including creative opportunities and technical content within anengineering education is difficult to establish and perhaps even more difficult to achieve. Addingto this dilemma is the “safety based” culture that leaves little room for defects in new designs.Society expects engineers to plan for all contingencies and calculate the performance of anydesign with an associated factor of safety. This expectation leads many engineering curricula toconcentrate on depth over breadth.12 While problem based learning and other similar techniquesare excellent at
Conference Session
Mentoring, Advising, and Facilitating Learning
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cheryl Carrico P.E., Virginia Tech; Angela Harris, Stanford University; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Ruth A. Streveler, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Conference Session
Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession - and ASCE
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Timothy W Mays P.E., The Citadel; Monika Bubacz, The Citadel; Kevin Skenes, The Citadel; Kaitlin Marley, University of California - San Diego; James Michael Grayson, The Citadel
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
objectives V Planning a Class: Offers a structured methodology for organizing a class with emphasis on constructing an outline, board notes, and out-of-class activities VI Writing: Covers the fundamentals of making written presentations using the chalk board, vu-graphs, and PowerPoint slides VII Teaching Assessment: Covers student, peer and self-assessments and separates myth from fact regarding their usefulness. Classroom assessment techniques (Angelo and Cross, 1993) are illustrated throughout the seminars. VIII Communications - Speaking: Covers fundamentals of communication skills with emphasis on speaking to a group and generating positive emotion from students IX Communications – Questioning: Examines different
Conference Session
International Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bill Guariento, University of Glasgow; Nazmi Abdel-Salam Almasri, The Islamic University of Gaza - Palestine; Anna Rolinska, University of Glasgow
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
International
open comments supported this hypothesis. Looking at the data, it appears likelythat many had understood the question to refer specifically to the Gaza-related problem thatthey had been working on, rather than a generic improvement (or otherwise) to their problem-solving skills. ‘We found the references which use good methods and solutions in othercountries. And evaluate whether these responses can used in Gaza’ (UofG student); ‘In thisproject, I learn to choose the best solution for a problem, catching the context and filteringthe nonsense plans at the same time’ (UofG student). However, it is hoped that the studentswill nevertheless use their experience to reflect on the cognitive processes that take placewhen solving complex problems in
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session II
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sam Kelly-Quattrocchi, University of Washington; Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Rachel Roberts, University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; Rachel Yonemura, The University of Washington
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
sustainability in all major industries worldwide.The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 continued the work of the Brundtland Commission3establishing the current UN Commission on Sustainable Development. The Rio Summitendorsed a global action plan called Agenda 21 that provided a framework for achievingsustainable development4, and the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development(WSSD) in 2002 (also referred to as the Rio+10 because it took place 10 years after the first RioSummit) 3 formalized a widely-used definition of sustainability as being composed of the threepillars of sustainable development - economic, social, and environmental. Present-daysustainability discourse still largely revolves around the inclusion of these three pillars
Conference Session
Liberal Education Division Technical Session Session 12
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Danielle Corple, Purdue University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Sean Eddington, Purdue University; Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Patrice Marie Buzzanell, University of South Florida
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
white andcontinuing generation students. In an education system predicated upon white, U.S., continuinggeneration students’ cultural norms, this can place FGC and URM students at a disadvantage.For instance, studies have demonstrated that FGC students “are less likely to utilize or have moredifficulty in recognizing university support resources because they have little practice in doingso” ([15], p. 823). Similarly, FGC and URM FGC students are less likely to receive assistance orsupport from family in college and career planning [16], [17]. Thus, they often lack family-related social capital important for choosing engineering as a major/career, especially if theirfamily members are not engineers. Educational norms of teaching and learning can
Conference Session
Computers in Education Division Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Fadi Castronovo, California State University, East Bay; Semih Yilmaz, California State University, East Bay; Akarsh Rao, Immersive and Interactive Research Group; Walter Condori Jr., California State University, East Bay; Karan Monga, STEM Educational Gaming Research Group; Hadiseh Gooranorimi, California State University, East Bay
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
VirtualReality/computer based games will be collected as control variables. In addition to experiments,cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are planned to be conducted that investigate therelationships between the game and various learning and behavioral outcomes, academicperformance, environmental activism/advocacy, etc. among campus students. By observingsustainability outcomes of the Attack of the Recyclops (as well as any curricular or extra-curricular activities that incorporate the game) in more natural educational settings, thesecorrelational studies will allow the research team to observe the longer-term effects, identifymore potential facilitators or inhibitors, and conduct additional experiments in the future.6. Conclusions and Expected