Conference Session

Exemplary Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Aurelio López-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Lourdes Gazca, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

presentedworkshops at a regional conference on September 2007 and 2008. Around 250 and 280 (in 2007and 2008, respectively) teachers from the state of Quintana Roo (Mexico) were engaged in a 3-day summer conference, during which they attended several distinguished lectures and seminarsincluding the How People Learn framework6, 7, 17, active and cooperative learning13, and aworkshop where they performed and learned how to teach five Alimentos Divertidos experimentsand an engineering teaching kit (ETK), using foods as tools to facilitate engineering and sciencelearning.For over 10 years, professors from UDLAP have been working with the company CalizasIndustriales del Carmen (CALICA) on a community service project whose main objective is toprovide teacher

Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for NEEs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Ocon, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

process byproviding additional experience, with different audiences and forums. For example:1. Develop presentation skills:Through industrial training, the author has developed his presentation skills, including how to: ≠ Adapt his teaching/training approach to match the characteristics of the audience (i.e. experience, age, gender) ≠ Project his voice (speak with passion and clarity) ≠ Provide work related examples of industry concerns and solutions to promote interest, participation and learning ≠ Expertly respond to student questions dealing with industry concerns ≠ Speak with confidence on his area of expertise ≠ Improve his speech fluency ≠ Use of humor to defuse tension and promote interest2. The importance

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ken Yasuhara, University of Washington; Andrew Morozov, University of Washington; Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Christine Loucks-Jaret, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students were recruitedbased on their high likelihood of completing an engineering major, roughly a quarter of theinitial sample was lost during the four years of the study due to students switching out ofengineering.11 With some data collection methods (e.g., individual interview, the design tasksdiscussed in this paper) being very resource-intensive, project limitations also resulted in a lowersample size for some methods in some years.In its original form, data analyzed for this paper were drawn from a set of handwritten responsesto an engineering design task. In the task, participants were asked to design a method to allowpedestrians to cross a street at a busy intersection. Specifically, they were given 15 minutes torespond to a sequence of

Conference Session

Gender and Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiffany Iskander, University of Utah; Paul Gore, University of Utah; Cynthia Furse, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2009-1733: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EXPRESSED AND MEASUREDINTERESTS IN ENGINEERING-RELATED FIELDS OVER A 30-YEAR SPANTiffany Iskander, University of Utah Tiffany Iskander is a first year doctoral student in the Counseling Psychology program at the University of Utah. Her research interests are focused on the expressed and measured gender differences and areas of interest in college bound students.Paul Gore, University of Utah Paul Gore is an Associate Professor and Student Success Special Projects Coordinator at the University of Utah. His research focuses on the academic and career success of adolescents and young adults. Prior to his current position, Dr. Gore was the Director of Career

Conference Session

IT-based Instructional Technologies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Miertschin, University of Houston; Cheryl Willis, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

. , an Step 13 Locate and open the appropriate evaluation assignment with a discussion board deliverable, a submission tool (e.g., email, discussion board, drop project assignment with a due date several weeks box, survey, quiz) in WebCT. away). Step 14 Use WebCT tool interface to submit evaluationStep 7 Review the list to determine the number and nature assignment content and return to Step 5 until all of interaction evaluation activities for the week (e.g., nodes are examined. an online quiz). Step 15 Return with goal

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nipul Patel, Purdue University, North Central; Bryan Marshall, Georgia College and State University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

utilization by consolidating demand forunderutilized services. Each of the smaller companies would have an individualdemand for certain services such as tech support maintenance. They would need toemploy a minimum number of people to provide the service and enough excess tohandle peak demand. By pooling these services, resources would likely be larger thanan individual company’s resources but smaller than the sum total of the individualgroups. Also by averaging the demand of several projects, peak resource requirementscan potentially be minimized. For example, if a company has daily need of 20 units ofcomputing power but a peak of 50 units on certain days of the year. They would haveto be capable of handling the 50 units plus some margin for error at

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

HongLi Luo, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

applications ≠ Know the fundamental lossless compression and lossy compression techniques ≠ Know the current image compression and video compression standards ≠ Know the basic technologies in designing adaptive multimedia applications ≠ Know the different protocols for multimedia transmission ≠ Write a simple Internet networking application using socket programming ≠ Know the current peer-to-peer multimedia networking applications ≠ Gain hands-on experiences on multimedia transmission technologiesTo accomplish these objectives, the course is composed of lectures, homework, laboratoryassignments, literature readings and course project. Hands-on laboratories are mainly designed tohelp students get familiar with the multimedia compression

Conference Session

Faculty Development and Research in ET

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Denton, Purdue University; Nancy Denton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Engineering technology facultymembers have many reasons to participate in the industrial certification exam developmentprocess.Nancy: My involvement in the Vibration Institute’s industry-based certification program began when I took a couple of their certification examinations. I did so to establish more credibility in a highly practice-oriented field, while gaining a better understanding of what MET students should study to be competent in vibration-based machinery monitoring. The reliability field has been growing and evolving. Project opportunities regularly arise that require full understanding of rotating equipment, its vibration signatures, and related data acquisition concerns. Maintaining technical currency and ensuring my

Conference Session

Innovative Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Crown, University of Texas, Pan American; Arturo Fuentes, University of Texas, Pan American; Constantine Tarawneh, University of Texas, Pan American; Robert Freeman, University of Texas, Pan American; Hashim Mahdi, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, and early warnings.2) ME Faculty will mentor students in areas and activities such as professional opportunities for students (internships, professional societies, co-ops, undergraduate student research and industry projects, design competitions, professional meetings, etc.),answer questions about career choices, encourage good habits (study habits, ethical behavior, healthy life, stress management techniques, search for any required professional help, etc), motivation (rewards of hard work, celebrate success, learn from failure, etc.), building a relationship (personal accountability, showing that we care, etc.), financial aid/scholarships, and selection of technical electives appropriate to student interest and career goals3

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Reifschneider, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

curriculums. However, the advent of lower cost rapidprototyping technology capable of making molds that can withstand the temperatures andpressures of thermoforming provides a means to teach net-shaped product design in semester-long courses. This paper provides examples of student projects that illustrate the level of designcomplexity possible with the paired use of prototyping and thermoforming. Finally, some of thecosts associated with the prototyping and forming technologies are outlined to provide a measureof the resources required to implement this strategy in a design curriculum.Why net-shaped processing mattersWhile many product design courses utilize rapid prototyping to communicate the form and fit ofdesigns1, the focus of this paper is to

Conference Session

Micromachining in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; John Graham, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

spot size adjustable between 6 and 24 microns (μm) with CNC axis resolution at 0.1 μm. This provides the capability of micron-level high- precision machining. A human hair is typically on the order of 50 to 100 μm in diameter. • Two solid-state cameras assist in precision alignment, while two additional solid-state cameras provide access to view the machining process during operation. • The PC drives three LCD monitors. A fourth LCD monitor is used to display the image projected by one of the two cameras in the workspace. • It is a completely enclosed class I system which means that when all doors and interlocks are closed, the laser is completely safe to be around. • Inside the enclosure, the

Conference Session

Using Classroom Technologies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University; Alexander Yin, Pennsylvania State University; Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Mieke Schuurman, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

attributes relate to becoming: 1) Aware of theWorld, 2) Solidly Grounded, 3) Technically Broad, 4) Innovative, 5) Effective in TeamOperations, and 6) Effective in Leadership Positions.Our project team has collected data from engineering student subjects who were enrolledin two different courses, and at various stages of their education. These portfolios werecreated by students intending to major in a wide range of engineering disciplines. One-way ANOVAs and post-hoc tests were utilized to examine differences between theengineering discipline and students’ class standing (i.e., first-year students, sophomores,juniors, and seniors). Overall, our analysis indicates that our rubrics based onAlexander’s Model of Domain Learning (MDL) 2-4 are effective in

Conference Session

Issues and Direction in ET Education and Administration: Part I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Brian Thorn, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to determinethe likelihood and potential severity of shortages. A five year projection of the likelihood thatenrollments will exceed the resource capabilities is given below. Table 1: Likelihood of Exceeding Resource Availability Academic Resource Probability that demand exceeds capacity in year: Resource Availability 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 FYE Sections 5 0.0019 0.0208 0.1203 0.3480 0.6936 Writing Sections 4 0.6660 0.8532 0.9557 0.9918 0.9994Mfg. Process Lecture 5 0.1871 0.5210 0.8428 0.9757 0.9974 Mfg. Process Lab 15 0.0002

Conference Session

Technology Integration in the Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hung-da Wan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Venkata Tarun Cherukuri, University of Texas, San Antonio; Saumya Tamma, University of Texas, San Antonio; Kranthi Kumar Tiyyagura, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

an innovative web-based application, the Interactive Roadmap,to provide an exciting learning environment for high school students, who are interested inengineering. The roadmap of a manufacturing project from Computer-Aided Design (CAD)modeling to Rapid Prototyping (RP) is developed for young students to gain knowledge andhands-on experiences in the field of manufacturing engineering. The interactive roadmap,presented as a treasure map, contains several training modules under the main topic. Themodules are cross-linked to provide various alternative pathways for the students to explore thewhole package in the way they choose. Students gain credits as they visit each stop and completethe associated quiz or assignment until they finish the

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E James Nelson, Brigham Young University; Gus Williams, Brigham Young University; Paul Richards, Brigham Young University; Grant Schultz, Brigham Young University; Travis Wight, Brigham Young University; Jeff Armstrong, Armstrong Forensic

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Armstrong, Armstrong Forensic Jeff Armstrong is President and Founder of Armstrong Forensic Engineers, Inc. A third generation engineer, he has more than seventeen years experience in forensic engineering. He is a Civil Engineer with a Bachelor’s Degree from Brigham Young University, and a Master’s Degree from Arizona State University. His projects have included traffic accident investigation and reconstruction, eminent domain, transportation planning, personal injury events, civil engineering site design, and forensic engineering analysis of premises liability, merchandise securement, stairway design, building code compliance, and walking hazard analysis. Jeff is a Registered

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Lutes, Purdue University; Alka Harriger, Purdue University; Jack Purdum, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

appointment at Purdue, Kyle worked for 16 years as a software engineer and developed systems for such industries as banking, telecommunications, publishing, healthcare, athletic recruiting, retail, and pharmaceutical sales.Alka Harriger, Purdue University Alka Harriger joined the faculty of the Computer and Information Technology Department (CIT) in 1982 and is currently a Professor of CIT and Assistant Department Head. Professor Harriger's current interests include reducing the IT gender gap, web application development, and service learning. Since January 2008, she has been leading the NSF-ITEST SPIRIT project that seeks to rekindle enthusiasm for information technology disciplines as a career

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Plumley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Andrew Foley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Earnest Greene, US Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Experiment In Supportof Courses in Mechanical Control and Experimental Analysis”, Proceedings of the 1996American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Washington,DC, June 1996[8] Plumley, M., & Wilczynski, V. “Design Portfolios for Outcomes Assessment and ProgramVision”, Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education AnnualConference & Exposition, Pittsburgh, PA, June 2008[9] Dixon, G. “Three Thermal Systems Design-Build-Test Projects”, Proceedings of the 2004American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Salt Lake City,UT, June 2004[10] Dixon, G. “A Solar Distiller as a Thermal Systems Design-Build-Test Project”, Proceedingsof the 2006 American Society for

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noel Schulz, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

campus for an extended amount of time. Researchers withlarge research programs worry how a leave might adversely affect their graduate students andresearch projects. Faculty members with working spouses have to consider the flexibility of thespouse’s job, especially if they cannot also take sabbatical. Faculty with families see all theissues related to taking the family with you or being separated for an extended amount of time.In tight budget times, some universities have reduced or eliminated sabbaticals.While these are all valid concerns and issues, faculty also face challenges, particularly if theyremain at the same institution. Some faculty get caught in a groove of teaching the same classesover and over again. Other faculty get assigned to

Conference Session

Outreach and Hands-on Materials

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Magda, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

AC 2009-1685: HANDS-ON LAB DEMONSTRATION TO TEACH HOWMECHANICAL PROPERTIES CHANGE DUE TO COLD WORKING ANDRECRYSTALLIZATIONDaniel Magda, Weber State University Page 14.663.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Hands on Lab Demonstration to Teach how Mechanical Properties Change Due to Cold Working and RecrystallizationAbstractLaboratories that employ hands-on demonstration to change material properties play animportant role in understanding why materials are selected for different design specifications.Engineering students take courses in mechanics of material, machine design, finite elementanalysis and capstone senior projects. These courses require

Conference Session

Sustainability in Engineering Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

include one or more of the Engineering Programs following considerations…impacts of construction projects; impacts of exploration, development, and extraction of resources, and consequential remediation; disposal of wastes…”4 Mining and Similarly “The program must demonstrate that graduates Named Engineering have…proficiency in engineering topics related to both surface Programs and underground mining, including…environmental issues…”4 Code Results for S3: Society: Social Impacts & Issues, Law & Public Policy, Safety, and People Specific Program Concept as

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Controls Laboratories

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kayode P. Ayodele, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olawale Akinwale, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawrence Kehinde, Texas Southern University; Oladipo O. Osasona, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; E.O.B. ajayi, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; O.O. Akinwunmi, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

written in transact-SQL. These stored procedures provide an abstraction layer ofdata access procedures which reduce the regeneration/embedding of boiler plate SQL code inC# code. Page 14.163.8 Figure 6: Screen capture showing the Experiment Engine in operationThe DE1 board features a state-of-the-art Cyclone® II 2C20 FPGA in a 484-pin package. Theoriginal purpose of the board was to serve as a vehicle for learning about digital logic,computer organization, and FPGAs. The board offers a rich set of features that make itsuitable for use in a laboratory environment for university and college courses, for a varietyof design projects, as well as for

Conference Session

Outreach and Hands-on Materials

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dana Medlin, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Michael West, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Deborah Mitchell, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Jon Kellar, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Stuart Kellogg, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Materials

of Mines and Technology. She is also Director of the Apex Gallery which is located on campus. She received a South Dakota Arts Council Fellowship in 2007. In addition to being an active professional artist she also has been conference chair for the Third Annual Conference on Art Culture Nature, an Arts Consultant for the state of Washington under the Western Sates Arts Federation, and a project director for Lila Wallace Reader’s Digest Arts International. In addition she has written exhibition catalogs for artists such as Heidi Oberheide and Jane Catlin. She is a member of the College Art Association and FATE: Foundations in Art: Theory and Education.Jon Kellar, South Dakota School of Mines

Conference Session

Distance and Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Mehrabian, University of Central Florida; Tarig Ali, University of Central Florida; Walter Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Alireza Rahrooh, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

accommodate and facilitate the effectiveness ofonline examination methods. Some very recent studies documented the practicality andeffectiveness of distance learning methodologies3. Results from an early study of the desirabilityand feasibility of using distance learning indicated that this teaching and methodology has auseful role in distance learning4. The case for employing project-based learning methods asopposed to more traditional teaching methods, where the learning path follows a carefullypredetermined structure, has been argued elsewhere3.In this paper the authors discuss their enduring practice and efforts with crafting onlineexaminations for the distance learning courses in engineering and technology. We touch onissues of assessment

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Llewellyn Mann, Central Queensland University; Shanna Daly, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, namely “what are the ways that sustainable design has been experienced among the participants involved”. 2. Current practice was further investigated to understand what assumptions existed about sustainable design and how it was understood in practice. It was found that different disciplines had differing understandings and ways of operating even though they were working on the same projects. This lead to the realization that a more diverse range of views was needed to better inform what sustainable design practice is and should become in the future. 3. A research method known as phenomenography was selected as it was best able to answer the research question posed. The best way of gathering data with this

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Strategies in Engineering Graphics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kellen Maicher, Purdue University; Marvin Sarapin, Purdue University; James Mohler, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

andnatural affinity between U.S. higher education and its ancestral nations overseas. In addition tocountless research projects and other cooperative endeavors, many U.S. schools have maintainedhealthy exchange programs and study-abroad initiatives for the majority of their existence.2These types of programs enjoyed somewhat of a renaissance following World War II, as theexperience of that event brought into light the need for the U.S. and its citizens to adopt a globalmindset. As a result, a variety of sponsored educational initiatives were implemented such as the1946 Fulbright Act, which provided legislation to promote funding for international educationand research through the sale of surplus military equipment.1 The Cold War served to

Conference Session

International Study Abroad Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati, Kettering University; Butsch Michael, FH-Konstanz, Germany

Tagged Divisions

International

)who are responsible for advisement, mentoring, monitoring and assessment of that program.Ahead of time, the program coordinator pre-determines, in consultation with appropriatefaculty, which courses will transfer directly back to Kettering as if courses were taken atKettering University. Assessment of course is therefore needed. No two courses of the sametitle are taught the same way in different parts of the world, nor do they have the same coursecontent. The assessment process is carried out via course portfolios and a competency matrix(end-of-course outcomes-based survey). Students are asked to compile course portfolios andkeep track of assignments, notes, HW, reports, projects, etc. Individually, students are asked tofill out course

Conference Session

Marketing Engineering as a Career Path to URMs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Delaine, Drexel University; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Focus Group Study of Student Perceptions”,Proceedings of the Allied Academics, Volume 15, Number 2, Reno 2008.7. “Preparing Minority Scientists and Engineers”, Michael F. Summers, Freeman A. Hrabowski III, Science, 31March 2006 Vol. 311.8. NSF Bridge to the Doctorate, http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=54779. “A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance”, Claude M. Steele,American Psychologist, June 1997 Vol. 52., No. 6, 613-629.10. “Ong, Maria, “Effects of Informal and Formal Support Groups on Retaining Women and Minorities in U.S.Physics”, The project SEED initiative, The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University & TERC.11. Golub, Alex, “The Flaws of Facebook”, Inside Higher Ed

Conference Session

Micromachining in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Hung, Texas A&M University; Sujeev Chittipolu, Texas A&M University; Saurabh Kajaria, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

research data, compare techniques for microtool setting, or producemicrotooling for other research projects. Graduate students perform in-depth studies to comparemicromachining options, optimize micromachining parameters, characterize micromist, or findlimitation of fragile microcutting tools. All micromachining projects and equipment are proudlypresented to high school students and visitors who often visit our Haas Technical EducationCenter.Literature ReviewMicromilling has been considered an attractive alternative over other micromanufacturingprocesses due to its high flexibility and the ability to produce complex 3D features1. Initial worksare focused on developing microcutting tools and micromachining systems. A microtool of Ø25µm can be

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Raymond B. Landis

required to produce a marketable product. Simple hands-on projects can be illustrative. Have them design and build a solar hot dog cookerusing tin foil as the reflector and have a contest to see which one cooks the “best” hot dog. We assignstudents in our Introduction to Engineering class the task of designing and fabricating something to displaytheir name and bring it to class. After they have completed the task, we ask them who they designed it for.Did they design it so they could read their name? The instructor from the front of the room? All of theother students in the class? This exercise brings home the idea of “design specifications.” It may be a challenge to identify individuals to help students learn about engineering

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott Grenquist

- success was highly subjective, and did not to attempt 10 address the vast majority of students that had average scores on either, or both, of the two tests. Additionally, the Attainment ‘rest hdd been in use in the Department of Physics fix twelve years, with only slight moditlcalions, whereas the physics courses themselves had undc]-gone significant upgrading over the past dezade. In order to determine the validity of the two tests towwd projecting student performance in the engineering physics sequences, it was agreed to accumulate data on the students taking all t~f the introduckxy engineering physics subjects, and to statistically analyze that data. The project was begun at the beginning of the academic year