Conference Session

Techniques in Improving Mathematics Education in STEM Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R. Reisel, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Marissa Jablonski, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Ethan V. Munson, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Hossein Hosseini, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

(on a 4-point scale) higher than the average course gradesof all students in the courses.In this paper, the format of the study groups will be described in detail, and the analysis of theimpact of the study groups on the student grades will be presented.IntroductionThere is great interest in the United States to increase the number of students graduating fromcollege in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines.1,2 Toaccomplish this goal, two primary tasks need to be performed. First, more students need to beattracted to pursue college-level studies in the STEM fields. Second, once those students areenrolled in a STEM field, the colleges and universities must provide a nurturing environmentdesigned to allow a

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 15

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Mawer, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Lisa Retzlaff, North Carolina State University; Laine Schrewe, Otterbein University; Scott Ferguson, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

morecommunal and reflective practice in PBL design and implementation will lead to more dynamic,engaging, and effective learning environments that are better suited to meet the challenges of 21st-century education.References[1] D. H. Jonassen, “Toward a design theory of problem solving,” Educational technology research and development, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 63–85, 2000.[2] G. P. Wiggins and J. McTighe, Understanding by Design. ASCD, 2005.[3] J. Chen, A. Kolmos, and X. Du, “Forms of implementation and challenges of PBL in engineering education: a review of literature,” European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 90–115, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1080/03043797.2020.1718615.[4] A. Olewnik, A. Horn, L. Schrewe, and S. Ferguson, “A

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danielle Amatore, Oregon State University; Edith Gummer, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

University. He currently has research activity in areas related to thin film materials processing and engineering education. He is author of the text Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics, which includes an integrated, menu driven computer program ThermoSolver. He is interested in integrating technology into effective education practices and in promoting the use of higher level cognitive skills in engineering problem solving. Dr. Koretsky is a six-time Intel Faculty Fellow and has won awards for his work in engineering education at the university and national levels. Page 12.904.1© American

Conference Session

CPDD Technical Session 1 - Design of Professional Development Curricula

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Navid Yaghoubisharif, Oregon State University; Shane Brown, Oregon State University; Amy Brooks, Oregon State University

]. According toJarvis (1999), "there are profound implications for their [the practitioners] continuing learningsince they are learning incidentally and informally in practice all the time." He continues bysaying, "Formal continuing learning programs need to be relevant to what they actually do andmust contain opportunities for testing ideas and theories [7, p. 10], [8, p. 169]."Instructors of continuing professional development courses are generally aware of the benefits ofengaging students and interested in integrating teaching strategies that have been shown toimprove learners' performance and engagement in science, technology, engineering, andmathematics (STEM) classes [9]. According to Merriam and Bierema (2013), adult learners incontinuing

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Warter-Perez, California State University, Los Angeles; Daniel Galvan, California State University, Los Angeles; Jose Mijares, California State University, Los Angeles; Corin Bowen, California State University, Los Angeles; Gustavo Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Lizabeth Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Paper ID #37874Work In Progress: Developing a Faculty Community ofPractice to Support a Healthy Educational EcosystemNancy Warter-Perez Nancy Warter-Perez is the chair of the Mechanical Engineering Department and a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at California State University, Los Angeles. For more than twenty-five years, Nancy has been dedicated to improving STEM education and outreach, particularly for minoritized students.Corin L. Bowen (Postdoctoral Researcher) Corin (Corey) Bowen (she/her/hers) is a postdoctoral researcher in the College of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology at

Conference Session

ERM: Systematic Reviews!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Struck Jannini; Zeynep Akdemir, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

programmes. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 34(3), 419–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2010.484058Urdan, T., & Schoenfelder, E. (2006). Classroom effects on student motivation: Goal structures, social relationships, and competence beliefs. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.003Wang, M. T., & Degol, J. L. (2017). Gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): Current knowledge, implications for practice, policy, and future directions. Educational Psychology Review, 29(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648- 015-9355-x*Verdin, D., Godwin, A., & Morazes, J. L. (2015). Qualitative study of first-generation Latinas: Understanding

Conference Session

Manufacturing Workforce Development

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenifer Blacklock, University of Colorado Boulder; Greg Vanderbeek, University of Colorado Boulder

” Educational Leadership, 49(7), 26–33 (1992)..5. Pea R.D., “The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity”, Journal of the Learning Sciences 13: 423–451 (2004).6. Grunert J., “The course syllabus: A learning-centered approach”, Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing Co, Inc, (1997).7. McGourty, J., et al. "Improving student learning through the use of multisource assessment and feedback." 30th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. Building on A Century of Progress in Engineering Education. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No. 00CH37135). Vol. 1. IEEE, (2000).8. Ghrayeb O., Purushhothaman D., and Promod V., "Art of triangulation: an effective assessment

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Diana de la Rosa-Pohl; Catherine Horn

increase student engagement. However, it has been noted thatengagement is often a luxury that low-income students cannot afford (Kezar, Walpole, & Perna,2015). Engagement requires time. And as low-income students often try to balance the forces ofhaving to work to pay for school and also taking a large number of hours to receive tuition breaks,finding time to engage at any level on campus becomes for many an impossibility.The Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) program at theNational Science Foundation (NSF) was created to address this issue of time. The S-STEM programprovides funds to universities across the nation to financially support underserved students throughSTEM scholarships. Endeavour is one of

Conference Session

Student Engagement, Socioemotional Needs, and Social Support During Pandemic

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University; Sam Spiegel, Colorado School of Mines; Deb Jordan, Colorado School of Mines; Ariana C. Vasquez, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #34234Work in Progress: Investigation of the Psychological and DemographicCharacteristics that Impact Performance in Online Modules and CoursesDr. Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University Dr. Sarah Zappe is Research Professor and Director of Assessment and Instructional Support in the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education at Penn State. She holds a doctoral degree in educational psychology emphasizing applied measurement and testing. In her position, Sarah is responsible for developing instructional support programs for faculty, providing evaluation support for educational proposals and

Conference Session

Mid Atlantic Papers

Collection

2017 Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Authors

Thuong N Nguyen, York College of Pennsylvania; Justin Reichner; James Moscola, York College of Pennsylvania; Kala Meah, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Topics

Mid-Atlantic Section Fall Conference

Technology in 1998, the M.Sc. degree from South Dakota State University in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Wyoming in 2007, all in Electrical Engineering. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Capstone Project: A Cloud-based Backend Server for an Automated Bicycle Rental System Thuong Nguyen, Justin Reichner, James Moscola, and Kala Meah Department of Engineering and Computer Science, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PAAbstractAutomated bicycle rental systems have become an increasingly popular form of publictransportation in cities and on campuses. As a senior capstone

Conference Session

Unique Student Opportunities in BME

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Abramowitch, University of Pittsburgh; Mark Redfern, University of Pittsburgh; Richard Debski, University of Pittsburgh; Alejandro Almarza, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Borovetz, University of Pittsburgh; Savio Woo, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2008-1121: INTRAMURAL RESEARCH INTERNSHIP: A REQUIREMENT OFTHE UNDERGRADUATE BIOENGINEERING CURRICULUM AT THEUNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGHSteven Abramowitch, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Abramowitch is an Assistant Professor of Bioengineering at the Swanson School of Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. He received his B.S. (1998) in Applied Mathematics and Ph.D. (2004) in Bioengineering from the University of Pittsburgh. Currently, he serves as the Director of the Tissue Mechanics laboratory in the Musculoskeletal Research Center. The primary goal of the Tissue Mechanics Laboratory is to understand and enhance ligament healing utilizing functional tissue engineering approaches, and

Conference Session

Integrating Design into the BME Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristine Csavina, Florida Gulf Coast University; James Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2009-867: JUMPSTARTING THE CAPSTONE EXPERIENCE THROUGH ABIOENGINEERING PRODUCT DESIGN COURSEKristine Csavina, Florida Gulf Coast University Kristine R. Csavina is an Assistant Professor at Florida Gulf Coast University. She received her Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree from the University of Dayton in 1992, and her Ph.D. in Bioengineering from Arizona State University in 2003. Prior to her appointment at FGCU, served as the Director of the SHRI-CORE Orthopedic Research Labs housed at the Center for Orthopedic Research and Education (CORE) Institute in Sun City West, AZ and as an adjunct faculty member in Bioengineering at Arizona State University. Her research interests

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuang Xu, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2009-1897: PROMOTING UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH IN ECE (PURE):CONNECTING UNDERGRADUATES WITH GRADUATE RESEARCH MENTORSKuang Xu, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Kuang Xu is a senior in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He conducted research on PAPR reduction for beamforming OFDM networks under Dr. Douglas L. Jones during his Junior year. He is currently working on peer-to-peer live streaming under Dr. Bruce Hajek. He is Director of the Promoting Undergraduate Research in ECE (PURE) program.Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Elizabeth Van Ruitenbeek is an Electrical and Computer Engineering graduate student

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Murali Krishnamurthi

technology-oriented fieldswill not truly reflect the multicultural make-up of our society. Considering the projectedstatistics on the composition of the future work force, it is imperative that educational institutionsimprove their science and engineering curricula to address gender equity and multicultural issuesand help students experience, understand, and appreciate the benefits of the same before joiningthe work force [1].The following were some of the concerns expressed to the author at the 1996 ASEE conferenceby some engineering faculty about addressing gender equity and multicultural issues in theircurricula: (1) gender equity and multicultural issues appear to be more suited for addressing inthe liberal arts curricula than the science and

Conference Session

Student Approaches to Problem Solving

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ada Hurst, University of Waterloo; Gregory Litster, University of Waterloo; Christopher Rennick, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #30007Operationalizing Jonassen’s Design Theory of Problem Solving: Aninstrument to characterize educational design activitiesDr. Ada Hurst, University of Waterloo Ada Hurst is a Continuing Lecturer in the Department of Management Sciences at the University of Waterloo. She has taught and coordinated the capstone design courses in the Management Engineering program since 2011. She also teaches courses in organizational theory, technology, and behaviour. Her research falls in the areas of design cognition and processes, engineering design education, and gender issues in STEM disciplines. She is interested in

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Michael C. Loui, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-4637: IDENTIFYING THE CORE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKOF DIGITAL LOGICDr. Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Geoffrey L. Herman earned his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign as a Mavis Future Faculty Fellow. He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher for the Illinois Foundry for Engineering Education. His research interests include conceptual change and development in engineering students, promoting intrinsic motivation in the classroom, blended learning (integrating online teaching tools into the classroom), and intelligent tutoring systems. He is a recipient of the 2011 American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE

Conference Session

Information Integration

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Priesmeyer; Mary Fernandez; John Fernandez

computer technology,SIGITE 2004 Conference, October 2004.3. Krug, S., Don’t Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability, New Rider Press,Indianapolis, IN, 2000.4. Marcur, A., The emotion connection, Interactions, November-December, 2003, 28-34.5. McCracken, D. and Wolfe, R., User-Centered Website Development: A Human-Computer InteractionApproach, Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2004.6. Preece, J., Rogers, Y., and Sharp, H., Interaction Design: Beyond Human-Computer Interaction, John Page 10.613.7Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 2002. Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual

Conference Session

Curriculum Development in MFG ET

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Mitch Keil; Sam Ramrattan; Jorge Rodriguez; Alamgir Choudhury

Foundrymen's Society, Inc., Des Plains, IL 1989.BiographiesSAM N. RAMRATTANAssociate Professor in the Industrial and Manufacturing Department at Western Michigan University, and KeyProfessor for the Foundry Education Foundation (FEF). He received his Post Doc. in Plastic/Composite Engineeringfrom Iowa State University/Ames Lab,and his P.h.D. in Industrial Technology from Iowa State University. His areasof interest are Metal Casting and Process Improvement.JORGE RODRIGUEZAssociate Professor in the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Co-Director of the Center for Page 9.161.6Integrated Design, and Research Associate

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Sean DiBartolo; Linfield Brown; Chris Swan

have their work evaluated bypractitioners rather than faculty. In addition, they are encouraged to confront the interplaybetween various technical and non-technical factors that must be considered to achieve a feasibleand successful design.The WERC contest has been incorporated into the senior capstone design experience for studentsin the Tufts ABET-accredited BSCE and BSEvE programs. The contest has also provided avenue for non-engineering students from the liberal arts college to participate in and contribute toan upper level engineering course (for academic credit). We have found this to be an enrichingexperience for both the engineering and non-engineering students participating in the contest.In this paper we reflect upon the involvement

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Matthew Ohland; Cynthia Finelli

minority students (mostly black) wereagain found to receive lower ratings and give higher ratings than non-minority students. (“L&OI” refers to this study.) In an effort to eliminate the observed racial bias, the instrument for peerevaluation and the administration of it were modified in the present study and in a second study Page 6.778.1by Layton and Ohland (The study parameters for the second study by Layton and Ohland (“L&O Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ? 2001, American Society for Engineering EducationII”) are included in

Conference Session

Materials Division (MATS) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yljing Stehle, Union College

Tagged Divisions

Materials Division (MATS)

interaction. A half-open-endedproblem is particularly suitable for materials science labs where students are often required toaddress engineering problems from a materials aspect. Not only does it require students tointegrate knowledge and experience from different courses to understand real-world problems,but it also demands the use of multiple characterization technologies to comprehend a material.Specifically, conversation with chat GPT is allowed and encouraged in this stage of the lab.The materials science lab is materials-based, and the materials of faculty research are chosenfor lab modification. One of the primary distinctions lies in the evolution of the lab's objectives. Instead ofsolely focusing on familiarizing students with

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laurie Sutch, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

development, technology and campus collaboration, as well as developing leadership skills. She participated in the CLIR/EDUCAUSE Leading Change Institute in 2014. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Professional Competency Development Through Reflection (Work-in-Progress)IntroductionStudents attend college for a variety of reasons - particularly for engineering undergraduates, it isto learn the technical skills that will form the knowledge base they will use throughout theirentire careers. However - whether they know it or not - they are also gaining non-technical,professional skills through their experiences both inside and outside of the classroom

Conference Session

Embedded System Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Firas Hassan, Ohio Northern University; Srinivasa Vemuru, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-2266: INTRODUCING HYBRID DESIGN APPROACH AT THEUNDERGRADUATE LEVELFiras Hassan, Ohio Northern University Dr. Firas Hassan is an assistant professor at Ohio Northern University. He finished his PhD studies at The University of Akron and worked for one year as a visiting professor. His area of research is hardware implementation of real-time embedded image processing algorithmsSrinivasa Vemuru, Ohio Northern University Srinivasa Vemuru obtained his bachelors and masters degrees in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras in 1984 and 1986, respectively. He received his PhD from the University of Toledo in 1991. From 1991-2001 he served as faculty member in

Conference Session

Innovations in First Year Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zane Mitchell, University of Southern Indiana; Marco Lara Gracia, University of Southern Indiana; Ronald Diersing, University of Southern Indiana; Glen Kissel, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

attitudes. A departmental strategyfor continuation of this program after expiration of the grant will also be explored.IntroductionAt the University of Southern Indiana (USI), and throughout the nation, post-secondary science,technology, engineering, and math (STEM) programs are having difficulty with the recruitingand retention of students. The National Science Foundation (NSF) created the STEM TalentExpansion Program (STEP) grants to help devise ways to address these issues. USI received agrant from the NSF in 2008 to take a 4-pronged approach towards increasing the number ofSTEM graduates in our region. The funds are being used to engage STEM majors in earlyundergraduate research, to provide more intensive academic advising to at-risk STEM

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Chiang Shih

Session #1526 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC SYSTEMS LABORATORY AND THE IMPLENTATION OF LEARNING-THROUGH-TEACHING CONCEPT Chiang Shih, Patrick Hollis, and George Buzyna Department of Mechanical Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Florida A&M University and Florida State UniversityAbstract A full-scale dynamics laboratory was developed to enhance hands-on experience and fosterstrong faculty-student interaction in the teaching of the Dynamic Systems classes. To emphasizethe “seeing is believing” concept, we have

Conference Session

Unique Lab Experiments

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ron Bollick; Ajit Kelkar

also were allowed to make assumptions onmethods of failures in the joints. The students were made aware of the process used forcomparing two types of similar but differently constructed joints. The hands-on instruction anduse of the tensile and fatigue machine gave practical experience for future industry or researchwork.Bibliography1. Grob, Andreas and Dirk Niermann, 2001, Dogma Cluster 1: Joining Techniques, Center for Adhesive Bonding Technology, v1, n1, 2001: pp1-38.2. Avallone, Eugene A. and Theodore Baymeister III, 1987, Mark’s Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Ninth Edition, McGraw Hill, New York. 3. Petrie, Edward M., 2000, Handbook Of Adhesives and Sealants, McGraw Hill, New York.4. Bolick, Ronnie L., 2001

Collection

2024 ASEE-GSW

Authors

Shadi Balawi, Texas A&M University; Matt Pharr, Texas A&M University

Performance in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 23 (2014): 8410-15. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111 .7. A. Sivan, R. W. Leung, C. Woon, and D. Kember. "An Implementation of Active Learning and Its Effect on the Quality of Student Learning." Innovations in Education and Training International 37, no. 4 (2000): 381-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/135580000750052991 .8. J. Theobald Elli et al., "Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 12, pp. 6476-6483, 2020, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1916903117.9. T

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

George Stephanopoulos; Alan S. Foss

Session 3613 LEADING UNDERGRADUATES ALONG STRUCTURED PATHS TO THE BUILDING OF GOOD PROCESS MODELS Alan S. Foss1, George Stephanopoulos2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 2 Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 ABSTRACT Students are led to crafting a process model before writing any equations. This isaccomplished by leading them through a structured modeling methodology

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Joel R. TerMaat; Kristopher J. Williams; Christopher D. Wentworth

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference A cross-sectional study of undergraduates’ ethical reasoning skills at a liberal arts institution Joel R. TerMaat (1), Kristopher J. Williams (2), and Christopher D. Wentworth (1) (1) Department of Engineering and Physics, Doane University, (2) Director of Institutional Effectiveness, Doane UniversityAbstractLiberal arts institutions, given their inherent purpose, are arguably well-positioned to promotethe ethical development of science and engineering students. When assessed using the DefiningIssues Test (DIT2

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session II

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Patten, Temple University; Avi Kaplan; Ruth Ochia, Temple University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, and L. Leifer, eds., Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 62037-0_4.[5] Figliano, F. J., and Wells, J. G., 2019, “Evidencing STEM Content Knowledge Transfer: Abstraction in Technological/Engineering Design Challenges,” J. Technol. Educ., 31(1), pp. 19–41.[6] Malkiewich, L. J., and Chase, C. C., 2019, “What’s Your Goal? The Importance of Shaping the Goals of Engineering Tasks to Focus Learners on the Underlying Science,” Instr. Sci., 47(5), pp. 551–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251- 019-09493-2.[7] Perkins, D., and Salomon, G., 1999, “Transfer Of Learning,” 11.[8] Sheppard, S. D., Pellegrino, J. W., and Olds, B. M., 2008, “On Becoming a 21st Century Engineer,” J. Eng. Educ