Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

] Brathwaite, B. & Schreiber, I. Challenges for Game Designers: Non-Digital Exercises for Video Game Designers, Course Technology, 2009.[9] Coller, B. D. & Scott, M. J. Effectiveness of using a video game to teach a course in mechanical engineering, Computers & Education, 53, pp. 900 – 912, 2009.[10] Coller, B.D. A video game for teaching dynamic systems and control to mechanical engineering undergraduates, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2010.[11] Coller, B.D., Shernoff, D.J. and Strati, A.D., Measuring Engagement as Students Learn Dynamic Systems & Control with a Video Game, Advances in Engineering Education (in press).[12] Hestenes, D., Wells, M., & Swackhamer, G., Force concept inventory, The

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Hakan B. Gürocak

Session 3663 Teaching Analog And Digital Control Theory In One Course Hakan B. Gurocak Manufacturing Engineering Washington State University 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave. Vancouver, WA 98686Abstract: Today’s trend is towards a high level of manufacturing automation and design ofsmart products. All of these products or their manufacturing processes contain control systems.As indicated in a recent survey, both analog and digital control modes are used by the

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Mechanical, Materials and Fluid Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven C. Chiesa P.E., Santa Clara University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #9389Sensor-based Experimental Evaluation of Mixing Characteristics in Laboratory-scale Reactor SystemsDr. Steven C. Chiesa P.E., Santa Clara University Professor Chiesa is an associate professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Santa Clara Univer- sity. He has been teaching environmental engineering courses at the university level for over 30 years. He holds a BS degree from Santa Clara University, an MS degree from Stanford University, and a PhD degree from the University of Notre Dame. Page

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Maximus Huang; Maurizio Manzo

, there is a growing need for a substantial and skilledworkforce to ensure the maintenance and upkeep of the roads and infrastructure. The conditionsin other transportation industries, such as aviation, are similar to the FHWA. According to theU.S. Department of Transportation statistics, employment in the transportation and warehousingsector increased to 6.7 million workers in 2022, up by 8.2 percent from 2021 [4]. Employmentamong civil engineers will increase by 11% between 2016 to 2026.However, university enrollment trends suggest that growth in degrees in civil engineering willfall short of the projected 11% [5]. To address this issue and to ensure a prosperous future for thetransportation industry and its various components, it is imperative

Conference Session

Mathematics: Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida; Cynthia Young, University of Central Florida; Cherie Geiger, University of Central Florida; Scott Hagen, University of Central Florida; Chris Parkinson, University of Central Florida; Alison Morrison-Shetlar, University of Central Florida; Tace Crouse, University of Central Florida; Paula Krist, University of Central Florida; Pat Lancey, University of Central Florida; Melissa Dagley-Falls, University of Central Florida; Pat Ramsey, University of Central Florida; Dahlia Forde, University of Central Florida; Anna Koufakou, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

the prestigious induction into the Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2007. She has published over 45 journal articles and reviewed proceedings and presented at over 100 conferences and institutions. She served as the President of the Florida Academy of Sciences for three years and as Associate Chair of the Chemistry Department at UCF for over three years.Scott Hagen, University of Central Florida Scott C. Hagen received his Ph.D. in 1998 from the University of Notre Dame, where he studied under Joannes J. Westerink. Dr. Hagen is presently an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Central Florida and is a registered Professional Engineer with the State of

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Enbody

Session 2532 A Virtual University CS1Course as a Platform for Web-based Education Experimentation Richard J. Enbody Department of Computer Science & Engineering Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226AbstractWe have developed a version of our CS1 course for Michigan State University’s web-basedVirtual University. This section was designed as an experimental platform for web-baseddistance education. We use locally developed Sync-O-Matic 3000 software to deliver aRealVideo streaming video lecture synchronized with PowerPoint

Conference Session

Research Methodologies – Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine G. P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Paper ID #36928Synthesizing Indicators of Quality across Traditions of NarrativeResearch MethodsMr. Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University Fourth-year doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University in the mechanical engineering department. Member of the Engineering Cognitive Research Laboratory (ECRL). Current research topics include grad- uate school attrition and persistence.Catherine G. P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University Catherine G.P. Berdanier is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Penn- sylvania State University. She earned her B.S. in Chemistry from The

Collection

2021 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Conference

Authors

Abdelrahman Elleithy, William Paterson University

and as a lecturer of the same department from September 2016 to June 2017. Dr. Elleithy received the BS, MS, and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from the University of Bridge- port in 2007, 2008 and 2013 respectively. Dr. Elleithy is a member of the technical program committees of many international conferences. He served as a member of the technical program committee of the Annual International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering virtual conferences 2010 – 2014 and the technical program committee of 2016 Annual IEEE Connecticut Conference on Industrial Electronics, Technology & Automation. Dr. Elleithy is a member of several technical and honorary

Conference Session

Investigating Alternative-energy Concepts

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith Coogler, Sam Houston State University; Dominick Fazarro, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

intended to be a completelyself sufficient, energy efficient, ambient energy powered that intended to generate enough energyto power the house appliances. A self powered and energy efficient house idea was investigatedto explore ways to convert environmental sustainable energy sources into electrical energy.Students from different major disciplines (construction management, design development,electronics, industrial management, industrial technology and engineering) were encouraged toparticipate in this project. The team leader (advisor) had set up meetings to organize workingschedules, prepare progress reports, and define tasks used in conducting the research project.The Technology Building at _____ State University having, all necessary

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Smaill, University of Auckland; Gerard Rowe, University of Auckland; Elizabeth Godfrey, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2009-950: HOW MUCH DO THEY REALLY UNDERSTAND? ANENTRY-LEVEL TEST ON ELECTRICITY AND ELECTROMAGNETICSChris Smaill, University of Auckland Dr Chris Smaill holds a Ph.D. in engineering education from Curtin University of Technology, Australia, and degrees in physics, mathematics and philosophy from the University of Auckland. For 27 years he taught physics and mathematics at high school level, most recently as Head of Physics at Rangitoto College, New Zealand's largest secondary school. This period also saw him setting and marking national examinations, training high-school teachers, and publishing several physics texts. Since the start of 2002 he has lectured in the Department of Electrical &

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Focusing on Student Success

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie C.T. Van Tyne, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

learning.Dr. Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa D. McNair is a Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she also serves as Director of the Center for Research in SEAD Education at the Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology (ICAT). Her research interests include interdisciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include exploring disciplines as cultures, liberatory maker spaces, and a RED grant to increase pathways in ECE for the professional formation of engineers. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Testing a Reflective

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Facilitating Student Success and Inclusion

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Linda Vanasupa, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Linda Vanasupa has been a professor of materials engineering at the California Polytechnic State Uni- versity since 1991. She also serves as co-director of the Center for Sustainability in Engineering at Cal Poly. Her life’s work is focused on creating ways of learning, living and being that are alternatives to the industrial era solutions–alternatives that nourish ourselves, one another and the places in which we live. Her Ph.D. and M.S. degrees are in materials science and engineering from Stanford University and her B.S. degree in metallurgical engineering from the Michigan Technological University. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016

Conference Session

Creating 'Materials' Awareness

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Genalo, Iowa State University; Scott Chumbley, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

demonstrations that appeal to K-12 students of allages. Since atoms are first learned about early in elementary school, students can relate tothe demonstrations as long as the presenter adjusts the vocabulary of the talk and targetsthe audience in selecting applications to discuss.References Cited 1. Rising Above The Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century: An Agenda for American Science and Technology, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, The National Academies Press, 2006. 2. Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release 2000-2010 employment projection. 3. Kapur

Conference Session

Clearing up Student Misconceptions in Materials

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Kelly, Arizona State University; Keith Heinert, Arizona State University; Jessica Triplett, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

AC 2010-1156: UNCOVERING AND REPAIRING ATOMIC BONDINGMISCONCEPTIONS WITH MULTIMODAL ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTUNDERSTANDING IN AN INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS COURSEJacquelyn Kelly, Arizona State University Jacquelyn Kelly, Arizona State University Jacquelyn Kelley has an M.S. in Materials Science and is a Ph.D. student in the College of Education at Arizona State University. Her BS degree is in Physics and Chemistry. Her principle research areas are inquiry-based learning and development and assessment of inquiry-based modules in materials science and engineering. She teaches physics, chemistry and mathematics in a local arts high school.Keith Heinert, Arizona State University Keith Heinert is an

Conference Session

Issues and Solutions in Mathematics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Grossfield, Vaughn College of Aeronautics

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

immediately confronted by the students and should be treated as research.The engineering and technology communities who see declining enrollments may welcome anyimprovement in the conventional introduction of mathematics. The grade school students,teachers, and even parents might welcome having more understandable texts and activities. Themathematicians who seem to have spearheaded the last reforms are not going to surrender,easily, the verbiage and truths that they so painfully mastered in their graduate schools. Themathematicians have too large an investment in the art of proof and in the status quo. However,ultimately and unfortunately it is the mathematics faculty who select the textbooks. If we careabout increasing enrollments then we, the

Collection

2007 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Joseph J. Rencis; Sachin Terdalkar

, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006. 9. Potts, J.F. and Oler, J.W., Finite Element Applications with Microcomputers, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989, p. 132, pp. 88-90. 10. ANSYS, Inc., Southpointe, 275 Technology Drive, Canonsburg, PA, http://www.ansys.com/. 11. Cook, R.D., Malkus, D.S., Plesha, M.E. and Witt, R.J., Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 2002, pp. 116-117. 12. Spyrakos, C.C., Finite Element Modeling in Engineering Practice, Algor Publishing Division, Pittsburg, PA, 1996, pp. 29-32. 13. Brebbia, C.A. and Dominguez, J., Boundary Elements: An Introductory Course, Computational

Collection

2007 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Fani Zlatarova

enjoyed the talks of the keynotespeakers:▪ The Range of the IT Field and Where We All Fit In, Gerald Engel, Leonhardt Professor of CS and Engineering, University of Connecticut, CT, and IEEE Computer Society 2005 President▪ Bioinformatics: A Recipe for Inter-Disciplinary Collaboration, Paul Tymann, Associate Professor of CS at the Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, and ACM SIGCSE Symposium 2005 Program Co- Chair and ACM SIGCSE Symposium 2006 Co-Chair▪ Navigating NASA: How to Find Information in a Labyrinth of 2.5+ Million Web Pages?, Dennis Christopher, Senior Support Scientist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MD▪ ENIAC: Dawn of the Age of Information, Paul Shaffer, Curator of the ENIAC Museum at the University of

Collection

ASEE-NE 2022

Authors

Rithvik Rao Katikaneni, Northeastern University; Matteo Farah; Carlos Mario Martinez, Northeastern University; Kabato Burka; TOBECHUKWU CHIGOZIRIM ANIAGBOSO, Northeastern University; Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University

Paper ID #35930Heat Energy Harnessing via Seebeck GeneratorsMr. Rithvik Rao Katikaneni, Northeastern University First Year Mechanical Engineering StudentMatteo FarahCarlos Mario Martinez, Northeastern University First-year Bioengineering studentMr. Kabato ButkaTOBECHUKWU CHIGOZIRIM ANIAGBOSO, Northeastern UniversityProf. Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University Bala Maheswaran, PhD Northeastern University College of Engineering 367 Snell Engineering Center Boston, MA 02115 American c Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Heat Energy Harnessing via

Conference Session

Investigations Using Calculus Courses

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University

Daniel Raviv College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University Emails: ravivd@fau.eduAbstract A growing number of students have difficulties connecting mathematical principles toreal life. In addition, as technology brings about a paradigm shift in the way people perceive andlearn new information, students become more sidetracked, as their attention span has becomeshorter. They also prefer more visual and intuitive explanations of the material. This suggest thatadditional teaching methods should be explored to adjust to students' new styles of learning. This paper describes several illustrative examples aimed at aiding in comprehension ofthe concept of limit. The

Conference Session

Novel Measurement Experiments

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seyed Allameh, Northern Kentucky University; Tom Ogonek Ogonek, Northern Kentucky University; Paul Cooper, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

and Manufacturing Engineering Technology of the Physics department of the Northern Kentucky University. He also serves as the general manageer of Alternative Plastics located in Erlanger KY. In the past he has worked in a microbiology lab as a research assitant and in a pharmacutical company as a control technician.Paul Cooper, Northern Kentucky University Paul Cooper is the interim chair of Department of Technology and an Associate Professor of Construction Management at Northern Kentucky University. He obtained his B.S. from Southwest Missouri State University; M.S. from Murray State University and his Doctoral candidacy in Adult and Continuing Education from University of North Texas; He

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Elmer A. Grubbs

Session 2348 CENT 354 - Computer Architecture - A Project Class Using Cooperative Learning Elmer A. Grubbs The University of Southern ColoradoINTRODUCTIONCENT 354, a junior level course in the Electronic Engineering Technology (EET) and ComputerEngineering Technology (CENT) department at the University of Southern Colorado, has beentaught once a year for the last eight years. In its present form, it includes a substantial project,which involves building a four bit microprocessor using a XILINX XC3000 series integratedcircuit and some external circuitry

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Lindquist, Arizona State University; Harry Koehnemann, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

2006-1875: LESSONS LEARNED CREATING A LAPTOP POLICY FORCOMPUTING PROGRAMSHarry Koehnemann, Arizona State UniversityTimothy Lindquist, Arizona State University Page 11.883.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Lessons Learned Creating a Laptop Policy for Computing ProgramsAbstractThe Division of Computing Studies at Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus is inthe process of instituting a laptop requirement policy for undergraduate and graduate students.The paper describes the motivation and rationale for this policy, the information gathered duringthe feasibility study, and finally the policy itself as well as a

Collection

2010 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Bahar Zoghi Moghadam

design and Delivery” Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley, 2005 8. Levine, A.D., and T. Asano, “Recovering sustainable water from wastewater”, Environmental Science and Technology, 38,201A-208A,2004 9. Mihelcic,J.R and J.B.Zimmerman, Environmental Engineering: Fundamentals, Sustainability and design, New York: John Wiley, 2008 10. Otterpohl, R., U.Braun, and M.Oldenburg, “Innovative technologies for decentralized water, wastewater and biowaste management in urban and peri-urban areas”, Water Science and Technology, 48, 23-32, 2003 11. P.T.Anastas and J.B.Zimmerman, the twelve principals of green building, Environmental science and Technology, 38, 94A-101A, 2003 12. U.S. Green Buildings Council, LEED Rating System

Collection

2010 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Bahar Zoghi Moghadam

design and Delivery” Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley, 2005 8. Levine, A.D., and T. Asano, “Recovering sustainable water from wastewater”, Environmental Science and Technology, 38,201A-208A,2004 9. Mihelcic,J.R and J.B.Zimmerman, Environmental Engineering: Fundamentals, Sustainability and design, New York: John Wiley, 2008 10. Otterpohl, R., U.Braun, and M.Oldenburg, “Innovative technologies for decentralized water, wastewater and biowaste management in urban and peri-urban areas”, Water Science and Technology, 48, 23-32, 2003 11. P.T.Anastas and J.B.Zimmerman, the twelve principals of green building, Environmental science and Technology, 38, 94A-101A, 2003 12. U.S. Green Buildings Council, LEED Rating System

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 5

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nivedita Kumar, Florida International University; Stephen Secules, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

generalizability.Data Collection and ContextRachel is a Hispanic woman pursuing an undergraduate degree in Computer Science atSoutheastern Public University (SPU), a Hispanic Serving Institution in the Southeastern UnitedStates. She is one of the participants admitted into a Scholarship and Support Program (SSP), anNSF S-STEM [18] program at SPU, launched in September 2021 as a collaborative scholarshipand educational research effort at three public research universities in the Southeast UnitedStates. The program is designed to support lower-income students pursuing a degree in acomputing field, including computer science, information technology, cybersecurity, andcomputer engineering, through scholarship and a variety of co-curricular activities, including

Conference Session

COED Programming Education 2: Instructional Approaches

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Morrison, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

thought, computer engineering as the development ofdecision machines that effectively implement those algorithmic principles, and programming as theprocess of using the theory of thought to conduct the decision machine.Stevie Wonder was leveraging all three paradigms when he recorded albums in TONTO during his“Classic Period”. He was using a computing machine and his study of the science of harmony inconcert, just as Ada Lovelace envisioned, which we may consider as a form of musical computingscience. He worked with Cecil and Margouleff to modify TONTO’s wiring to perform analogmodulation to maximize the “funkiness” of his sound, which can be a musical computerengineering. By leveraging the technology of TONTO to overlay and compose melodies, he

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 3: Working in Teams

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bankole Kolawole Fasanya, Purdue University Northwest; Masoud Fathizadeh P.E., Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Senior Research Associate (Auditory Protection and Prevention - US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker Alabama), Joint Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering Technology and Built Environment at North Caro- line Agricultural and Technical State University, as a visiting professor at University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Industrial and Production Engineering Department, as a research assistant with Dr. Denise Tucker at University of North Carolina Greensboro in the Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, School of Health and Human Science, as a Facilities Engineer at Maryland Motor Vehicle Administra- tion Glenn Burnie. Dr. Fasanya holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering

Conference Session

DSA Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Safia Malallah, Kansas State University; Ejiro U Osiobe, Baker University; Zahraa Marafie, Kuwait University; Patricia Henriquez-Coronel; Lior Shamir, Kansas State University; Ella Lucille Carlson, Kansas State University; Joshua Levi Weese, Kansas State University

Tagged Topics

Data Science & Analytics Constituent Committee (DSA)

, Baker University .Zahraa Marafie, Kuwait UniversityPatricia Henriquez-CoronelLior Shamir, Kansas State University Associate professor of computer science at Kansas State University.Ella Lucille Carlson, Kansas State UniversityJoshua Levi Weese, Kansas State University Dr. Josh Weese is a Teaching Assistant Professor at Kansas State University in the department of Computer Science. Dr. Weese joined K-State as faculty in the Fall of 2017. He has expertise in data science, software engineering, web technologies, computer science education research, and primary and secondary outreach programs. Dr. Weese has been a highly active member in advocating for computer science education in Kansas including PK-12 model standards

Conference Session

Examining "Big" Data

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Issam Wajih Damaj, American University of Kuwait; Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

concerned withEngineering, Engineering Technology, Computing, and Applied Science. Damaj et al.10promoted for a new perspective that serves quality education and covers wide aspects related toLeadership and Governance. The developments touched at critical current challenges forleadership and governance through a carefully developed set of measurable indicators, such as,investment in quality education, handling the effect of change of people in positions, etc.; allwithin an SoTE framework.As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, higher education is witnessing an increasedneed and demand for effective program assessment frameworks. Typically, the demand comes inconjunction with pursuit for internal improvement or external programmatic

Conference Session

Project-based and Cooperative Learning in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Ann Rursch, Iowa State University; Douglas W. Jacobson, Iowa State University; Matthew Edward Sullivan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-3167: INFORMATION ASSURANCE STUDENT GROUP: HOWTO TURN A CLUB INTO A VALUABLE LEARNING EXPERIENCE FORSTUDENTSDr. Julie Ann Rursch, Iowa State University Julie A. Rursch is currently is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Iowa State University. She will graduate with a degree in computer engineering with a focus on secure computing. Her research includes a unique approach to critical infrastructure modeling which provides emergency planners and first responders with resilient and flexible critical infrastructure evaluation in the face of non-recurrent, disruptive events. Her approach creates a new paradigm for modeling critical infrastructure sectors, analyzing real