Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alhaji Cherif, Cornell University; Gary Fleming, University of Maryland; Siaka Kroma, Cornell University

. The American Heritage: Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company (2004, 2000).4. Bretscher, Otto. (2005). Linear Algebra with Applications, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.The following literatures were consulted before the project was undertaking5. Borasi, Raffaella, and Marjorie Siegel. (2000) Reading Counts: Expanding the Role of Reading in Mathematics Classroom. Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. Page 12.1304.166. Edwina Michener. (1978) Understanding mathematics. Cognitive Science.7. Evan, J. (1999) Building Bridges: Reflections

Conference Session

Learning from Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Thornton, University of Maryland; Jacqueline Rogers, University of Maryland (Retired); Nathan Myers, University of Maryland; Monica Neukomm, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

years teaching fourth grade in Baltimore as a Teach for America corps member. After her teaching commitment, she moved to the American Institutes for Research where she worked with Department of Education clients on several research and evaluation projects. Monica holds a B.A. in Business Administration from the University of Oregon Page 13.668.2© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 HILLMAN ENTREPRENEURS PROGRAM - CHALLENGES, IMPACT ON A DIVERSE POPULATION, AND EARLY OUTCOMESAbstractThe University of Maryland (UM), Prince George’s Community

Conference Session

Physics Education Research (PER) Relevant for Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjay Rebello, Kansas State University; Lili Cui, University of Maryland Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

examples, although theycovered the same concepts. Again, students pointed to the lack of concrete examples in physicsas making it more difficult to apply what they had learned in physics to engineering. In additionto the differences between the types of problems that students were asked to point out, at leastone student strongly alluded to what he believed to be another important difference, i.e. thedifference in the culture of the two disciplines. He went on to point out that in their engineeringcourses students were often required to work on projects in small groups. Thus they developed asense of camaraderie which helped them get together to solve problems and prepare for the classin general. He contrasted this with his experiences in physics

Conference Session

Student Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer VanAntwerp, Calvin College; Rachel Reed, Calvin College; Crystal Bruxvoort, Calvin College; Neil Carlson, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University in 2004. Research methods, technology and project management are central to his work, along with substantive interest in social capital, organizational politics and collective decision-making. The CSR recently completed data collection for the Kent County Congregations Study, a mixed-mode survey of the leaders of 583 local religious congregations. Page 13.522.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Engineer ing Student Retention: Development of a Validated, Quantitative Instr ument for Explor ing the Role of Per sonal and

Conference Session

Innovative Programs - Structure, Delivery, Evaluation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dirk Schaefer, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tristan Utschig, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

writing, working with projects, media,e-learning, and computer aided technologies and an elective module from additional topics.The basic curriculum comprises of a minimum of 204 sessions covering the following subjects: ‚ Engineering education (36 sessions) ‚ Engineering education practice (36 sessions) ‚ Educational technology (at least 12 sessions) ‚ Laboratory didactics (at least 12 sessions) ‚ Comprehensible text creation (at least 16 sessions) ‚ Rhetoric (at least 12 sessions) ‚ Communication and discussion training (at least 32 sessions) Page 13.96.9 ‚ Selected principles of psychology (at least 16 sessions) ‚ Selected

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 2

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristyn Jackson, Stanford University; Tori Bailey, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen Chen, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

.] http://www.pge.utexas.edu/current/newbsms.cfm.7. Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century, ISGN 0-309,09649-9,2005.8. J. Duderstadt, Engineering for a Changing World: A Roadmap to the Future of Engineering Practice, Research,and Education, The Millennium Project, The University of Michigan, Draft 8.0, Dec, 2007.9. S. Sheppard, C.J. Atman, R. Stevens, L. Fleming, R. Streveler., R.S. Adams, T. Barker, Studying the engineeringexperience: Design of a longitudinal Study. In Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering EducationAnnual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2004.10. M. Clark, S.D. Sheppard, C.J. Atman, L. Fleming, R. Miller, R. Stevens, R. Streveler, “Academic PathwaysStudy: Processes and

Conference Session

Learning about Electric Energy Conversion

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Skvarenina, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2008-1075: USING INEXPENSIVE A.C. MOTOR DRIVES IN ANINTRODUCTORY POWER AND CONTROLS COURSETimothy Skvarenina, Purdue University Tim Skvarenina was born in Chicago, Illinois. He received the BSEE and MSEE degrees from the Illinois Institute of Technology and the Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Purdue University. During his college career he worked four summers at U.S. Steel as an assistant electrician, rewinding motors and installing electrical equipment. He served 21 years in the U.S. Air Force, including six years designing, constructing, and inspecting electric power distribution projects for a variety of facilities. He spent five years teaching and researching pulsed power systems

Conference Session

Problem Solving and Misconceptions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Verleger, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

interested in the innovations of biomedical science. Recently a physicistfrom University of Alabama, Birmingham accidentally produced smooth diamond. The array ofdiamond created was smooth and adhered very easily to metal. Because diamond is durable, itmakes a very good candidate for coating artificial hip replacements. The current coatings weardown or loosen from constant use after about 10 years, which could mean more surgery for therecipient. The diamond coating is projected to last around 40 years which would improve thecomfort and health of the patient.Liguore Laboratories would like to expand our product line to include diamond coatings for hipjoints. The research laboratory is working on replicating the smooth diamonds. In order for

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

realized in quality ofteaching and learning through the facilitation of access to educational resources and services, aswell as remote exchanges and collaboration. Students indicated that they would like to see use ofthese techniques in other classes as well.AcknowledgmentsThe author gratefully acknowledges the generous support received from Prof. ConstantinChassapis, Director of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Stevens Institute ofTechnology. Thanks also to the members of the ITR-Group, especially Prof. Sven K. Esche.References[1] Esche, S., K., (2002), “Project-Based Learning (PBL) in a course on mechanisms and machine dynamics”, World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 201-204.[2] Caballero, A. A

Conference Session

The Academic Environment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa McClain, Boise State University; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Recruitment and Retention of Women Faculty in the Sciences and Engineering: Applying a Business Model to a University. http://websites.usu.edu/advance/Document/index.asp?Parent=62938 Thom, Mary. (2001). Balancing the Equation: Where are Women and Girls in Science, Engineering and Technology? New York: National Council for Research on Women. Chapter 3.9 Sandler, Bernice R. (1992). Success and Survival Strategies for Women Faculty Members, Association of American Colleges and Universities, Washington, DC.10 Astin, H.S., Antonio, A.L., Cress, C.M., and Astin, A.W. (1997). Race and Ethnicity in the American Professoriate, 1995-96. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute.11 Cress, C. (2001). The Millennium Project

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; Timothy Newby, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

required. After interacting forabout 20 minutes, the full class reassembled and each team shared their work with the rest of theclass. They presented the results by each member of the team pointing in the scale projected onthe blackboard, different positions of their set of objects that composed their proportionalanalogy. Immediately after that, the instrument was administered. The researchers carried out thecorresponding analysis and evaluation. Page 13.1063.9The other science class did not received additional formal training other than that delivered aspart of the common instruction based on measurements and powers of ten. In addition, these

Collection

2003 GSW

Authors

P. S. Shiakolas; R. VanSchneck; D. Piyabongkarn; I. Frangeskou

theneed to rebuild and re-download the model to the target.The host computer used in this project is a Pentium 233 MHz with 96 MB RAM, runningWindows 98 and the suite of required software: MATLAB 6.1, Simulink 4.1, Control SystemToolbox 5.1, Neural Network Toolbox 4.0, xPC Target 1.2, Real-Time Workshop 3.01, andMicrosoft Visual C++ 6.0. The target computer is a Pentium 166 MHz with 96 MB RAM andthe DAQ card. Host Computer Target Computer Software Software Windows Real- Time Operating System MATLAB/SIMULINK MATLAB/Simulink XPC-target Kernel

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Scott T. Lovald; Tariq Khraishi; Juan Heinrich; Howard Yonas; Christophe Taylor

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cordelia Brown, Purdue University; Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University; David Meyer, Purdue University; Mark C Johnson, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

technology in education; more recent research contributions include papers on learning outcome assessment in both lower-division core courses and in senior-level capstone design courses.Mark C Johnson, Purdue University Mark C. Johnson is the Lab Manager for Digital and Systems Laboratories at Purdue University. He is a Ph.D. graduate of Purdue University in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). He supervises the ASIC Design Lab, Computer Architecture Prototyping Lab, and Software Engineering Tools Lab. He also co-advises project teams in Digital Systems Senior Design. He supports and maintains many of the electronic design automation tools used in ECE, and is involved in the

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, University of Virginia; Randy Bell, University of Virginia; Larry Richards, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

14.531.16Figure 7. Estimated marginal means for all three classes: Pretest and posttest scores on ATESFigure 8 also illustrates how students in each class performed on the Attitudes towardEngineering Survey both pre- and posttest.Figure 8. Pre- and posttest scores on Attitude toward Engineering Survey.The very small difference in attitudes toward engineering could have occurred in the Controlclass for a number of factors. Students in other classes could have told them about their class Page 14.531.17activities. Students could have picked up some engineering from a final project called ExcellentEnergy, where students studied insulation used for homes and

Conference Session

LABVIEW-Based Experiments and Robotics Laboratory

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olawale Akinwale, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawrence Kehinde, Texas Southern University; Kayode P. Ayodele, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; A. M. Jubril, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olutola. P. Jonah, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Soji Ilori, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

haptic feedback to the user 17 and minimizing simulations which could give studentsthe feel of being in a virtual laboratory instead of an online laboratory.References 1. Trevelyan, J. (2004). "Lessons Learned from 10 Years Experience with Remote Laboratories”. International Conference on Engineering Education and Research “Progress Through Partnership”, Ostrava, ISSN 1562-3580 2. Harjono (2001). Telelabs Project: Online Temperature Control Laboratory. Mechatronics Engineering Honors Thesis. University of Western Australia. 3. Casini M., Prattichizzo D. and Vicino A. (2001). The Automatic Control Telelab: A Remote Control Engineering Laboratory. Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

Conference Session

Exemplary Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Macon Beck, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue Universtiy; Teri Reed-Rhoads, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

the 2005 science test scores showed no improvement since 2000 when82% of twelfth graders performed below the proficient level6,7. Science, technology,engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are expected to increase in the number of neededpositions during the 2000-2010 period, while graduates with engineering degrees over this sametime period are expected to remain stable2. The number of students graduating with anengineering degree is not the only concern, but the diversity of these graduates is also a concern.There is a documented lack of diversity and shortage of students entering the STEMfields8,9,10,11.The projected workforce needs necessitate a substantial increase in the number of well-preparedstudents, particularly female and under

Conference Session

Programs That Serve Industry and Academia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Wittenborn, Boeing Company; Michael Richey, Boeing Company; John Paredes, Boeing Company; Daniel Schrage, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dale Atkins, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

responsible for leading cross-organizational teams e.g., academic, government and industry, and approving products for technical feasibility and business project consistency. This includes learning science research, including the application of immersive and cognitive learning theories into academic and industrial settings. Michael holds a Masters degree in International Business from the Ecole Superieure De Commerce De Lille and is currently pursuing a PhD in Organizations and Innovation: Understanding internal and external dynamics of networks at stake using a Complex Adaptive Systems perspective. Michael often represents Boeing internationally and domestically as a speaker

Conference Session

Mathematics: Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Doug Bullock, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Yuguang Ban, Boise State University; Alison Ahlgren, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

is a slight positive trend,indicated with a dashed trendline. The effect of ALEKS in fall 2008 is a barely perceptiblebump above the projected trend. This fails to control for any factors except the historical trend.In particular, it does not attempt to control for influence of individual instructors. Figure 5: Pass Rates 70 65 60 Precalculus Percent Calculus 55 Calc w/ALEKS

Conference Session

Our Future in Manufacturing: STEM Outreach

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Winston Erevelles, Robert Morris University; Jennifer Parsons, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

gave them the background to create their own animatronic model. The Animatronics campcurriculum covered the following topics: Introduction to Robotics and Animatronics,Engineering and Product Design and Development, Project Management and Teamwork Basics,Concept Development and Artistic Design, Modeling/Prototyping, Mechanism Design andAssembly, Electricity and Electronics Basics, Costuming and Integration, and Animatronics inEntertainment or Daily Life.The interaction with the “real world” through company tours was a significant feature of thecamps. The Animatronics camp toured The Creegan Company’s “Animation Factory” inSteubenville, Ohio. Creegan’s motto is “We make things move” and this family owned andoperated company is the nation’s

Conference Session

Exploring Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeong Hwan Choi, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Jacob Marszalek, University of Missouri, Kansas City; Joyce Lee, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Susan Linnemeyer, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

enroll due to scheduling conflicts.The SAGE program includes: • Mentors who meet with the enrollees weekly, • Seminars on academic success skills and engineering careers, • Required study sessions, • Participation in Engineering Expo or Engineering Career Fair, • Exploration of resources on campus, • Weekly journals, • In-depth group project, • Required student sessions, and • Meeting with professors.B. Engineering Education Model for 1st Year Student RetentionThe problem, decreasing number of engineers, has attracted great attention from manyengineering professionals and engineering educators 1, 6, 8, 16. The reduction in the engineeringworkforce is expected to reduce

Conference Session

International Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodolfo Yzasmendi Arellano, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Lourdes Gazca, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Aurelio López-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

International

informationtechnology requirements. Furthermore, UDLAP’s Quality Enhancement Plan: EnhancingCritical Thinking Skills in Our Undergraduate Students is an integral part of our generaleducation curriculum, as well as the community service project required for every UDLAPgraduate35.UDLAP has established a general education curriculum for undergraduate students regardless oftheir major to assist them in acquiring the traits valued by UDLAP. The general educationrequirements (31.5 credits) for the undergraduate programs are published in The InstitutionalCatalog and include since fall 2006 the following:≠ Spanish: two consecutive courses (3 credits each) regarding writing and oral communication in Spanish (Thought and Language and Writing in the Professions

Conference Session

Emerging Issues in Materials Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Joanna Mirecki Millunchick, University of Michigan; Crisca Bierwert, University of Michigan; Lindsay Shuller, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Page 14.847.5in general, and whether the resource was helpful. For Fall 2007 and Fall 2008, 144 and 211students, respectively, were directed to an online survey developed in SurveyMonkey via e-mail.Prior to this research project, 10 students from Fall 2007 and 8 students from Fall 2008 hadpreviously indicated that they did not want to receive surveys from SurveyMonkey. Because ofthis limitation, we were unable to send an email to all students enrolled in the class to direct themto the survey for this research. The response rates for the surveys were 53% (76 out of 144) and68% (143 out of 211) for Fall 2007 and Fall 2008, respectively. The quantitative analysis of ourdata was the primary objective. We report descriptive statistics and provide

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Randa Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

havecontributed to this project: co-PIs for the grant – Cindy Foor, Jeanette Davidson, DeborahTrytten, Teri J. Murphy, and Teri Reed-Rhoads; current and former senior personnel - RosaCintron, Paul Rocha, Francey Freeman, Lisa Schmidt, Kimberly Rutland, Tony Lee, MayraOlivares, and Claudia Morales; current and former graduate and undergraduate students - TiffanyDavis-Blackwood, Tracie Revis, Jeff Trevillion, Van Ha, Quintin Hughes, Bach Do, Yi Zhao,Ben Lopez, Johanna Rojas, Lauren Rieken, Anna Wong Lowe, Brittany Shanel Norwood,Sedelta Oosahwee, Tyler Combrink, Ruth Moaning, William Stephen Anderson, Ginger Murray,Andres Guerrero, Monica Flippin-Wynn, Mario Franklin, Joshua Rogers, Wen-Yu Chao, and

Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; R. William Graff; B.Kyun Lee, Le Tourneau University; Martin Batts, Le Tourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

morally deep ethics must substitute “the benefit of the environment”or “the benefit of the integrated community” for “the benefit of mankind.” Many engineers faceissues of public safety, honest reporting, and conflict of interest. Relatively few will be requiredto consider the broadest aspects of the environment.Catalano provides an example of identifying the integral community in an engineering decision.The scenario involves a project in the area around White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico:“Johnson would challenge us to first identify all the members of the community. For thisexample a listing would include the following: • Wolves • Prey animals including domestic sheep and cattle as well as deer, rabbits, coyotes,and others • Desert lands

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

particular strengths at institutionsthat allowed students to change advisers at the students’ request.17,18,19,20,21In the area of research participation and classroom experiences, NASA examined whetherstudents were treated differently or otherwise limited in program participation on the basis ofgender, and assessed the overall learning environment. The agency praised practices that allowedstudents to select their own project teams, along with practices that paid attention to whetherwomen were isolated on teams or respected in leadership roles. Reviewers heard concerns about Page 14.629.9classroom examples or research equipment more geared toward

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Cases and Models

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anuradha Basu, San Jose State University; Minnie Patel, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

problem that needs resolution and action. It puts the students in the manager’s shoes,which increases their involvement in the case1.It is common practice to understand the need of the customers before starting a project. Theliterature on writing a teaching case recommends thinking about or understanding the needs ofthe customer – the student – in terms of what theories will be conveyed or taught through thecase, how it will fit into the course, and how the instructor will use it for teaching purposes. Anextensive amount of effort is spent on identifying a case that will meet the requirements of theinstructor. Once the case is identified, the instructor needs to see if the case is sufficientlyinteresting and rich in terms of the contextual

Conference Session

Programmatic Issues in Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa Larkin, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

, students are able to perform a number of interactive, hands-on,investigative activities. While this approach has been ongoing at American University for thepast decade, many other universities are now seeing the benefits of an integrated, active-learningformat for introductory physics instruction [25]. Numerous interactive projects have been developed for the PNM course. For example,students explore the topics of electricity & magnetism by constructing electric circuits andbuilding their own individual battery-operated motors. Students also dissect an incandescentbulb and learn how a 3-way bulb is configured. Figure 1 shows a typical scene during the

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Krantz, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

to leave industry and pursue an academiccareer. He is now a very successful professor at a major university and very active in ASEE! Page 14.1041.13However, finding a replacement is unnecessary if one is involved in collaborative researchprojects. For the past 25 years, the author has always worked collaboratively with other facultyon his research projects. Hence, when he elected to take a SAL, there was always someone to fillin for him. The Information Age has also made keeping up with one’s research program mucheasier. The author kept in regular contact with his graduate students and faculty colleagues viautilities such as Skype® and Yahoo

Conference Session

Modeling Student Data

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian Nicholls, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 14.966.1516 National Center for Education Statistics, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, Project Officers: Peggy Quinn and Jeffrey T. Owings (Washington, DC), http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/nels88/index.asp.17 Allison, Paul D., Survival Analysis Using SAS: A Practical Guide, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1995, pages 61- 109. Page 14.966.16