Conference Session

ECCD International Outreach

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Louie, Seattle University; Steve Szablya, Seattle University; Agnieszka Miguel, Seattle University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

anticipation of future expansion, the conductor sizingand other apparatus should be able to accommodate 100 PBKs. The final design of the energykiosk is shown in Figure 3. Page 26.1413.7 Figure 3. Final design of the energy kiosk.The refined design was used to write a Request for Proposal (RFP) from three Kenyan vendors tosupply equipment (other than the PBKs) and install the system. A core element in manydevelopment projects that are associated with a university is that the team of student volunteersdo most of the installation. Hiring a contractor to do this work is anathema to this mode ofoperation. However, the students

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramanitharan Kandiah P.E., Central State University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

could not cope with such an environment withdrew from the course. d. Comparison of the term papers of the pre-Connect2U semesters and post-Connect2U showed an increase in the diversity of the term paper topics and an improvement in the paper writing. The diversity in the topics was either due to the discussion in the “icebreaker minutes” or due to the students’ interest in choosing water topics related to their own disciplines. Table 6 provides a few term topics that the students picked related to their majors in the post-Connect2U period . The final classroom presentations by the students to their peers helped the class become informed on a variety of water issues that the instructor could not cover in the

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Douglas Edwards, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jason Freeman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brian Magerko, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tom McKlin, SageFox Consulting Group; Anna Xambo, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

gateway to better understanding how to effectively teach computing skills. Much of this work results in cutting edge digital media experiences in digital games, interactive narrative, and educational media. Dr. Magerko has been research lead on over $5 million of federally-funded research; has authored over 60 peer reviewed articles related to cognition, creativity, and computation; has had his work shown at galleries and museums internationally; and co-founded a learning environment for computer science - called EarSketch - that has been used by tens of thousands of learners worldwide.Tom McKlin, SageFox Consulting GroupDr. Anna Xambo, Georgia Institute of Technology Anna Xamb´o is a postdoctoral fellow at Center for

Conference Session

Computer-Based Learning in Chemical Engineering Courses

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashlee N. Ford Versypt, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

allof the graduate students who have taken the course have utilized LaTeX for writing their thesesor dissertations and some manuscripts.The CHE seniors who took the fall 2017 course were competent MATLAB users by the end ofthe course. MATLAB training was not formally provided in any other course in the curriculum.In senior design in Spring 2018, at least two of the students told me how they had built aMATLAB simulation for their design team to use to complete the AIChE national designcontest. All five of the students were able to help their peers with MATLAB when they used it inprocess control in Spring 2018 for a two-week course project involving using a hands-ontemperature control lab[35].Course EvaluationsThe response of faculty to the

Conference Session

PSW Section Meeting Papers - Disregard start and end time - for online paper access only

Collection

2019 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Xiaorong Zhang, San Francisco State University; Ricardo Jesus Colin, San Francisco State University; Alex David, San Francisco State University; Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Wenshen Pong P.E., San Francisco State University; Zhaoshuo Jiang P.E., San Francisco State University; Cheng Chen, San Francisco State University; Hamid Mahmoodi, San Francisco State University; Hao Jiang, San Francisco State University; Danny Daneth Ceron Garcia

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Pacific Southwest Section Meeting Paper Submissions

research experience and strengthening their confidence and interest in pursuing aSTEM profession. The program also helped the students improve their skills in teamwork, timemanagement, scientific writing, and presentation.I. IntroductionAn adequate supply of quality workers in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM) fields is vital to continued US economic growth and competitiveness [1]. Communitycolleges enroll almost half of the nation’s undergraduate students, thus their role inundergraduate STEM education is very important, especially for individuals from groupstraditionally underrepresented in the STEM field. With support from the Department ofEducation Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program (MSEIP), a

Conference Session

Insights for Teaching ECE Courses

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bridget Benson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Joseph Callenes, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Amin Malek, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

lecture and lab are combined in one course setting) that meets for 110minute time blocks, 3 times per week, for 10 weeks. The course leads students throughdesigning a 32-bit RISC-V processor in SystemVerilog (a hardware description language) andteaches students how to write assembly and C code to run on their processors. We implementedthe diversity and inclusion activities in two sections of the same course (one section had 25students while the other had 30 students) taught by the same instructor.Getting Students to Know One AnotherThere exist many ‘ice-breaker’ techniques that can help students get to know one another [17].The technique we decided to use included weekly seat rotations (so that students would sit nextto different people each week

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

William Hankley

software engineering)tools for software modeling and development, GUI (graphical user interface) design, case studiesof several kinds of software applications, writing skills, and programming assignments. Examplesystems include typical business data management software, soft real-time control of devices,direct manipulation visual models, and distributed computing. Programming is done primarilyusing Java, with some work using C++. With the foundation of object oriented structure, there islittle difficulty in using the equivalent subset of C++. The course is offered within a track ofsoftware engineering (within a computer science/ information systems curricula); however, thecourse is also taken by electrical and computer engineers and some students

Conference Session

Collaborations: International Case Studies & Exchanges

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Suzanne Scott

students with a disciplinespecific project, and emphasizes application, data analysis, and technical skill.COURSE MISSION AND STUDENT OUTCOMESIn an attempt to establish goals for the new program, a Course Mission Statement was created thatspeaks to the primary components of the program: design process, client-based projects, team skills,communications skills, graphics, and the application of technical skills necessary to the solution ofthe problem. Specific student outcomes were identified for STEPS I:• Write an effective technical memo and short engineering report for multiple audiences including a project client• Present an effective oral briefing to multiple audiences including a project client• Work in a team environment to

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Malinda Zarske, University of Colorado at Boulder; Daria Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado at Boulder

techniques associated with writing and implementingmeaningful assessment tools to gauge a class or program’s effectiveness.It also became imperative that Daria master exceptional time management skills to concurrentlyfulfill her curriculum writing (for the TeachEngineering digital library) and K-12 teachingresponsibilities, excel in her CU graduate classes and advance her mechanical engineeringresearch.K-12 Graduate Fellow Experience #2Malinda Schaefer Zarske has always had a passion for education. It was not until one day, whiletalking to other engineering graduate students, that she started thinking, “Why don’t we teachengineering in our K-12 schools? How hard would that be?” Her questions were answered when

Conference Session

Teaching Industrial Engineers Design

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Manuel Rossetti; Kellie Scheider; Richard Cassady

clarity about the customer or sponsor’s needs, and discovering corrupt data. Thestudents involved in the project must describe their qualifications and justify being awarded theirfirst choice of the projects. The students provide industry sponsors deliverables such asrecommendations, models, designs, hardware, and/or software. Grading of the projects is basedon team accomplishment, peer evaluation, written reports, and an industry sponsor evaluation ofteam performance. This paper discusses the structure, operation, and assessment of the seniorlevel Industrial Engineering Design Course within the Department of Industrial Engineering at Page

Conference Session

Innovations in Promoting Technological Literacy II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Douglass Klein, Union College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

, visually compelling format, and will givethem practice in oral expression. The seminar format of the class means that students will frequently voice their questions, andare expected to prepare for class in small in-person and online groups. In particular, studentswill frequently work in pairs, a format which offers the pedagogical advantages of groups, whileensuring participation of all (both) members.22 In addition to the motivating and creativeaspects, pairwork enables students to explore the questions they bring to class, and to try outtheir arguments on their peers. In addition to a college-wide end-of-term student course evaluation, students course areassessed using a six-point writing rubric. Because of the highly interdisciplinary

Conference Session

Ethical Issues I: Sustainability and Environmental Ethics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Spierre, Arizona State University; Elizabeth A. Martin, Arizona State University; Jathan Sadowski; Andrew Berardy, Arizona State University; Scott McClintock, Arizona State University; Shirley-Ann Augustin, Arizona State University; Nicholas Hohman; Jay George Banna Jr.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

the professional engineering codes of ethics) and theory for the particularsustainability issue and allows students to conceptualize the problem and possible solutions in anabstract way. Understanding of theory may be assessed through graded writing assignments suchas formal essays or less formal entries online (wikis, tweets, or blogs). Next, students areencouraged to experiment with game calculators to become familiar with how the game worksand to determine possible game strategies. Before playing with the entire group, students musthypothesize what will happen during game-play, and predict the level of cooperation they expectfrom their peers. This serves as an assessment tool for experimentation, as they apply theoreticalsolutions to their

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Education Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

Senior Member of IEEE and is a member of ASME, SIAM, ASEE, and AGU. He is actively involved in CELT activities and regularly participates and presents at the Lilly Conference. He has been the recipient of several Faculty Learning Community awards. He is also very active in assessment activities and has presented more than thirty five papers at various assessment institutes. His posters in the areas of assessment, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and Socratic Inquisition have received widespread acclaim from several scholars in the area of cogni- tive science and educational methodologies. He has received the Assessment of Critical Thinking Award twice and is currently working towards incorporating writing assignments that enhance

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Anstaett Metzler P.E., The Ohio State University; Annie Abell, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

” that would guide a department committee in(eventually) redesigning the curriculum: Problem Solving; Communication; Professional Identityand Ethics; Teamwork, Leadership, and Inclusivity; Information Literacy, Judgement, andCritical Thinking; Character Traits and Self-Directed Learning.As all readers will know, the Covid-19 pandemic caused many workplace plans and initiatives togrind to a screeching halt. This curriculum renewal initiative of the mechanical engineeringprogram at Ohio State University was no exception. Over the course of 2020-2022, slowprogress was made on writing specific program goals to match each of the six guiding areasdeveloped during the 2019 retreat. Next, progress was made on developing the student learningoutcomes that

Conference Session

Information Literacy: Theory and Practice

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

a senior member of IEEE and is a member of ASME, SIAM, ASEE and AGU. He is actively involved in CELT activities and regularly participates and presents at the Lilly Conference. He has been the recipient of several Faculty Learning Community awards. He is also very active in assessment activities and has presented dozens of papers at various Assessment Institutes. His posters in the areas of Bloom’s Taxonomy and Socratic Inquisition have received widespread acclaim from several scholars in the area of Cognitive Science and Educational Methodologies. He has received the Assessment of Critical Thinking Award twice and is currently working towards incorporating writing assignments that enhance students’ critical

Conference Session

Understanding Engineering Design

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Penny Hirsch; Ann McKenna

Evaluating Student Confidence in Engineering Design, Teamwork and Communication Ann F. McKenna1, Penny Hirsch2Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science1/The Writing Program2, Northwestern UniversityAbstractMany researchers have focused on the role of confidence and motivation on learning and havesuggested that students be encouraged to engage in reflection about the role of their self-perceptions in achievement. In this paper we explore how students’ confidence levels changeduring our freshman engineering design program. During the 2003-2004 academic year weimplemented a survey designed to measure students’ confidence

Conference Session

TIME 7: ABET Issues and Capstone Courses

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ever Barbero; Larry Banta

todisplay evidence of student work that can be used to assess that outcome. For example, thefollowing are the key courses for outcome (g) of the ME program: Page 9.976.3 Outcome (g) Graduates will have the ability to communicate effectively MAE 244 – Dynamics and Strength Laboratory: In this one-credit-hour sophomore-level course, students are required to write and submit laboratory reports for each one of the eight experiments carried out in this class. While grading the reports, the instructor provides feedback to the students and a steady improvement in written communication is expected. MAE 322 – Thermal

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Elizabeth DeBartolo

allotted forthe design between the groups, divide up the sequence of steps that would have to be performed,and come up with an overarching theme for the whole contraption.Technical writing and presentationsStudents were required to submit a formal report for the first design project and a formalpresentation for the second design project. Leading up to this, one lecture was spent rewriting apre-prepared lab report as a group effort. Students were then asked to submit a 1-2 page formalexperiment report of their own; each was critiqued by the instructor, and the students alsoswapped papers for peer comments on clarity, organization of technical detail, grammar, andspelling. The following week, the first formal project reports were due. Students were

Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 2 of 3: Supporting K-12 Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections, Part 2 of 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V. Ernst, Virginia Tech; Laura J. Segedin, Virginia Tech; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University; Vincent William DeLuca, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

T2I2 Learning Objects. T2I2 Project Learning Objects are granular, scalable, andadaptable professional development learning modules that teachers interface with and implementin their existing learning environments. The Year 1 pilot began in September of 2012 andconcluded in May of 2013. Throughout the pilot year, a number of teachers were not able toparticipate in the project. As a result, only six teachers submitted data.T2I2 online professional development materialsThe T2I2 materials were created to meet the need for high quality professional development fortechnology, engineering, and design educators. During a one-week writing workshop, a 20-member writing team of NBPTS certified teachers, in-service technology, engineering anddesign

Conference Session

Manufacturing Partnerships

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

importantly, they all have the same goal: to learn howto do research. Second, at “brown-bag” lunch meetings, each REU student would present abouttheir project, progress, and difficulties. Third, they were required to write a paper step-by-stepthroughout the summer, including the literature review, conducting the experiments, performingdata analysis, and writing the conclusions. Last, they were required to (1) create a poster tosummarize their work, (2) present their findings at a university-wide poster session, and (3)respond to their peers’ questions about their projects. In addition to working on a researchproject, participants would also attend workshops and field trips related to imaging technology,science and engineering research, and planning

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 6: Curriculum Development and Pedagogical Strategies

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver; Lurana Crowley, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

close to $1M in research grants to study writing transfer of engineering undergraduates. For technical research, he has a long-standing involvement in research concerned with the manufacturing of advanced composite materials (CFRP/titanium stack, GFRP, nanocomposites, etc.) for marine and aerospace applications. His recent research efforts have also included the fatigue behavior of manufactured products, with a focus on fatigue strength improvement of aerospace, automotive, and rail structures. He has been the author or co-author of over 200 peer-reviewed papers in these areas.Lurana Crowley, Washington State University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024Supporting First-year

Collection

2007 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Mariappan Jawaharlal; Cesar Larriva; Jill Nemiro

(after the 3 Rs, Reading, wRiting andaRithmetic). Robotics is a truly multi-disciplinary field which combines mechanical, electrical,electronics engineering and computer science. Even though robots are very complex machinesand building robots require multidisciplinary skills, current technology makes it possible foreveryone to build, program, and control their own robots. Experience indicates that learners whoare immersed in the activity, acquire important skills in math and science without realizing thatthey are intensively engaged in the learning process.Building robots: • Makes learning fun, engaging, and inspiring • Provides highly practical hands-on experience • Gives a head-start in preparing for high school and college. • Develops

Conference Session

Professional Development and Advising for Graduate Students

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Paul Andrew Branham, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Neha Choudhary, Purdue; Trina L. Fletcher, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Molly H Goldstein, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Cole Hatfield Joslyn, Purdue University; Corey A Mathis, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Emilie A Siverling, Purdue University; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, Purdue University, West Lafayette; M. D. Wilson, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, Allahabad, India in 2009. Her research interests are global engineering education, community learning and cross cultural competences in engineering education.Trina L. Fletcher, Purdue University, West Lafayette Trina Fletcher is an Engineering Education doctoral student at Purdue University. Her research focus includes the recruitment and retention of underrepresented groups in STEM education with a special focus on women. Prior to Purdue, she spent time in industry along with completing research and writing on STEM education related topics. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Industrial Technology and a masters degree in Engineering Management. Follow her on Twitter at STEMGenius.Molly H Goldstein, Purdue University, West

Conference Session

International Division (INTL) Technical Session #4: Global DEI

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael D. Preuss, Exquiri Consulting, LLC; John Albert Avila Sr., Texas A&M University; Karen L. Butler-Purry, P.E., Texas A&M University; Shannon Walton, Texas A&M University; Ahmarlay Myint, Texas A&M University; Maria Claudia Alves, Texas A&M University; John Walewski, Texas A&M University; Zenon Medina Cetina; Kim Withers; Keisha D. Bahr, Texas A&M University; Sasha Sentz; Barbara Szczerbinska, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International Division (INTL)

confidence in personal ability, expanding conceptions ofresearch, science and culture while increasing openness to employment outside the United States,and ability to relate to peers and professional scientists. These outcomes were present for bothcohorts, IRAP and R2R, with some instances of statistically significant increases pre- to post-participation despite the small counts of participants (IRAP = 18, R2R = 11). Several of theoutcomes parallel findings from prior support of international research experiences by TAMUSLSAMP (Preuss et al, 2020; Preuss, et al, 2021; Preuss et al, 2022). The survey findings fromsummer 2022 are presented as an initial data set that, while requiring verification throughreplication of programming in 2023 and beyond

Collection

2023 IL-IN Section Conference

Authors

Julie Mendez

considerchanging the way the material is delivered or providing additional opportunities for students topractice.The 2018 and 2019 courses were taught by the same instructor using a flipped classroomapproach with active learning techniques including Peer Instruction [34] and group problem-solving. In addition to the removal of the lab component, another difference in the course in 2019was the introduction of concept maps to organize course topics. Students were encouraged tocreate concept maps as a study tool and viewed portions of an instructor-created concept map atcertain points during the course. While students found the concept maps useful for some courseactivities, there was not a significant difference in quiz scores compared to the previous

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Denise M. Driscoll, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Maeve Drummond Oakes, CISTAR, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

for the 2019 summer cohort as to whatneeded to be cut from the schedule to accommodate a 6-week versus 10-week research program.It was decided that REM students would not need to prepare or present a research paper; instead,we asked that they only prepare and present a poster to capture their research. There were alsosome professional development topics that were either cut from their schedule or given in ashorter timeframe, especially with respect to writing research papers and pursuing differentcareer pathways.Design Element #1: Forging connection between theory, research, and application. Theprogram was designed to help deepen participants’ understanding of the connection betweentheory, research, and application, making them better

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Focus on Student Success 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Universidad Andres Bello; Esmeralda Campos, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico; Carlos Eduardo Martinez-Torteya, Tecnologico de Monterrey

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

of the International Education Committee and elected member of Leadership Organizing Physics Education Research Council (PERLOC) in the period 2015-2018.Dr. Esmeralda Campos, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico Dr. Esmeralda Campos is a postdoc researcher at Writing Lab at Tecnologico de Monterrey, and she has taught undergraduate physics courses at the School of Engineering and Sciences. She obtained her bach- elor degree in Engineering Physics at Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico. She studied a Master degree in Education, with a specialization in Science teaching and learning, and moved forward to the PhD in Educational Innovation, both at Tecnologico de Monterrey. She has focused her research in

Collection

2020 ASEE North Central Section conference

Authors

Raghu Echempati P.E., Kettering University

original thinking and self-confidence in students to carry their own projectideas. Faculty-guided student research projects also help some students to pursue higher studiesin their chosen discipline.Students taking the capstone classes are also expected to communicate their work effectively notonly to peers in the classroom, but also to audience in others disciplines and perhaps to thecommunity they live in. For this, they have to understand how to use appropriate and relevantcontent to develop and explore ideas in writing [3]. In the final project report and/or in thepresentation, students must be able to (i) display skills at many levels: sentence, paragraph, andin the entire essay; (ii) use evidence to support a claim in an academic argument

Conference Session

Teaching Ethics II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Freeman, Valparaiso University; Peter Johnson, Valparaiso University; Kenneth Leitch, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

from six to twelvehourly sessions. Additionally, students were assigned to a group. Each group was givena particular case from NSPE and asked to write and present an opinion as if they were anNSPE Board of Ethical Review (BER): summarizing the case, identifying the ethicalquestions and appropriate ethical canons, researching similar cases, and citing how otherBERs ruled and determining whether the engineers involved in the case acted in anethical manner. If the team could not come to a unanimous decision, they would have towrite both a majority and minority opinion. Unlike the previous assignment prior to theSpring 2005 semester, students were required to vigorously discuss and defend theiropinions on the cases.Changing the ethics assignment

Conference Session

Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Grandin, University of Rhode Island

Tagged Divisions

International

continued technological and economicsuccess for nations such as ours will rely on scientists and engineers able tocollaborate with peers, partners, and competitors from many locations around theworld. Engineering educators acknowledge that this era of globalization hasextensive implications for the curriculum and are thus experimenting in search ofappropriate changes to keep the next generations competitive. Many internationalprogram models for engineers are emerging at campuses across the country, withfocus on language and culture study, study abroad, student exchange, internationalprofessional internships, projects carried out by global student and faculty teams,distance learning partnerships with schools abroad, and so on. Another sign of