Asee peer logo
Well-matched quotation marks can be used to demarcate phrases, and the + and - operators can be used to require or exclude words respectively
Displaying results 4321 - 4350 of 22118 in total
Conference Session
Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 6
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Vigyan Jackson Chandra, Eastern Kentucky University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Computing and Information Technology
Paper ID #29528Drawn together: Integrating words with visuals while annotatingtextbooks and articles for strengthening competencies in computernetworking technologyDr. Vigyan Jackson Chandra, Eastern Kentucky University Vigyan (Vigs) J. Chandra, Ph.D., serves as professor and coordinator of the Cyber Systems Technology related programs offered within the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology (AET) at Eastern Kentucky University. He received his master’s and doctoral degrees from the University of Kentucky in Electrical Engineering, and holds certifications in several computer/networking areas. He teaches courses
Conference Session
New ET Programs
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Gary Crossman
programs not covered by naval experience or schools wouldbe obtained through arrangements with other institutions and Old Dominion University wouldprovide most of the upper-division portions and award degrees in certain areas.The following conditions and requirements were established at the outset: (1) Credits would beawarded to sailors based on their rating rank and the successful completion of various Navyschools. (2) All courses would be offered on an asynchronous basis, permitting an ”any time-anyplace" profile.II. General Engineering TechnologyThe General Engineering Technology program, initiated in 1999, provides educationalopportunities to individuals with a wide variety of technical educational and work backgrounds.The curriculum was
Conference Session
ETAC, ABET, & STEM Programs
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Paper ID #8506Expand the pipeline: K-12 curriculum development on VHDL and FPGA de-signDr. Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological UniversityProf. Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University Aleksandr Sergeyev is currently an Associate Professor in the Electrical Engineering Technology program in the School of Technology at Michigan Technological University. Dr. Aleksandr Sergeyev earned his bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering at Moscow University of Electronics and Automation in 1995. He obtained the Master degree in Physics from Michigan Technological University in 2004 and the PhD degree in Electrical
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aaditya Khanal, The University of Texas at Tyler; Prabha Sundaravadivel, The University of Texas at Tyler; Mohammad Abu Rafe Biswas, The University of Texas at Tyler
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)
Paper ID #41688Board 141: Incorporating Sustainability into Engineering Curriculum ThroughProject-Based Learning (PBL)Dr. Aaditya Khanal, The University of Texas at Tyler Aaditya Khanal, PhD is an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Tyler. His research interests fall within the energy and climate nexus, aiming to improve prosperity and sustainability through solutions in renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and underground hydrogen storage. He is certified in effective college instruction by The Association of College and University Educators and the American Council on
Conference Session
Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers – II
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mark Tufenkjian, California State University-Los Angeles; Ethan Lipton, California State University-Los Angeles
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
engineering material into their teaching. Most indicated that they havechanged or plan to change their curriculum to incorporate the engineering concepts they learnedand the majority will use the engineering design challenge in their curriculum.Introduction and BackgroundAn increasing and significant number of business, academic, and political leaders, professionalassociations and coalitions continue to express their growing concern that our nation’s deficiencyin K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education is approachinga crisis level. Their numbers represent all areas of the engineering, technology, science,mathematics, business and political communities. A sampling presents an overview of currentsentiment.The American
Conference Session
Curricula of the Past, Present, and Future
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yvonne Ng, College of St. Catherine; Lori Maxfield, College of St. Catherine
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
the curriculums of Connections and Identity but these curricula may not be explicitly taught. Capstone projects are used to assess how students integrate all of these curriculums.With such an analysis, it is easy to articulate why the traditional program has failed to serve at-risk populations such as women: By concentrating the Core and Practice up front, this program Page 11.1316.6may discourage or misrepresent the discipline for those, particularly women, who need somesense of Connection to society and Identity to the field.5Recent innovative efforts in engineering education can be understood using the PCM language: By
Conference Session
PCEE Resource Exchange
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stephany Coffman-Wolph, University of Texas, Austin; Kimberlyn Gray, West Virginia University Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
Paper ID #26235Computer Security Activities for a Middle School Classroom or OutreachEvent (P12 Resource/Curriculum Exchange)Dr. Stephany Coffman-Wolph, University of Texas, Austin Dr. Stephany Coffman-Wolph is an Assistant Professor of Instruction at The University of Texas at Austin in the Department of Computer Science. Research interests include: Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic, Game Theory, Teaching Computer Science, Outreach of STEM, Women in STEM, and Software Engi- neering.Dr. Kimberlyn Gray, West Virginia University Institute of Technology Dr. Kimberlyn Gray is an Assistant Professor at West Virginia University
Conference Session
California on the Move: A Robust Array of Student Success Initiatives
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nick P Rentsch, Cañada College; Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College
Tagged Divisions
Two Year College Division
Paper ID #10207Improving Engineering Curriculum and Enhancing Underrepresented Com-munity College Student Success through a Summer Research Internship Pro-gram ˜Prof. Nick P Rentsch, Canada College Nick Rentsch is an adjunct professor of physics, engineering, and computer science at Ca˜nada College, Skyline College, and San Francisco State University. He received his M.S. degree from San Francisco State University in embedded electrical engineering and computer systems. His technical interests include embedded control, electronic hardware design, analog audio electronics, digital audio signal processing
Conference Session
The Best of Design in Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
AC 2011-1570: PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AND DESIGN EXPERIENCESIN INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING COURSES ASSESSING AN IN-CREMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF ENGINEERING SKILLSAndrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University Andrew Gerhart, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Lawrence Technological University. He is actively involved in ASEE, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Engineering Society of Detroit. He serves as Faculty Advisor for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Student Chapter at LTU, chair for the LTU Leadership Curriculum Committee, director of the LTU Thermal Science Laboratory, coordinator of the Certificate in Energy & Environmental Man
Collection
2024 South East Section Meeting
Authors
Gang Liu, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford
Paper ID #40872Mechanical Engineering Curriculum Development from Perspectives ofUndergraduate Students: ME Senior Exit SurveyDr. Gang Liu, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford Dr. Gang Liu is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology in the Division of Physical and Computational Sciences, at the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. He received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering in 2006 and another Ph.D. degree in engineering education in 2018. He teaches mechanical engineering undergraduate courses, including statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, etc. His research interests include in-class
Conference Session
Collaborations: International Case Studies & Exchanges
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Duane Dunlap; Ken Burbank; James Zhang
stimulated international collaborations on collegiate ed-ucation. As a predominant manufacturing base and an emerging mass market, China has becomean important base for engineering and technology (E&T) in the past decade. It is apparent thatcollaboration with Chinese universities on E&T education will help further our understandingsof the needs and the developing trends for engineering and technology professionals. This article explores the potentials and issues of collaborating with Chinese universities forE&T education from a curriculum perspective. By analyzing the TAC of ABET accredited ECETcurriculum at Western Carolina University and that from a representative Chinese university, EastChina University of Science and Technology, the
Conference Session
Program Support Initiatives
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Alyson Grace Eggleston, The Citadel; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
useful opportunity to capture individuals’ communicativeperformance during collaborative problem-solving, thereby ultimately supporting learning.The Citadel takes its mission for leadership development very seriously. In the past decade, it hasresourced a Leadership Center that developed an entire leadership model and program for allstudents [1]. The Leader Development Program consists of four stages of leader development –PREPARE as freshmen, ENGAGE as sophomores, SERVE as juniors, and finally, as seniors,LEAD the student body. Additionally, The Citadel created an entire Department of Leadership todevelop formal instruction during all four years and has expanded into a graduate curriculum, aswell. Various leadership proponents on campus, in
Conference Session
Meet at Springfield Middle: Where Engineering Meets Education, Woozle Wuzzle!
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Zeynep Gonca Akdemir, Purdue University; Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University; Erica W. Carlson, Purdue University; Nicholas Dang, Purdue University; Mahdi Hosseini, Northwestern University; Dongyang Li, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)
, particularly within the context of quantumcomputers. The purpose of this step was to foster a comprehensive understanding of whyrandomness behaves predictably in the classical physics while exhibiting unique characteristicsin the quantum domain [14].MethodsThis study integrated two methods, conjecture mapping as a method of DBR and a pretestposttest research design to examine the desired outcomes of IQ-PARC project. Conjecturemapping involves the explicit delineation of specific conjectures and their anticipatedinteractions to facilitate learning [18]. Like how the flight of an airplane is contingent onachieving adequate lift, designs alone cannot directly yield outcomes; rather, they necessitatemediating processes. Consequently, each curriculum
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 17
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sakhi Aggrawal, Purdue University ; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
, therebyenhancing student motivation and engagement. This finding suggests that incorporating agilemethodologies like Scrum in educational settings can create an environment conducive toactive learning and student empowerment.6.5 Recommendations for Educators and Curriculum DesignersBased on these findings, educators and curriculum designers are encouraged to explore theintegration of agile methodologies like Scrum in their teaching practices. This could involveprofessional development workshops to train educators in Scrum and other agile frameworks,as well as the redesign of course structures to incorporate these methodologies. Moreover, thestudy suggests the need for educational institutions to rethink traditional feedback mechanismsand embrace more
Conference Session
Track 3 - Session I - Faculty Development
Collection
2013 ASEE International Forum
Authors
Ralph Dreher PhD P.E., International Society for Engineering Education (G
Tagged Topics
Invited - Faculty Development
biography of learning during their engineeringpedagogic education.Consequently, such a curriculum has to feature self-contained units of reflective learning ofessential engineering pedagogic tasks– modules, which respectively include an engineeringpedagogic task and are to be worked on reflectively.Crucial is not only the content of such a module but also that the modules individually showspecific moments and strategies of phases of reflection.Content and string of the modulesRegarding the definition of the contents of modules, methods of vocational scientific macroanalysis have been used [3]. This means that based on work observations and workshops withlecturers and experts the various types of classes have been identified as essential in Fig. 1
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., Virginia Tech; Cassandra J. Groen, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
Paper ID #23803Increasing Impact of the Hidden Curriculum: Exploring Student Outcomesfrom Out-of-Class ActivitiesDr. Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., Virginia Tech Denise R. Simmons, Ph.D., PE, LEED-AP, is an assistant professor in the Myers-Lawson School of Con- struction and in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, and an affiliate faculty of the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. She holds a B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in civil engi- neering and a graduate certificate in engineering education – all from Clemson University. She has over 10 years of experience working for energy companies and
Conference Session
Approaches to K -12 Engineering
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ayyana Chakravartula, University of California-Berkeley; Barbara Ando, Lawrence Hall of Science; Cheng Li, University of California-Berkeley; Shikha Gupta, University of California-Berkeley; Lisa Pruitt, University of California-Berkeley
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
what onesimply hears or reads…”6 and thus, by involving undergraduates in a student-teaching project, Page 11.1362.3they will be required to gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Furthermore, groupwork is recognized as an important skill which is necessary for all engineers graduating fromABET-accredited programs8. The field of Bioengineering is inherently interdisciplinary.Newstetter says that Bioengineering “demands integrative thinking, cognitive flexibility andinterdisciplinary problem solving,”9 and all of these skills can be developed through group workwith mechanical engineers and other bioengineers with different
Conference Session
ABET Issues and Capstone Design
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
Jiunn-Chi Wu
theassessment instrument and the consistency between learning materials and the educationalobjectives. Although there are various reform activities of engineering education in Taiwan, few ofthem are focus on integrating the engineering education outcomes into the academic program.Two year ago, several faculties from two institutions (National Central University andYuan-Ze University) who are aware of the impact and importance of the ABET EC-2000 andthe outcome-based course planning. This is the background of how we initiated this study.Six faculties from the ME department of two institutions participated this study. Our aim is toexperiment the feasibility of the outcome-based course planning so as to redesign our currentcourse planning in
Conference Session
Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Pattabhi Sitaram, Baker College, Flint, Michigan; Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
students to enter the job market earlier than in a quarter-based system, concurrently with most graduates from other colleges and universities. Most large employers align recruitment schedules to the semester calendar. In a Q2S conversion, it is paramount to ensure that the program and student learningoutcomes as well as benefits of the quarter system for student learning are not compromised.2. Q2S Conversion Process of the ME Curriculum The transition to semesters provided our institution an excellent opportunity to review allprograms of study we offer. In order to maximize efficiency, the institution decided to bring allbachelor programs to a total of 120 semester credits. In the quarter version, our ABET accredited BS
Conference Session
Track 5: Technical Session 4: Fostering an Inclusive Community Among Electrical Engineering Students with Mixed-Reality Technologies at a Hispanic-Serving Institution
Collection
2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
Preeti De Maurya, New Mexico State University; Hilda Cecilia Contreras Aguirre, New Mexico State University; Theoderic Thomas Platt, New Mexico State University; Cristina Miriam Esparza, New Mexico State University; REDWAN UL HAQ CHOYON, New Mexico State University; Bill Hamilton, New Mexico State University; Marshall Allen Taylor, New Mexico State University; Luis Rodolfo Garcia Carrillo, New Mexico State University
Tagged Topics
2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Paper ID #45181Fostering an Inclusive Community Among Electrical Engineering Studentswith Mixed-Reality Technologies at a Hispanic-Serving InstitutionPreeti De Maurya, New Mexico State UniversityHilda Cecilia Contreras Aguirre, New Mexico State University Hilda Cecilia Contreras Aguirre received an Ed.D. degree in Higher Education Leadership from Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC), and an M.Sc. from the University of Technology of Compi`egne, France. She is now a researcher at New Mexico State University (NMSU). She focuses her research on qualitative studies addressing minority and underrepresented student
Conference Session
Committee on Educational Policy Presents: Holistic Students
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Marie Bond, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Ramez Hajj, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Jeffery R. Roesler, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Arthur R. Schmidt III, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Jacob Henschen, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)
DescriptionsThe research in this paper is an extension of efforts to develop an introductory civil andenvironmental engineering (CEE) course as described by Henschen [13]. Throughout recentyears, the course (referred to as CEE 190) has been overhauled from a one-credit seminar-basedcourse to a four-credit project-based course.The changes to the course were motivated by department-wide efforts to incorporate curriculumrevisions that better prepare engineering students for graduation and professional practice. Fiveskills were identified to be taught and reinforced at each curriculum level, as demonstrated byFigure 1. Figure 1. Skills to be taught and reinforced at each curriculum level [13].The purpose of CEE 190 is not only to introduce
Conference Session
Promoting Scientific and Technological Literacy
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Scott Douglas, Southern Methodist University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
engineering. The curriculum consists of (1) a course text, (2)integrated laboratory exercises with real-time signal processing hardware, (3) summerteacher training institutes, and (4) a web community portal for information sharing(www.infinity-project.org). Started in 1999, the Infinity Project is in over 150 highschools across twenty-five states and is garnering some interest in other countries acrossthe world as an innovative educational intervention to promote and increase awareness ofengineering and technology education in young people today.While careful assessment and tracking of pre-college student populations on a large scaleis challenging – see the comments in Section 4 of this paper – the Infinity Project attractsboth students and teachers
Conference Session
Sustainable Construction Practice
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Soller, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Daphene Koch, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
Technology department, past chairman of the education committee for AGC/Indiana, a registered Professional Engineer in Indiana and Ohio, and a Certified Professional Constructor within AIC. Mr. Soller was awarded the Associate Faculty Excellence in Teaching Award in 2000.Daphene Koch, Purdue University Daphene Koch, PhD is an assistant professor at Purdue University in the Building Construction Management Department. Daphene has over 10 years of college teaching experience and over 10 years of construction industry experience. Her construction experience included mechanical construction and industrial petrochemical projects in Indiana , Texas and East Malaysia
Conference Session
2-Year College Division: Workforce Pathways and ATE
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Pallavi Ramakanth Kowligi, Florida State University; Priyanka Prajapati, Florida State University; Faye R Jones, Florida State University; Marcia A. Mardis, Florida A&M University/Florida State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Two-Year College
also employability skills such ascommunication, critical thinking, advanced digital skills, and problem solving are alsocontributing to an AM workforce skills gaps [7]. We assessed the alignment between the Florida Department of Education’s (FLDOE)Career and Technical Education (CTE) Advanced Manufacturing Curriculum Framework[hereafter AM Framework] and employer needs as expressed in the Department of Labor’s(DOL) AM Competency Model [hereafter AM Competency Model]. We used a computationalapproach to comparative document analysis to gain insight into these research questions: 1) How do the topics in AM Curriculum Framework and the AM Competency Model compare? 2) What are the differences between competencies in FLDOE’s AM
Conference Session
Industrial Collaborations and Applications
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University; William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
apprenticeship by Merkel and Baker6 (2002). Duringthis process the mentor takes an active role in training and developing the next generation ofengineers, technologists, and scientists. This adds a further dimension to the typical advisor roleof academic guidance, career direction, moral support, and encouragement. The advisor nowbecomes a research manager and mentor as well.In many cases, this trend has led to the integration of undergraduate research directly into theacademic curriculum. After graduation many of the students will be involved in the application,dissemination, and creation of knowledge, or in other words research. As a result it becomes anatural extension of the classical inquiry oriented curriculum to include aspects of research
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Teaching Part One
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Suleiman Ashur, Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
university administration andthen state agencies, several revisions of the proposal were conducted to comply with commentsand recommendations at each level of the approval chain; securing the final approval of theprogram, and implementation. The key component of the process is to develop the curriculum tothe program while achieving harmony the civil engineering programs within the department.2, 3The implementation component usually include integrating the new program in the universitysystem such as entering the new courses with their description in the Banner System and inUniversity Bulletin; recruiting new faculty and students for the program, developing laboratoryfacilities which involve securing space and equipment, develop and start implementing
Conference Session
Professional Papers
Collection
2025 ASEE Southeast Conference
Authors
Nahid Vesali, The Citadel; Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel
Tagged Topics
Professional Papers
in a proposed FEConstruction Exam or the changes required in Construction Engineering (CONE) programcurricula to better align them with the existing FE Civil Exam. NCEES, academia, and industrystakeholders should conduct such studies collaboratively to ensure any proposed changes reflectboth academic preparation and industry needs.Developing a dedicated FE Construction Exam that aligns with the core competenciesemphasized in Construction programs would ensure a fairer licensure process for graduates.Revisiting curriculum design to integrate foundational topics like Fluid Mechanics andEnvironmental Engineering, which are critical for licensure and industry success, would furtherbridge the gap between academic preparation and licensure
Collection
2023 CIEC
Authors
Gary Mullett
networksoperate through an ongoing automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices,using modern smart technology, large scale machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and theInternet of Things (IoT) applications to enable many supportive and essential industrialfunctions. This steady technology integration/implementation into industrial environmentsresults in increasing automation, improving timely communications and self-monitoring, andincreasing the use of smart machines that can analyze and diagnose process issues without theneed for human intervention [2].More recently, the term “Industrial Internet of Things or IIoT” has been also employed toindicate an extension of uses of the Internet of Things to other industrial applications and
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Ronald E. Barr
Page 4.184.7Monograph PreparationThe highlight of this project will be the production and dissemination of a Monograph that will serve asthe basis for EDG curriculum planning for the 21st century. The Monograph will be an edited andillustrated series of chapters that reflect the sub-committees’ findings in their respective reports. Inparticular, a matrix approach (see Table 7) will be employed to identify the proper curriculum content forthe various EDG constituencies. The Project Director will gather all the material following the 2001follow-up meeting and will insure that all topics are addressed. He will also be editor-in-chief of theMonograph; but all committee members who participated in the formulation of the chapters will beidentified
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 7
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brad L. Hutchings, Brigham Young University; Stephen Schultz, Brigham Young University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
) analog circuit design (ECEn 340), 2) digital signal processing (ECEn 380), and 3)embedded programming (ECEn 330). During winter semester students practice the conceptslearned during these earlier core courses by constructing an advanced laser-tag system(alternatively referred to as the junior project). Laser-tag is an excellent target because it providesan engaging way to integrate the concepts and practices from very different areas of electrical andcomputer engineering.The goals of this PBL curriculum are to: 1) increase student confidence, 2) provide students witha fun engineering experience, 3) provide opportunities for application of concepts from priorjunior courses 2 , and 4) administer the PBL curriculum so that, in the long term, TA and