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Displaying results 4861 - 4890 of 17529 in total
Conference Session
New Trends in ECE Education II
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey L. Schiano, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
dilutes both these components. Moreover, as the professionalengineering topics are required for graduation, students cannot replace the capstone designcourse with other opportunities closer to their professional interests, for example, completing aproject in the Student Space Programs Laboratory. Page 25.403.2Following a critical review and discussion of the design component of our curriculum, theundergraduate committee identified three areas for improvement: (1) coupling the undergraduateand graduate programs by engaging undergraduates in faculty research projects, (2) diversifyingthe spectrum and depth of capstone design projects, and (3
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Alamgir Choudhury
process control.Realizing these objectives with the constraints involving student background, availabletime and facility is quite challenging. To achieve similar objectives in instrumentationarea, some institutions break up topics in series of course [4]. Considering allconstraints, at CCC, student diversity was found to be most challenging for thiscurriculum development.Modular curriculum and flexibility in class and laboratory exercises within the broad Page 5.368.3scope of the program objective accommodates well with a diverse student body. Thisadjustment in teaching can be implemented using student background data prior tobeginning of semester during
Conference Session
ET Pedagogy I
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohammad Moin Uddin P.E., East Tennessee State University; Peter D. Rogers, Georgia Southern University; Christopher David Leblanc, University of New Hampshire; Keith V. Johnson, East Tennessee State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
teach programming in a lecture hall, it is also difficult for students to learn in thisenvironment since programing requires hands-on (trial and error) learning that doesn’t occur alecture setting. Second, the higher level architectural features of microprocessors can beoverlooked if too much effort is made to accomplish specific tasks in the laboratory setting.ImplementationOne possible approach to address the shortcomings of these classes would be to “flip” theclassroom by having the lecture material presented online, allowing students to spend more timein the laboratory experimenting with microcontrollers. This approach can be too software heavyin content and the students might have a tendency to take on a “hacker” approach by looking upcode
Conference Session
Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 7
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Israa Azzam, Purdue University ; Farid Breidi, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Peter Soudah
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology Division (ETD)
technologies being created and added to our everyday lives despite theongoing mere theoretical and abstract exposure of these advancements to students [3]. Suchtechnological advances can add more expenses to educational institutions that strive to integratejob market applications in a pedagogical setting to expose students to real-world applications.Many educational institutions have been developing new styles and instruction tools that could bereadily integrated into undergraduate engineering laboratories [4]. The role of the laboratory inengineering is to teach students how to extract data for a specific design, analyze a new device,and discover a new piece of information to their knowledge of the world [5]. Capstone projectsare one of the well
Collection
2023 IL-IN Section Conference
Authors
Benjamin D. McPheron; Devin J. Goodrich; Michael Q. Mullinix
Conference, 1999.[5] P. Pratumsuwan and W. Pongaen, “An Embedded PLC Development for Teaching inMechatronics Education.” 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2011.[6] F. Mateos, A.M Lopez, V.M. Gonazalez, J.M. Enguita, “Improving Laboratory Training forAutomation and Process Control Courses with a Specifically Designed Testing SoftwareApplication.” IEEE Transactions on Education, Volume 44, Issue 2, 2001.[7] S. Hsieh, “Design and Evaluation of Automated System Modules for Portable ProgrammableLogic Controller (PLC) Kit for Industrial Automation and Control Education.” Proceedings of the2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2017.[8] Fischertechnik Training Factory Industry 4.0,, accessed January 19, 2023.[9] B.R
Conference Session
Preparing a Modern Aerospace Workforce
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Helbling, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Lance Traub, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
has over 14 years of experience in applied research and teaching. Dr. Traub is the author of over 45 reviewed journal articles and 10 conference papers. Page 13.693.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 IMPACT OF RAPID PROTOTYPING FACILITIES ON ENGINEERING STUDENT OUTCOMESAbstractEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) has formed a reputation for providingundergraduate students with a curriculum which has a strong emphasis on hands-on, applicationbased learning. In an effort to improve this learning environment, the campus has recently addeda Rapid Prototyping Laboratory which
Conference Session
ECCD Applications in Energy and Thermodynamics
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ryan L Falkenstein-Smith, Syracuse University; Jeongmin Ahn, Syracuse University; Kang Wang, Syracuse University; Ryan James Milcarek, Syracuse University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
years starting in the Spring of 2012. Ryan currently works as a Research Assistant in the Combustion and Energy Research Laboratory (COMER). His current research is focused on new catalyst development, ceramic materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), combustion, energy conversion, fuel cell modeling, fuel cell technology applications and system design. Ryan is a Syracuse University Graduate Fellow and an Astronaut Scholar. Page 26.505.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Developing T-Shaped Professional Engineers through an Advance Energy
Conference Session
BME Courses & Curricular Content
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Hatice Ozturk, North Carolina State University; Lianne Cartee, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
AC 2008-384: ADDING BIOMEDICAL CONTEXT TO A TRADITIONALENGINEERING COURSE IN A BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUMHatice Ozturk, North Carolina State University Hatice Orun Ozturk is a Teaching Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Carolina State University. She is also coordinator of assessment in both departments.Lianne Cartee, North Carolina State University Lianne A. Cartee is a Teaching Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering at North Carolina State University. She is also the director of undergraduate programs. Page 13.150.1© American
Conference Session
Lessons Learned From Design Projects
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Peter Avitabile; Charles Goodman; Tracy Van Zandt
students in the most efficient manner possible.Teaching techniques should challenge, educate, and promote innovative thinking from students.The lecture-based format of teaching which predominates in engineering education may not bethe most effective manner to achieve these goals [3,4]. Constructivist learning theory asserts thatknowledge is not simply transmitted from teacher to student, but is actively constructed by themind of the learner through experiences. [5,6].The laboratory environment is an excellent opportunity to force the students to “think on theirown”. Real-world laboratory exercises and experimental approaches clearly show that there isnot always an “answer at the back of the book”. While students at times become frustrated bythis
Conference Session
New Electrical ET Course Development
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Aaron Gold; Walter Banzhaf
Polytechnic Institute in an era whenall EE students knew the filament pins for a 12AX7. A senior member of IEEE, Banzhaf is the author of two bookson computer-aided circuit analysis using SPICE.AARON GOLDAaron Gold just graduated with B.S.E.E.T. and A.S.C.E.T. degrees from the University of Hartford's Ward Collegeof Technology with a minor in Computer Science. While taking courses himself, he taught laboratory sections ofcourses in both algebra-based physics and electronic engineering technology, including three sections of the EL 110course described in this paper. Gold was a president’s list student for all eight semesters, and plans to pursue agraduate degree as well as a career in Information Technology, while likely continuing to teach at the
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Jeffrey B. Hargrove
MechatronicsLaboratory”, was submitted in 1996 and accepted for funding in June 1997. With the financialsupport of NSF, matched by Kettering University, two laboratories were developed: the“Mechatronics Laboratory – Hardware and Software Development Center” and the“Mechatronics Laboratory – Prototype Development Center”. Both of these labs were designedto function in ways to support the needs of students in the new mechatronics courses.The Hardware and Software Development Center serves to provide students with individual labstations for developing the electronics and controls of mechatronic devices. Laboratoryexperiences that are designed to teach students how to interface sensors and actuators tomicrocontrollers, and then further program the microcontroller
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeremy John Vaillant, University of Massachusetts Lowell department of Mechanical Engineering; Christopher J Hansen, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Jonathan D. Stolk, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Stephen Johnston, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Sammy G. Shina, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; David Joe Willis, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
the development of a computer numerical control (CNC) laboratory and theassociated preliminary data supporting an increase in student motivation as a result of project-versus lecture-based instruction. Ten inexpensive CNC milling machines have been deployed inan undergraduate teaching laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Because theseare inexpensive, hobbyist CNC machines, the fundamental concepts behind modern prototypingand manufacturing become accessible for hands-on exploration by students with little to no man- Page 26.706.2ufacturing expertise or background. For example, incoming freshman mechanical engineeringstudents
Conference Session
Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
A. Ayanna Boyd-Williams, North Carolina A&T State University; Shea Bigsby, North Carolina A&T State University; Clay Gloster Jr, North Carolina A&T State University; Evelyn Sowells-Boone, North Carolina A&T State University; Mark A. Melton, Saint Augustine's University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
leadership studies at North Carolina A&T State University. Her research interests include multi-criteria decision making, intellectual sustainability in higher education, corporate social responsibility and ethics, and East Asian higher education systems. She has presented numerous workshops on issues related to minority affairs, graduate admissions and funding opportunities, intellectual capital management and investment, core professional development competencies, and graduate research and teaching assistant training and assessment.Dr. Shea Bigsby, North Carolina A&T State University Dr. Shea Bigsby is the Coordinator of Graduate Writing Services in the Graduate College at North Car- olina A&T State
Collection
1997 Annual Conference
Authors
Herbert Hess
. Resonantconverters and soft switching are beginning appear in courses at this level as an up-to-date meansof teaching the circuit analysis techniques that the SCR commutation circuits once were.[13,14] A survey of 119 schools in the US and Canada [3] revealed that the three most populartexts for an introductory power converters course are those by Kassakkian [38], Mohan[23], andRashid[28]. References [15-42,80] are a bibliography of texts in print for Power Electronics asof approximately October 1996. Closely related to these texts are those texts that addressVariable Speed Drives.[43-55] ISBN numbers are given with texts to aid in requesting copiesthrough publishers.Labs and Projects Undergraduate laboratory instruction emphasizes the major
Conference Session
Faculty Development Division Technical Session 9
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd Freeborn, The University of Alabama
byscheduling them to teach the same course in multiple semesters, reducing the amount of timerequired for course preparation. While not unexpected, the reduction of 40% does quantify thepotential time that faculty can gain through this personnel management strategy.Of importance to understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on faculty workload, thetime commitments to courses transitioning to asynchronous formats were similar to the numberrequired for the initial course design (when that course had a required laboratory component).Therefore, the transition to asynchronous delivery eliminated the time/effort reductions gainedthrough delivering a course multiple times. This is important to understand for faculty interestedin moving their classes
Collection
2013 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Bryndol Sones
of X-raydetectors, neutron gas-filled detectors, alpha/beta proportional counters, and alpha PIPSdetectors. While we have no reactor or a high energy electron LINAC, we take pride in our sub-critical facility for fission, transport, and shielding experiments and a 3-MeV NEC Pelletron ionaccelerator for Ion Beam Scattering (IBS) experiments. Organic laboratory capabilities areenhanced by the presence of a Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) research located atWest Point. The Nuclear Science and Engineering Research Center (NSERC) is collocated withthe NE Program and it serves to enable cadet research with DTRA and other DOD partners. Itsstaff of three Army officers all has MCNP expertise, and they provide periodic teaching supportto the NE
Collection
2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference
Authors
Md Shahriar Jahan Hossain, Northwestern State University of Louisiana; Rafiqul Islam, Northwestern State University of Louisiana
experience. However, it was not proven to be effective in severalcases where students may need one-to-one guidance for completing certain assignments. This studyis aimed to investigate the students’ learning experience and overall performance while recorded videoinstructions and lectures are readily available to the students. The scopes and possibilities forimproving the video lecture quality are also addressed in this study.During spring 2020, we had to adapt complete online teaching in both theory and laboratory coursesin response to the growing COVID-19 pandemic. We received a one-day training from the onlineservice developers of the university on the virtual platform called ‘WebEx’ to deliver our lectures bysharing the contents of our laptop. We
Conference Session
First Year Programs Division Poster Session: The Best Place to Really Talk about First-Year Education
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tracy Jane Puccinelli, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; John Murphy, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
, and availability of the content to instructors, clients, and teammates.2LabArchives ELN was chosen due to the very successful implementation of the classroomversion in the Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME) Design Courses, and the fact thatour university began a campus-wide contract with LabArchives to provide this technology toresearch labs and other courses. LabArchives was well-studied and compared with numerousother ELNs and deemed the best option currently available that provided both a research andclassroom edition.Electronic Laboratory Notebook FormatDue to considerable reluctance by many instructors teaching the freshman course,implementation of the ELN as a replacement for the paper design notebook was stronglyencouraged, but
Conference Session
Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jan T. Lugowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William Hutzel, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
performance ofheat exchangers. This new experiment was successful in showcasing applied technologies tostudents and increased their confidence in working with real world equipment. Not all studentsenjoyed the open-ended format, which is a reminder that not all students progress at the samerate and with the same aptitude. The ideal laboratory project will accommodate all types ofstudent learners.References[1] A. Keating, Teaching Transformation: Transcultural Classroom Dialogues. New York, NY:Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, pg. 126.[2] K. McGonigal, “Teaching for Transformation: From Learning Theory to TeachingStrategies”, Speaking of Teaching, vol. 14, no. 2, spring 2005. [Online]. Available: The Centerfor Teaching and Learning, Stanford University: https
Conference Session
ASEE Multimedia Session
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Stephen Egarievwe
A Model for Increasing the Number of Undergraduates Acquiring Skills in Computational Science Stephen U. Egarievwe, Janine A. Lafayette, Cathy R. Martin, W. Eugene Collins Informatics and Computational Science Laboratory Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208AbstractThis paper presents a model that we have successfully used to increase the number ofundergraduates that are acquiring skills in computational science. This model involves theexploration of computational science by freshmen, involvement of undergraduates ininterdisciplinary computational science research, preparation of students for summer internshipsin computational science and related areas, and
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Engineering Poster
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
William Dillard
hardware, the multitude of implementation optionsthat exist, and the role software plays in modern digital circuit design.Initially the service course was strictly in-class lectures, although the design content of thehomework and tests was significant. Surprisingly, the CS and SE students themselvesrecognized the need for hardware and petitioned for a solution. However, having no formallaboratory infrastructure in the new curriculum significantly restricted the possible solutions. Anew pedagogy had to be found that did not compromise the integrity of the course just to includesome hands-on wiring. Seven goals became immediately apparent.1. With no budget for laboratory teaching assistants or facilities, the departmental costs must be kept to a
Conference Session
Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Experiments and Labs
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Dawn Spencer, Colorado State University-Pueblo
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
., Wick, C., and Piper, G., “Teaching Robot Design: Student-Driven, Open-Ended Design Projects,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Session 2006-1905, 2006.19. Froyd, J., Li, X., Srinivasa, A., Bassichis, W., Hodge, J., and Maxwell, D., “How Do Students in a Project- Based First-Year Engineering Curriculum Perform in a Sophomore Engineering Mechanics Course?,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Session 2006-1117, 2006.20. Greenwald, L. and Kopena, J., “Mobile Robot Labs,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, vol. 10, No. 2, June 2003, pp. 25-32.21. http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4435, accessed on 17 January 2007.22. Isom, J., “Lessons from the Laboratory with Brian Davis: NXT
Conference Session
Faculty Development 2: COVID-19 Impact on Faculty
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Susannah C. Davis, University of New Mexico; Yan Chen, University of New Mexico; Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Pil Kang, University of New Mexico; Abhaya K. Datye, University of New Mexico; Eva Chi, University of New Mexico; Sang M. Han, University of New Mexico
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division
students, and postdoctoral scholars are trained in a multidisciplinary environment, utilizing modern methodologies to address important problems at the interface between chemistry, physics, engineering, American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Paper ID #33358 and biology preparing the trainees for careers in academe, national laboratories, and industry. In addition to research, she devotes significant time developing and implementing effective pedagogical approaches in her teaching of undergraduate courses to train engineers who are critical thinkers, problem
Conference Session
Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Garth V Crosby, Texas A&M University; Maram H Alaqra, Sharjah Education Academy ; Pamela Simmons-Brooks, Texas A&M University; Morgan H. Krauss, Texas A&M University; Shelly Tornquist, Texas A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)
. Patel, B. Yalvac, D. E. Kanter, and N. Goel. Developing a standards-based K-12 engineering curricula through partnerships with university students and industry. In 2004 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. [18] B. Yalvac, D. Smith, P. L. Hirsch, and G. Birol. "Teaching writing in a laboratory-based engineering course with a “How People Learn” framework." New Directions for Teaching and Learning, no.108, pp. 59-73, 2006. [19] B. Yalvac, H. D. Smith, J. B. Troy, and P. Hirsch, “Promoting advanced writing skills in an upper-level engineering class,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol.96, no.2, pp. 117-128, 2007. [20] M. C. Ayar and B. Yalvac
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
David Ollis
principles of physics, engineering andmaterial science is ever present, yet without artificial or forced linkages. The present paper reports a teaching experience in which such device dissectionsin an engineering lab are utilized to enhance the learning objectives and studentsatisfaction in four courses in non-engineering colleges: the Colleges of Humanities andSocial Sciences, Education, and Design. Page 10.374.2Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition Copyright © 2005 American Society for Engineering EducationEngineering Laboratory Description Unfortunately
Conference Session
Design in the Curriculum
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amit Janardhan Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin, Madison; John P. Puccinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Matthew S. Bollom; Willis J. Tompkins, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
training in aguided fashion early in the curriculum. In order to effectively teach these important professional, technical, and life-long skills, wedeveloped a new sophomore-level lecture/laboratory course, BME 201, “BiomedicalEngineering Fundamentals and Design.” We offered it for the first time in Spring 2012, and ithas been taught twice so far. The weekly lecture focuses directly on professional skills, andintroduces students to the department’s five areas of study (bioinstrumentation, biomedicalimaging, biomechanics, biomaterials/cellular/tissue engineering, and healthcare systems) throughlectures by faculty in those areas. These lectures were recorded during the first offering so thatthe videos can be viewed outside of class, and the
Conference Session
M1B: WIP - Learning Experiences 2
Collection
2019 FYEE Conference
Authors
Dimitrios Bolkas, Penn State University, Wilkes-Barre Campus; Jeffrey Daniel Chiampi II, The Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Topics
FYEE Conference - Paper Submission
Enhancing experience and learning of first-year surveying engineeringstudent with immersive virtual realityIntroductionThis paper, a work in progress, focuses on the application of virtual reality on first-yearsurveying engineering. Students enrolled in the surveying engineering major at Penn StateWilkes-Barre take SUR 111 in the fall and SUR 162 in the spring. These courses have anobjective to introduce students to surveying equipment and techniques for mapping. Bothcourses contain outdoor laboratories with extensive use of surveying equipment. Activities arefrequently affected by inclement weather (rain and snow), which leads to cancelled classes. Thisdisrupts the educational process and limits the time students spend with instruments
Conference Session
ChE Poster Session
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yakov Cherner, ATeL, LLC; Jerry Meldon, Tufts University; Anatoly Peresunko, Southern Federal University (Russia)
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
AC 2008-2205: SIMULATION-BASED LEARNING OF DISTILLATIONPRINCIPLES IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT: FROM DA VINCI’S ALEMBICS TOMODERN APPLICATIONSYakov Cherner, ATeL, LLC Yakov E. Cherner, Ph.D. a Founder and President of ATEL, LLC, taught science, engineering and technology disciplines to high school, college and university students. He has extensive experience in writing curricula and developing educational software and efficient instructional strategies. Dr. Cherner introduced an innovative concept of multi-layered simulation-based conceptual teaching of science and technology. This instructional approach uses real-world objects, processes and learning situations that are familiar to students as the
Conference Session
Critical Issues in IT and IET: Focus Group
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; Ram Prasad Diwakaran, Texas A&M University; Justin Zsiros, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
AC 2010-996: CONVEYING THE IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURINGPROCESS DESIGN USING SIMULATION RESULTS AND EMPIRICAL DATAMichael Johnson, Texas A&M University Johnson is an assistant professor in the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution at Texas A&M University. Prior to joining the faculty at Texas A&M, he was a senior product development engineer at the 3M Corporate Research Laboratory in St. Paul, Minnesota for three years. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Michigan State University and his S.M. and Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Johnson’s research focuses on design tools, specifically, the cost modeling and analysis of
Collection
1997 Annual Conference
Authors
Thomas G. Boronkay; Janak Dave
15-20% of baccalaureate graduates take thiscourse. Not a single student at associate degree level is exposed to computational analysis as apowerful problem solving tool.Starting Winter quarter 1997, we are addressing this problem. All of our lower division studentswill be exposed to a modern tool for analysis and hands-on experience in using a commerciallyavailable Finite Element package. We are not teaching them a Finite Element Course nor it willbe a software training module. We will integrate small modules of Finite Element Analysis inour existing Design Courses. We are hoping that, in the future, we might introduce them to someform of design optimization as well