Conference Session

EM Skills and Real-World Concepts, Pt. 2

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

LTC Robert Powell

as importantly, how all disciplines interact in a true systems environment to produce a product that is integral to the mission of every U.S. Army unit.Upon completion, agencies and cadets are asked to complete an After Action Report (AAR) onthe AIAD.Phase 6: Follow-UpIn Phase 6, feedback on the AIAD program is solicited through an AAR that is developed byUSMA for both the participating agency and cadet. Although we solicit and encourage feedbackfrom agencies, we rarely receive it. Additionally, the level of feedback received from cadets isnot to our satisfaction. We can obviously do a better job in canvassing

Conference Session

Design Education II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald J. Bennett, Univeristy of Saint Thomas; Elaine R. Millam, Univeristy of Saint Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

, coach and educator. She has worked over 30 years as a leader in public, private, and non-profit sectors; most recently as the head of Organizational Effectiveness and Leadership Effectiveness at Honeywell, International. She has earned graduate degrees in Educational Psychology, Industrial Relations and Organizational Leadership. She is an author of several publications and two published books. Her specialty is developing leadership capacity to create high performing organizations. She focuses on styles and behaviors that fuel significant and sustainable change in leaders and organizations. She uses an integrated model that balances the inside-out and outside-in to developing leaders

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel W. Chang, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #17899Improving Student Confidence and Retention using an Introductory Com-puter Engineering CourseDr. Daniel W. Chang, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dr. Daniel W. Chang is an Assistant Professor in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He is the faculty advisor for the student chapters of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) and the ECE honor society Eta Kappa Nu (HKN). His interests include computer architecture, digital systems, memory systems, and engineering education. c American Society

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Programs: Look Ahead

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Doanh Van

disciplines that are projected to bein demand among the industries. Consultancy was sought to explore the feasibility of startingand sustaining an engineering program in a university rich with liberal arts educational heritage.An internal study was conducted to explore the fit between a new engineering curriculum and therest of the campus academically. An internal study was also commissioned to identify thesupport for this new professional program among the faculty of the university at large.4. Understand the ConstraintsCertain constraints were determined during the study of the feasibility of starting an engineeringeducation at Union.  The new engineering program must be designed on a liberal arts educational foundation.  It must not

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention and First-year Programs in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hector A. Ochoa, The University of Texas at Tyler; Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas at Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

a freshmen course in electrical engineering to improve retention. Another paper is related to the development of an online graduate course in Random Process. And the last paper focuses on the development of an online course in Linear Circuit Analysis for Electrical Engineering Student.Dr. Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas at Tyler Dr. Mukul Shirvaikar is the Chair and Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Tyler, where he develops curriculum and laboratories in computer engineering. Prior to this he worked at Texas Instruments specializing in real time imaging systems. Dr. Shirvaikar graduated with his doc- torate from the University of Tennessee, a M.S. degree from the University of

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Willis, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; James Conrad, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

AC 2008-1727: DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT SPACECRAFT: ANINTERDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING EDUCATION COURSEAndrew Willis, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Andrew Willis is an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. He received his B.Sc. in Computer Science and B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic University in Worcester, Massachusetts. After working in industry for four years, Andrew attended graduate school at Brown University where he obtained a Sc.M. in Applied Mathematics and a Sc.M. in Electrical Engineering completing a Ph.D. in Engineering Sciences in 2004. He is a member of the ASEE, IEEE

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chadia A. Aji, Tuskegee University; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

whose students took these international assessments. Nationally, this achievementgap is mirrored in the lower performance of African-Americans and Hispanics students incomparison to White students as seen in both the PISA Report2 and national assessments3. Thereare several reasons cited in literature4-6 for this achievement gap. Some of these reasons are socio-economic status, strength of curriculum and disparity between school districts. In addition to thesestructural challenges, student engagement and motivation play an important role in learning. Thepedagogical approach in the classroom has a strong impact on students’ engagement with thelearning materials. Students’ cognitive engagement with the learning materials increases if theyrecognize

Conference Session

Undergraduate Research & New Directions

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Georgiopoulos

for theCurrent Topics in Machine Learning II, where they will have a hands-on experience withMachine Learning research. Based on the module evaluation we feel that this module served thispurpose (of generating student interest in Machine Learning).In this paper, we presented an overview of some of our experiences with an NSF project inprogress, whose goal is to integrate research results in Machine Learning into the undergraduateand first year graduate engineering and science curriculum. We focused on one of the methodsthat we have pursued to achieve this goal (that of the machine learning modules). This methodrelies on incorporating simple but effective Machine Learning modules in appropriateintroductory computer programming classes of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David S. Hurwitz, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Washington State University; Mohammad Rabiul Islam, Oregon State Univeristy; Kelvin Daratha, Graduate Student at Washington State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #5923Mental Models of Students and Practitioners in the Development of an Au-thentic Assessment Instrument for Traffic Signal EngineeringDr. David S Hurwitz, Oregon State University Dr. David Hurwitz is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Construction Engineering at Oregon State University and he serves as the point of contact for the Driving and Bicycling Research Laboratory. He is interested in the integration of user behavior in the design and operation of transporta- tion systems. He teaches classes at the graduate and undergraduate level in highway engineering, traffic operations and

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Katherine Watson, Georgia Institute of Technology; Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Graduate Engineering Education Consortium for Students, and she co-founded a Georgia Tech ASEE Student Chapter in the fall of 2011. Her research interests include the integration of stakeholders into the engineering design process, development and evaluation of inter- disciplinary engineering courses and programs, mixed methods research designs, and graduate student experiences in engineering programs. Page 23.556.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Examining Graduate Students’ Philosophies of Education: An Exploratory StudyAbstractAs

Conference Session

Engagement in Practice: Creating a Robust Infrastructure for Community Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory E. Triplett, Virginia Commonwealth University; Jenilee Stanley-Shanks, Virginia Commonwealth University; Lori A. Floyd-Miller, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Paper ID #22097Engagement in Practice: the Student Engagement Continuum (SEC) – Op-portunities and Challenges for a Sustainable Pipeline Enhancement Model atan Urban InstitutionDr. Gregory E. Triplett, Virginia Commonwealth University Triplett is a Professor and Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). Triplett oversees all aspects of graduate engineering programs including curriculum de- velopment, student recruitment and matriculation, strategic planning, student funding, graduate research, and online education. Prior to being Associate Dean, Triplett was Director of

Conference Session

Embedded Systems & Cybersecurity for ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maddumage Karunaratne, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

systemsprogramming. The low minimum value indicates that a few are still not sure, even after passing thatproject and the embedded systems course. Question 5 tries to make students be comfortable in thinking about microcontrollers and theircapstone project along with the fact that they have taken embedded systems course with itschallenging final (car) project. A low value of 2 indicates that the student group thinks their projecteither does not include an embedded controller or does not require programming them explicitly (suchas using a PLC or a similar device). However, all the projects done by the surveyed students had amicrocontroller either integrated into (such as the SCADA safety panel) or used as a discretecomponent requiring it be programmed

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahmoud K. Quweider, University of Texas, Brownsville

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

,” Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 118, Australian Inst. of Criminology; www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/index3.html.[8]. C.E. Irvine, S.-K. Chin, and D.A. Frincke, “Integrating Security into the Curriculum,” Computer, vol. 31, no. 12, 1998, pp. 25–30. 10. G. Shpantzer and T. Ipsen, “Law Enforcement Challenges in Digital Forensics,” Proc. 6th Nat’l Colloquium Information Systems Security Education, NCISSE Colloquium Press, 2002.[9]. Cohen, J. Guidelines for establishing undergraduate bioinformatics courses. J. Sci. Edu. Tech. 12, 4 (Dec. 2003), 449–456.[10]. Cohen, J. Bioinformatics: An introduction for computer scientists. ACM Comput. Surv. 36, 2 (June 2004), 122–158

Conference Session

Division Experimentation and Lab-Oriented Studies - Pedagogy of Lab Courses

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arash Mahboobin, University of Pittsburgh; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

systems. Engineering education research includes curriculum and laboratory development of biomechanics and bio-signal processing concepts.Dr. Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh Renee M. Clark serves as research assistant professor focusing on assessment and evaluation within the University of Pittsburgh’s Swanson School of Engineering and its Engineering Education Research Center (EERC), where her interests focus on active and experiential learning. She has 25 years of experience as an engineer and analyst, having worked most recently for Walgreens and General Motors/Delphi Automotive in the areas of data analysis, IT, and manufacturing. She received her PhD in Industrial Engineering from the University of

Conference Session

FPD8 -- Introductory Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darryl Morrell, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

vectors, and then matrices. An initiative tointroduce MATLAB to students in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department (MAE)at University of Florida was undertaken, and the effectiveness of several different formats for andtiming in the curriculum was evaluated.4 It was discovered that “low risk” courses (e.g. a coursethat is not perceived as a “weed-out” course) that relate directly to students’ other coursework arebetter received by students.The course that we have developed differs from previous MATLAB courses found in the literaturein several ways. First, it is a one credit-hour course rather than all or part of a three credit-hourcourse and thus covers significantly less content than courses found in the literature. Secondly,it is

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 6 - Energy & Thermodynamics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

a hands-on easy to navigate basic tutorial for the outreach effort [11].The K-12 teachers and college professors alike received the tool and the tutorial positively, andsome have successfully integrated BITES with appropriate lessons in their classrooms which inturn has motivated the author to include BITES in the thermodynamics course that he offers to theengineering undergraduates at UMES.The first course in thermodynamics in the engineering curriculum tends to be difficult for students.Unfortunately, a lot of students are unaware of how generation and utilization of energy inbuildings, industry, and transportation sectors that are discussed in the context of thethermodynamics course are intimately related to global warming and ozone

Conference Session

Professional Development Programs for Teachers

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Patricia McNerney, University of Cincinnati; Suzanne Soled, University of Cincinnati; Kelly Obarski, University of Cincinnati; Mingming Lu, University of Cincinnati; Richard Miller, University of Cincinnati; Daniel Oerther, University of Cincinnati; Heng Wei, University of Cincinnati; Thaddeus Fowler, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

seminar was given by the Chief Engineer from Richard Goettle, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio and showcased a novel technique developed by their company for “permanent soil nail retaining walls” as an example to illustrate how geotechnical engineers solve landslide problems. The science behind the concept was illustrated, the mathematics involved in the design calculations was presented, and the construction process used for the retaining wall systems was explained with pictures. This seminar illustrated how science and mathematics are integrated in engineering design and how the technology is transferred into the practice of engineering. Pictures of various other projects executed in the greater Cincinnati area were presented with ideas

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Hoffman, Quinnipiac University; Stefan C. Christov, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division

. The software development project manager needs frequent reporting on each team’sprogress to compile reporting for upper management. A key component of the workplacescenario is the need to provide clear, concise, and accurate technical information to the softwaredevelopment project manager that quickly and easily satisfies the manager’s reporting needs. Inthis way, a workplace scenario integrates technical and communications tasks. The workplacescenario and the maintenance of the handed-off software system drive the demands of the course.A workplace scenario embeds students in a technical workplace task [12]. Workplace scenariosmay be limited to a single assignment within a course or frame an entire course, as they do forthe ISD course. A

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott Dennis; Jeff Ball; Martin Bowe; Daniel Jensen

MultiMedia Session 2793 A Student-Developed Teaching Demo of an Automatic Transmission Scott Dennis, Martin Bowe, Jeff Ball, and Dan Jensen Department of Engineering Mechanics US Air Force Academy, COAbstract The core curriculum at the United States Air Force Academy emphasizes the engineeringdisciplines. The capstone of the core curriculum is a unique engineering design course, Engr410—Engineering Systems Design, all cadets take regardless of academic major. In this course,sections of approximately 16-18 senior cadets are randomly grouped resulting in a diverse mix

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Tech Session 1: IE-ing a Broader Perspective

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cristina D. Pomales-Garcia, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

presentation), an opportunity for workers to participate in the creation ofalternative work methods (student visits to the plantation), as well as improved practices andimprovement of livelihoods (Neet & Neubert, 2011). These are characterized as relevantattributes within the stakeholder’s benefit dimension.In considering this course and project experience as a whole, it is suspected that theEngineering Curriculum can go further to elicit meaningful reflections from students as anintegral part of their entire project experience. Rather than only relying on a post-projectreflective experience, as was the case here, a new model (see Figure 3) that integrates a pre-reflection activity as a means to create a deep and meaningful reflection of the

Collection

2019 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Michael Hennessey

., Brunhaver, S., Cuson, M., and Grau, M. (2014). “Bending moments to business models: Integrating an entrepreneurship case study as part of core mechanical engineering curriculum,” J. Engineering Entrepreneurship, 5(1): 1-18.[6] Davis, G. W., Hoff, C. J., and Riffe, W. J. (2011). Incorporating entrepreneurship into mechanical engineering automotive courses: Two case studies. In: Proceedings of the ASEE annual conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Washington, DC: ASEE.[7] Business Plan Resources – Kresge Guides – University of Michigan: https://kresgeguides.bus.umich.edu/c.php?g=199838&p=1314386[8] MIT Open Courseware: https://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm[9] O’Heir, J. (2016). “High-impact invention,” Mechanical

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ida B. Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Marcus Rogers, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sienna Jasmine Bates, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Megan Celeste Piper

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

ofcompetencies, even though they are not listed in the revised version[9].The NICE Framework was developed from some of the earlier attempts in the US to develop aminimum foundation that CSEC professionals graduating from an academic program shouldhave. An example here is the NSA Centers for Academic Excellence (CAE) in InformationSecurity that focused more on the theoretical aspects of CSEC and not much on the skills andabilities [10]. The next large-scale effort was more international and was spearheaded by theIEEE-CS and ACM and produced the Joint Task Force on Cybersecurity EducationCybersecurity Curriculum Guidelines for Post-Secondary Degree Programs in Cybersecurity(CSEC 2017). But here again, workforce development was not a large focus (if any

Conference Session

Technical Session 3a

Collection

2017 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Rebeka Sultana, California State University, Long Beach

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Pacific Southwest Section

andsuccess is commonly measured using exams scores or letter grades at the end of the semester.In an undergraduate engineering curriculum, the many different types of classes pose challengesand difficulties for students. To achieve a letter grade B or better, some courses are moredemanding and require more effort than the other courses. For instance, Fluid Mechanics isconsidered one of the conceptually challenging classes at the California State University, LongBeach (CSULB). Students are challenged to integrate knowledge from their prerequisite classes(math and statics) to understand the Fluid mechanics concepts and principals. Specific topicscovered in the course include Fluid Statics, Fluid Kinematics, Pressure Variation in MovingFluids

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janel Sutkus, Carnegie Mellon University; Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Trevor Harding

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, and was invited to participate in the NSF Project Based Service Learning summit. He recently received the Cal Poly 2008 President’s Service Learning Award for innovations in the use of service learning. In 2004 he was named a Templeton Research Fellow by the Center for Academic Integrity. Page 14.189.2© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 An Examination of Student Experiences Related to Engineering Ethics: Initial FindingsKey words: engineering ethics, focus groups, interviews, survey developmentIntroductionIn today’s technological society, the ethical behavior

Conference Session

Designing and Evaluating Engineering Leadership Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Harindra Rajiyah, California State University, Sacramento; Lorenzo M. Smith Ph.D., California State University, Sacramento; Susan L. Holl, College of Engineering & Computer Science, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development

leadership programs into three clusters: technical integration, developingsocial impact, and influencing core curriculum. A popular option adopted in many schools[4-11] is the creation and implementation of engineering leadership development programswhich are positioned to supplement the engineering education awarding academic credit,certification, or both. Some of these programs, particularly the Gordon-MIT LeadershipDevelopment Program culminating in certificates of leadership at the undergraduate level[7], the Gordon-Northeastern Leadership Program at the graduate level [14], and the PennState Engineering Leadership Development Minor [4], are successful engineeringleadership models which have been in existence for many years and serve as

Conference Session

STEM Education Tied to Aerospace Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hansel Burley, Texas Tech University; Terrance Denard Youngblood, Texas Tech University; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Texas Tech University; Casey Michael Williams, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

case study provides an in-depth study of the challenges andmilestones faced by the evaluation team. One challenge was understanding the uniqueengineering design-based curriculum. Another challenge was exploring the impact of a pureinquiry-based teaching program. One key milestone reached was creating a participatoryenvironment for the program evaluation. The result was an evaluation regime that was useful tothe rocket program stakeholders. Engineering an Evaluation for a Growing Rocket Program: Lessons LearnedIntroduction Perennially, educators, industrialists, social commentators, and politicians call forscience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instruction that matches anincreasingly multifaceted global economy

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Tammi Robson; Tayeb Giuma

andsimulation exercises in its undergraduate curriculum. Theseexercises are designed to enrich and expand upon the theoreticalconcepts of each course. This paper describes the development ofa an interactive web-based microprocessor and applicationstutorial. The basic goal of this interactive web-based systemis to help students build an integrated understanding of thebasic concepts, functions and operations of microprocessors andtheir applications that are commonly covered in anundergraduate core electrical and/or computer engineeringcurriculum. Intuitive understanding is often associated withvisualization skills, and many students tend to spontaneouslyvisualize concepts and relationships while they are learning 7.Therefore, the emphasis in on the

Conference Session

Assessment and Liberal Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kirsten A. Davis, Virginia Tech; Chris Gewirtz, Virginia Tech; Ramon Benitez, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. The purpose ofthis paper is to introduce the format of a new general education initiative at Virginia Tech,describe our assessment process and results, and discuss how our initial assessment will informfuture iterations of the assessment cycle. In our description of this project, we highlight thepotentially productive tension between curriculum design and assessment in an environment ofinstitutional change.Background General education is often structured in a “checklist” format, where students need tocomplete a prescribed number of credits in each of several categories. Virginia Tech has usedsuch a system for many years, but recently recognized several weaknesses of this model. First,most students lack intentionality in their

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin; Charles James Larkin, Trinity College Dublin; Shaen Corbet, Dublin City University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

Paper ID #21094Economic and Pedagogical Analysis of an Alternative Model of EngineeringEducationDr. R. Alan Cheville, Bucknell University Alan Cheville studied optoelectronics and ultrafast optics at Rice University, followed by 14 years as a faculty member at Oklahoma State University working on ultrafast optoelectronics and engineering edu- cation. While at Oklahoma State, he led a major curriculum reform initiative. After serving for two and a half years as a program director in engineering education at the National Science Foundation, he took a chair position in electrical engineering at Bucknell University. He is

Conference Session

ET Administrative Issues

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin R. Cook, Montana State University; Robb E. Larson, Montana State University; Daniel Miller

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #22624Using Lean Principles to Improve an Engineering Technology AssessmentProcessProf. Kevin R. Cook, Montana State University Kevin Cook is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Montana State University with primary teaching responsibilities supporting the Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) program. He also serves as the Curriculum Coordinator of the Mechanical and Indus- trial Engineering Department, supporting curricular activities of the MET, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial and Management Systems Engineering programs. Mr. Cook holds a B.S. degree in