Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Lorraine Holub; G.V. Loganathan; Craig Moore; Bill Greenberg

; mathematical writing(http://www.fandm.edy/departments/mathematics) emphasizing clear explanations, unclutteredexpositions on the page, and well organized presentation; tutorials involving a significantnumber of drill problems with help on demand for students working in peer groups or on anindividual basis so that mistakes are fixed without any delay. A component that should be addedto the above list is a well-conceived set of hands-on experiments. It is well known that what youremember the most is what you have learned by doing. While that statement is readily accepted,the time constraint combined with the multidisciplinary nature of experiments (mini projects) isoften cited for not carrying it out as part of calculus class. At Virginia Tech, the

Conference Session

Freshman Curriculum Development

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Mark Palmer

(aq) + HCl(aq) –> NaCl(aq) after calculating the )H for the following reactions:NaOH(s) –> NaOH(aq) and NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) –> NaCl(aq).Acid - Base Titration - Students determined the concentration dependence of pH for carbonicacid and then estimated the amount of base required to neutralize the acid. They repeated this forcalculation HCl, and by comparison learn that the difference between a strong and weak acid.Kinetics - The students determined the rate law of crystal violet (CV) + NaOH to determine if itis an elementary process.In these experiments the students were not given specific experimental conditions to examine,and were required to write a brief lab memo (with an introduction, procedure, results anddiscussion) to explaining

Conference Session

Design, Assessment, and Curriculum

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Teodora Rutar; Steven Beyerlein; Phillip Thompson; Lawrence McKenzie; Denny Davis; Kenneth Gentili; Patricia Daniels; Michael Trevisan

where they show offtheir capstone design projects. Furthermore, they are asked to make a journal entry analyzingtheir individual performance with the rubric suggested by Figure 3 and outlining a personal planof action for elevating their skills to the next level. They are also asked to speculate whyengineering students typically score much lower on the teamwork and communication sectionsthan the design process sections and are asked to suggest actions that could be taken across thecurriculum to improve performance in these areas.At Seattle University some freshman classes take the instrument as an ice-breaker in thebeginning engineering course. This experience initiates fellowship among their peers and helpsstudents see the big picture of what

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Zbigniew Hladysz; Robert Corey; JASON ASH; Glen Stone; Dale Skillman; Charles Kliche; Larry Stetler; David Dixon; Larry Simonson; Stuart Kellogg

Project-Based Learning Incorporating Design and Teaming Larry D. Stetler, Stuart D. Kellogg, David J. Dixon, Glen A. Stone, Larry A. Simonson, Zbigniew J. Hladysz, Charles Kliche, Robert Corey, Dale Skillman, Jason T. Ash South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701Abstract:Projects that provide inquisitive design and analysis are utilized in a 1st-year engineering andscience curriculum at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology to introduce students toexperimentation, data collection, analysis, technical report writing, and presentation. Projectsallow for construction of numerical models, development of predictions, and

Conference Session

Computers in Education General Technical Session I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yizhe Chang, Stevens Institute of Technology; El-Sayed Aziz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sven K. Esche, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

analysis, engineering analysis and finite element methods and has interests in remote laboratories, project-based learning and student learning assessment. His research is in the areas of remote sensing and control with applications to remote experimentation as well as modeling of microstructure changes in metal forming processes. He publishes regularly in peer-reviewed conference proceedings and scientific journals. At the 2006 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition in Chicago, USA, he received the Best Paper Award for his article ’A Virtual Laboratory on Fluid Mechanics’.Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Magdalini Z. Lagoudas, Texas A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

not effective to keep students’ interest in their majors. This is particularlytrue for the engineering majors.There are efforts to cultivate more student-centered learning pedagogies in higher education(Bransford, Brown, and Cocking, 2000; McKenna, Yalvac, and Light, 2009). Transformingengineering education context from a teacher-centered orientation to a learner-centeredorientation is a common interest in engineering education research. Group work, formativeassessment, contextualized instruction, use of peer review and self-reflective tools, and out-ofclass collaborations are some learning-centered instructional strategies (Bransford, Brown, andCocking, 2000; Yalvac, Smith, Hirsch, and Troy, 2007; Yalvac, Smith, Hirsch, & Birol, 2006

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Michael C. Loui, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

to understand, their knowledge can sometimes be incomplete or inaccurate. Forexample, the FCI revealed that students struggle to learn the force concept much more than theirinstructors initially believed14. Instructors also may not fully know which misconceptions areprevalent among their students or even how students misunderstand core concepts. Studentsmust be interviewed to determine which topics are truly difficult and why students fail tounderstand these core concepts correctly. If possible, these interviews should catalogue specific,identifiable misconceptions about standard problems in the discipline.Step 3. Write concept inventory items and draft the concept inventory: Using data from Step 2,CI developers should construct multiple

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marilyn Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

aerospace students2. GIT AE alumni3. NASA and industry new employees getting oriented4. Engineers refreshing pre-requisites for Distance Learning graduate school5. GIT AE graduate students taking courses across technical disciplines6. Graduate students preparing for PhD Qualifying Examination7. NASA and industry experienced engineers working on new proposals/ projects8. Cross-disciplinary project teamsEXTROVERT GatewayAs planned, the first two years of the project are devoted to intense resource development, whilethe final year will be devoted to user and peer assessment, refinement and publication. A basicstructure to facilitate content addition and user experience has been designed and implemented.The EXTROVERT gateway serves as the portal to the

Conference Session

Track 3 - Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Megan Mercedes Echevarria, International Engineering Program, University of Rhode Island; Sigrid -- Berka, University of Rhode Island

Tagged Topics

Student Development

abroad experience significantly greater growth during subsequent immersion activities. Page 20.30.5We suspect that, regardless of whether or not the entire cohort of students participating in thesustainability service-learning project chooses to return to Chile for their full year abroad, all ofthose students will have a distinct advantage over their peers who have not participated in anyshort-term programs. The assessment surveys that we are developing as part of this activity willhelp us document, analyze and report differences in comfort levels between different cohortswhen exposed to a foreign culture.Our fourth activity is a specialized

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sriram Sundararajan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

50 articles in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings and two invited book chapters. He serves on the conference committee for the International Conference on Wear of Materials and has been recognized for his accomplishments with the Young Engineering Faculty Research Award and Early Achievement in Teaching Award at Iowa State University. He received his B.E. degree in mechanical engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (India), followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is a member of ASEE, ASME, and ASM

Conference Session

Student Development and Assessment in IE Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaseen Mahmud, Morgan State University; Masud Salimian, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

extend them to realworld problems. Since assessment of student development in three of the above four categoriesis not an easy task, the majority of schools[6] that offer OR courses have their main focus on theimplementation of the third item (developing operational skills).Based on that, students learn how to perform the simplex method, its iterations, write the dualproblem, and perform sensitivity analysis with or without the use of software. An instructorspends many hours trying to teach the procedural steps which are tedious, repetitive, and requirecareful attention to the details, but it is easy to learn.The concepts, on the other hand, require a higher learning mechanism and instructorstraditionally find insufficient time for such

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Dean Palmer, Northern Arizona University; Eck Doerry, Northern Arizona University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

out brackets,rules, and time limits so that the audience could clearly seewho was winning at any given moment…and so we could Figure  3.  A  Digital  Carnival  poster  jointly  award a winner immediately at the end of the carnival. sponsored  with  SUN  Entertainment.  Being computer scientists, our ACM members saw this asa software problem and responded by writing a sophisticated program to manage competitionbrackets and scoring, as well as an elaborate on-line preregistration system. Nonetheless, humanjudges remained important to monitor the events, verify the scores, and input the data.The third problem we identified centered around finding a viable financial model for the DigitalCarnival or, better yet, finding a way to turn

Conference Session

High School Students Thinking and Performance

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamecia R. Jones, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

knowledge and conceptual knowledge can be challenging. Ideally,teachers would be able to trace thinking through the design rationale as the design proceeds, notjust retrospectively or from static project artifacts. They would also be able to use technology tosupplement teaching documentation and communication. The use of technology and culturaltechnology methods of communication has potential to impact assessment in K-12 engineeringeducation. Seventy-five percent of teens have cell phones2 and over 50% of teenagers 17 andyounger have access to the Internet outside of school and send email or text messages at leastonce a week. Twitter and other text-messaging tools help to motivate and encourage students todo more writing and encourage interactions

Conference Session

Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen W. Crown, University of Texas, Pan American

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

experiencesthat promote STEM play a critical role in many students’ lives in these important transitionyears. The methods and long term impact of one such program with a twenty-six year trackrecord of attracting and preparing minority students is examined. The Pre-Freshman EngineeringProgram (PREP) is an educational summer program aimed at Hispanic middle and high schoolstudents to increase educational preparedness and interest in STEM fields. The three yearacademic program that serves middle and high school students interested in STEM runs sevenweeks each summer. Courses (Introduction to Engineering, Logic, Computer Science, AlgebraicStructures, Introduction to Physics, Problem Solving, Introduction to Probability and Statistics,and Technical Writing

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Pariyothorn, Texas A&M University; Robin L. Autenrieth, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

by contributing to ongoing faculty research projects or pursuing anindependent research topic. More than 555 participants have completed the USRG program sincethe summer of 2000.The objectives of the program are to: 1) provide immersive research experience(s) forengineering undergraduates; 2) increase participant’s interest in pursuing graduate studies withan emphasis on the Ph.D. program; 3) increase participant’s awareness of the graduate schoolexperience; 4) provide an outlet to enhance participant’s writing and communications skills; 5)increase participant’s understanding of the graduate school application process for admissionsand fellowships; and subsequently, 6) position participants to be more competitive for graduateadmissions and

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jared P. Coyle, Drexel University; Adam K. Fontecchio, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

wereunfamiliar with what they saw, they were encouraged to write this. If there were topics ofparticular interest to a specific group, they were also encouraged to indicate that in their graffiti.As a result, a set of 14 metro maps containing anecdotal evidence of student backgroundknowledge was generated. The information that the students wrote down was characterized in 5ways: Total response (Did the students give any response at all?), Positive and NegativeResponse (Did the students respond positively or negatively to the idea?) and Informed andUninformed Response (Did the students demonstrate pre-existing and accurate knowledge abouta subject?).This graffiti method is also being carried out during the middle of the year in January and againat the end

Conference Session

Teaching and Pedagogy Issues in Graduate Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin M. Foley, Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan; Ashley M. Verhoff, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan; John J. Pitre Jr., Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan; Kathleen Marie Ropella, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, peer participants provide feedback on workshopaspects that may need to be addressed prior to the official workshop, which include, in part,notation consistency, instructional pace, breadth of material, and timing. The practice workshopsare held one week prior to the scheduled time of implementation, which ensures there is time toaddress the concerns of the workshop participants.Both the instructor and the workshop participants can benefit from these practice workshops. Forstudent instructors, they provide opportunities to speak in front of an audience that is committed Page 24.1404.3to teaching. The audience can see subtleties that may have been

Conference Session

Sustainability

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James E. Wilcox , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

such initiatives, with LLC organized aroundsustainability having been established at more than a handful of colleges and universitiesnationwide. Proponents of living and learning communities point to social and educationalbenefits beyond enrollment and retention, such as better academic performance, studentengagement (civic, intellectual, and social), and critical thinking owning to experiential learningand co-curricular (and extra-curricular) learning opportunities. Also expected are more reliableand effective student transitions into higher education owing to the peer support network and rolemodels built around shared interests and positive identities (Tinto, 2000; Zhao and Kuh, 2004;Inkelas, et al, 2006; Brower and Inkelas, 2010). This

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew West, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

model instructor Table 1: Timetable of reform development, implementation, and planned future work for the three courses Introductory Dynamics, Introductory Solid Mechanics, and Introductory Statics. Work in 2014 is planned, while work prior to 2014 is completed at the time of writing. See Table 2 for a list of specific reforms.pedagogies as faculty teach different content, do not collect data, or resist the implications of datathat they did not collect. By creating joint course ownership, faculty are able to participate in animplement-evaluate development cycle. This cycle begins by identifying areas for improvement.Then faculty implement targeted reforms and evaluate whether these reforms produce

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen M. Short, University of the District of Columbia- CC, Workforce Development and Lifelong Learning ; Annie R. Pearce, Virginia Tech; Christine Marie Fiori P.E., Virginia Tech; Tanyel Bulbul, Virginia Tech; Andrew McCoy, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

analysis leaving a total of109 responses. The majority of participants, 71, selected yes as the response. Three participantsselected no as their response. It would depend on was selected by 35 participants with themajority of the follow up write in responses listing experience as the condition that wouldinfluence the salary. This is in alignment with the responses to the earlier question which notedexperience considerably favored over education.A third question asked participants if new employee hires with industry experience would beoffered a higher starting salary than someone without industry experience. This question offeredthree response choices: yes, no, it would depend on (please specify). All 110 participantsresponded to this question. One

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in the Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Kevin C. Bower PE, The Citadel; Kaitlin Marley, The Citadel; Ally Kindel Martin, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

major.Approximately half of students will decide to leave the major before the start of their sophomoreyear [2]. The decision to leave the engineering major can be based on many factors including: ifa student is failing courses in their major, motivation to do well in school, external influences(peers/parents) and change in attitude about the major. There are some students who view themajor as a means to make a competitive salary upon graduation and others who have a truepassion for the study of how engineering connects the world. Page 24.1346.2Supplemental Instruction (SI) was created to assist students in high risk courses by offeringsessions throughout the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

CREATE Renewable Energy Network; • Collaborate and write section of paper for inclusion in a peer-reviewed paper; • Participate in at least two online virtual learning community meetings; and • Provide feedback and formal evaluation information to CREATE on the impact of the Renewable Energy Network on teaching and learning (including student assessment and demographic information). Name: ____________________________________________________________________ Signature: _____________________________________ Date: _______________________Chancellor/President’s Certification: I have reviewed [insert name ________________________'s] application to the CREATE US- Australia Renewable Energy Learning Exchange and Network and fully support

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 8: Professional Development for Graduate Students

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Elisabeth Gehr, Purdue University; Emily Garcia, Purdue University; Stephen McBride, Purdue University; Joseph Vincent Rispoli, Purdue University ; Christopher Greg Brinton; Suzanne Swaine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

their education [5],but students are typically unaware that advisor and mentor are often not synonymous despite theoverlap in responsibilities. An advisor is an integral part of the doctoral student’s academicexperience and career path as advisors will write recommendation letters, provide a network,assist in publishing, provide funding, and can increase long-term job satisfaction [3], [6]. But inaddition to these responsibilities, doctoral students require customized mentorship from theiradvisors based on individual characteristics and progress toward their degree [7].A high-quality, effective mentor will provide both career-related and psychosocial support,offering guidance and resources for the mentee’s professional development, self

Conference Session

Undergraduate Students' Professional Skills and Reflection

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Virginia Charter, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

themselves as more competentthan their white peers for several of the generic skills, most of which are often considered to besoft skills. These findings have implications on research and practice in the engineeringeducation of minorities in order to grow and build a stronger more diverse engineeringworkforce.Introduction Assessment and continuous improvement of student outcomes in contemporaryengineering higher education programs are focal points in program-specific accreditation. ABET,one of the largest accreditors of engineering programs, has an accreditation model that includesthree elements: student outcomes, self-assessment, and continuous improvement. According toDuff [3], outcomes assessment becomes most successful when everyone

Conference Session

Exploration of Broad Issues and Promotion of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

sandwich (cooperative) principle of integrated periods of study and trainingin industry. The most popular was six months in industry followed by six months in collegein each of four successive years [4].A requirement of the NCTA was that all students for their diplomas should have participatedin programs of liberal study. This was reinforced in 1957 by a government edict that extendedthe idea of compulsory liberal studies to all levels of technical education even though muchof it was part time study [5]. By 1962 it was seen that the development of literacy, that is theability to read and write, was essential for the general education of all students. Thus, it wasthat in those colleges the term Liberal Studies came to be substituted by General

Collection

2021 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Kofi Nyarko, Morgan State University; Sacharia Albin, Norfolk State University; John Okyere Attia P.E., Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

lectureseries by STEM faculty and researchers across all partner institutions and collaborating industrypartners. At the end of the summer, students write a project report while teachers complete theirlesson plans and associated activities. The REU/RET teams present their work at a virtual researchsymposium coordinated by the lead institution. They also create a video ‘elevator pitch’ on theirexperience that is made available on the program website. All students are encouraged to continuetheir research at their home institution. The top 9 students across the whole program are selectedto receive stipends during the academic year specifically for this purpose.High school teachers are often tasked with providing quality education with very few resources

Conference Session

Tablet and Portable PCs for Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ricky Castles, Virginia Tech; Eric Scott, Virginia Tech; Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Vinod Lohani, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

training for the graders, primarily to go over the provided instructionaldocument and to answer any questions they had about the process.Environmental BenefitAs was previously mentioned, approximately 1,400 students submitted their homeworkassignments electronically, instead of in a paper format, each weekfor 14 weeks.Assignmentsvaried in length ranging from a single-page submission up to about ten pages. The number ofpages used is dependent on many factors including the size of each student’s writing and theirverbosity, but it is estimated that on average students submitted about 5 pages for eachhomework assignment. By simple multiplication it can be determined that the paper savings by

Conference Session

Ensuring Access to K - 12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amit Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin-Madison; GWEN EBERT, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

twenty years. The goal for ESP is to prepare high school students for collegestudy in the field of engineering and science, and to attract these students to the UW-Madison.The program targets students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds including AfricanAmerican, Latino, Native American, Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong or Vietnamese. We alsoselect female students who would be first generation college students.The students are exposed to basic foundational courses that are fundamental to the engineeringdiscipline: pre-calculus or calculus depending on the background of the student, physics,chemistry, computer science, and technical writing. Students are exposed to various engineeringfields through short discipline specific laboratories and

Conference Session

Understanding Student Development in Design

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Madeline Polmear, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nathan E. Canney, Seattle University; Christopher W. Swan, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

werefound in the frequency that some ethical topics were taught among individuals in differentdisciplines, as summarized in Table 4. Overall, civil engineering capstone design instructorsreported a higher number of ethics topics as compared to peers in electrical or mechanicalengineering. This may indicate a greater overall focus on ethics in civil engineering capstonedesign courses.Table 4. Percentage of senior capstone design instructors who teach different ethics topics Ethics-Related Topic Civil Mechanical Electrical Chi test p value Sustainability 78 43 35 <0.0001 Ethical failures/disaster 73 51 41 0.01

Conference Session

ET Curriculum & Programs

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey L. Newcomer, Western Washington University; Nikki Larson, Western Washington University; Todd D. Morton, Western Washington University; Derek M. Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

under the any of the EAC program areas, so that program only had to meet the generalEAC curricular requirements.The general and program-specific EAC requirements set minimums for the size of the math andscience foundation and specified the inclusion of a small set of topics or courses, which still leftus quite a bit of flexibility for determining the content of each program, especially at the upperdivision. To make sure that we were not going far afield, we took the time to research otherprograms. Because EE is a very large field, we started with a list of 93 programs at similar uni-versities and then eventually narrowed that list to a set of six programs that we considered to beaspirational peers. MFGE, however, is a relatively small field