Conference Session

Faculty Development Lightning Talks

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tahsin Mahmud Chowdhury, Virginia Tech; Ashley R. Taylor, Virginia Tech; Homero Murzi, Virginia Tech; Desen Sevi Özkan, Virginia Tech; Hannah Claire Strom, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Constituent Committee

Paper ID #27165Research Paper: Where Do We Meet? Understanding Conference Participa-tion in a Department of Engineering EducationMr. Tahsin Mahmud Chowdhury, Virginia Tech Tahsin Mahmud Chowdhury is a PhD student at Virginia Tech in the department of Engineering Edu- cation. Tahsin holds a BSc. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from IUT, Dhaka and has worked as a manufacturing professional at a Fortune 500. He is actively engaged in different projects at the department involving teamwork, communication and capstone design with a focus on industrial engineering practice.Ms. Ashley R. Taylor, Virginia Tech

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Assessment in the First Year

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joshua A. Enszer, University of Delaware; Jenni M. Buckley, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #30242Algorithm for Consistent Grading in an Introduction to Engineering CourseProf. Joshua A Enszer, University of Delaware Joshua Enszer is an associate professor in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Delaware. He has taught core and elective courses across the curriculum, from introduction to engineering science and material and energy balances to process control, capstone design, and mathematical modeling of chemical and environmental systems. His research interests include technology and learning in various incarnations: electronic portfolios as a means for assessment and professional

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineers and Professional Development - June 23rd

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexis Ortiz-Rosario, Ohio State University; Nathan Hyungsok Choe, Ohio State University; Amena Shermadou, Ohio State University; David A. Delaine, Ohio State University; Tanya M. Nocera, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

their senior capstone projects. His current projects include indus- try integration in the curriculum, undergraduate professional development, and entrepreneurial minded learning in the classroom.Dr. Nathan Hyungsok Choe, The Ohio State University Dr. Nathan (Hyungsok) Choe is a research assistant professor in department of engineering education at the Ohio State University. He obtained his PhD in STEM education at UT Austin. His research focuses on the development of engineering identity in graduate school and underrepresented group. Dr. Choe holds master’s and bachelor’s degrees in electrical engineering from Illinois Tech. He also worked as an engineer at LG electronics mobile communication company.Amena Shermadou

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Diversity 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rafal Jonczyk, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland, and Pennsylvania State University; Yushuang Liu, Pennsylvania State University; Danielle S. Dickson, Pennsylvania State University ; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Janet van Hell, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

the extent to which creative ideation may be modulated by prior knowledge and training.Ms. Yushuang Liu, The Pennsylvania State University Yushuang Liu is a graduate student in Psychology and Language Science at Penn State. She is generally interested in natural speech processing using electroencephalogram. She has been actively involved in creativity projects examining how to facilitate divergent thinking abilities in engineering students.Dr. Danielle S. Dickson, Pennsylvania State University Dr. Dickson received her a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2016 with a dissertation examining the memory system’s representation of numerical information, using behavioral and electrophysiological

Conference Session

Connecting BME education to the "real world"

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya M. Nocera, The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Alexis Ortiz-Rosario, The Ohio State University; Amena Shermadou, Ohio State University; David A. Delaine, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

in the department of biomedical engineering at The Ohio State University. He holds a B.S. in industrial engineering from the University of Puerto Rico Mayag¨uez, and a M.S. and PhD in biomedical engineering from The Ohio State University. His current position entails teaching measurements and instrumentation courses, leading micro and nano educational labs, as well as mentoring students in their senior capstone projects. His current projects include indus- try integration in the curriculum, undergraduate professional development, and entrepreneurial minded learning in the classroom.Amena Shermadou, Ohio State University Amena Shermadou is an Engineering Education graduate student at The Ohio State University. She

Conference Session

EDGD: Assessment & Student Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #23172Sketching, Assessment, and Persistence in Spatial Visualization Training Ona TouchscreenProf. Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego Nathan Delson’s interests include mechatronics, biomedical devices, human-machine interfaces, and en- gineering education. He isCo-founder and Past President of Coactive Drive Corp., which develops novel actuators and control methods for use in force feedback human interfaces. Medical device projects include an instrumented mannequin and laryngoscope for expert skill acquisition and airway intubation training. He received his undergraduate degree in mechanical

Conference Session

Active learning in BME, Session II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian P. Helmke, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

± 0.78 learn. The class discussions helped me explore the class content. 4.29 ± 0.66 The Concept Questions and Practice Problems helped me learn. 4.49 ± 0.64 Homework problems and test questions helped me assess my progress learning 4.12 ± 0.62 the course content. The structure of this course encouraged me to explore outside resources to help 3.94 ± 1.07 me learn. I can relate what I learned in this course to other courses, my Capstone/Thesis 4.12 ± 0.88 project, and topics in the fields of biomedical engineering and medicine.Learning EnvironmentStudent perceptions of the learning environment were assessed using a series of seven Likert-type questions encoded on a

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Programs

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Park, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Ananda Mani Paudel, Metropolitan State University of Denver

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Internet of Things, it is vital, with respect to U.S. manufacturing, that we produce graduateswell prepared to fill the professional manufacturing jobs of the future.The multidisciplinary nature of the degree program is highlighted in the paper, as are the program’s corecompetencies and skill set development emphases. In addition, the various industry partnershipsformed to-date under the AMSI umbrella, with a view to supporting the degree program in a sustainablefashion, are highlighted.1. Introduction.As has been noted by various industry analysts, including Deloitte and the Manufacturing Institute [1],more than 2 million manufacturing jobs are projected to go unfilled in the U.S. over the next decade.Only around 40% of a projected 3.5 million

Conference Session

Assessment I: Developing Assessment Tools

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Curtis Cohenour Ph.D., P. E., Ohio University; Audra Hilterbran, Ohio University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #14471Automated Grading of Excel Workbooks Using MatlabDr. Curtis Cohenour Ph.D., P. E., Ohio University Dr. Cohenour is an Assistant Professor in the Ohio University Engineering Technology and Management Department, in Athens, Ohio. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from West Virginia Institute of Technology in 1980, a Master of Science degree from Ohio University in 1988, and a Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering from Ohio University in 2009. He is a registered professional engineer in West Virginia, and Ohio. Dr. Cohenour has worked in Industry as an electrical engineer and project manager. He joined Ohio

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bob Brennan, University of Calgary; Simon Li P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

mechanical engineering students. In Concordia University, he has offered courses in Quality and Systems Engineer- ing for graduate students with different engineering backgrounds. In University of Calgary, Dr. Li is one instructor of the final-year design course and offers a new technical elective ”Design for Sustainabil- ity”. Currently, he is the capstone design instructor in the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Assessing the Efficacy of Supplemental Online Lecture Modules in a Core Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate CourseAbstractIn this paper, we report on a study performed in a core, 2nd year mechanical

Conference Session

Explorations in Mechanics Pedagogy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Charles E. Riley, Oregon Institute of Technology; Luciana R. Barroso, Texas A&M University; David G. Pollock P.E., George Fox University; Jennifer Light, Lewis & Clark College; Adam Lenz, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

MaterialsIntroductionThe work reported in this paper begins with the end of a previous research project. Our earlierwork investigated student understanding of mechanics of materials1–3. After describing howstudents understand this topic, we wanted to move on to developing course materials to helpbuild on students’ existing understanding and address misconceptions. This is not an unusualprogression, and, indeed, our initial research in this area showed us that most course materialsthat are developed from research never achieve broad adoption4. Many engineering educatorsdevelop their own materials, duplicating researchers’ efforts and potentially denying students thebenefit of research-based materials with proven effectiveness. The lack of adoption is a

Conference Session

Various Prospectives in Power Systems

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Richard Walsh, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

underdevelopment. Students are being encouraged to get involved with this work in the form ofindependent studies or senior capstone projects. Such a project would require the studentor team to develop a significant component in PowerX to include design, development, Page 26.1604.13testing and documentation of their work.ConclusionThis paper presented an overview of a software application called PowerX that initiallystarted out as a research tool and eventually made its way into the classroom to helpstudents get a better understanding of power systems problems and solutions to theseproblems. For the most part, student response has been very positive and assessment

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curricular Design and Assessment

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Salzman, Boise State University; Vicki Stieha, Boise State University; Amy J. Moll, Boise State University; JoAnn S. Lighty, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

is a multidisciplinary design intensive vertical curriculumsupported at the 200-level, 300-level, and capstone levels by three newly developed coursesfocused on engineering design. Grounded in human-centered design and design thinking, thesecourses will focus on developing the skills necessary to understand users’ experiences andidentify and develop appropriate solutions for design problems. The addition of these threedesign courses, along with engineering design activities in our established First-YearEngineering program, introduces a “design spine” in the curriculum that emphasizes problem-based learning across all four years of the engineering degree program. While this curriculumsupports contemporary students’ desire for flexibility and

Conference Session

Works-in-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy L. Carter, Northeastern University; Samira M. Azarin, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Janie Brennan, Washington University in St. Louis; Elizabeth Hill, University of Minnesota Duluth; Amy J. Karlsson, University of Maryland - College Park

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

must betaught in the core courses [8]. According to a Summer/Fall 2015 survey of chemical engineeringprograms, only 23% of the 148 programs required a chemical process safety course [10]. Morerecent ASEE course surveys of Material and Energy Balances, Kinetics and Process Controlcourses indicate that 60-80% of those courses include a safety topic in the course [11, 12, 13].Core capstone courses are a natural fit for safety outcomes, as are upper level courses such asUnit Operations (UO) laboratories [7]. UO laboratories, as a core course that has designexperience and/or experiments within it, is an optimal place for safety outcomes to be covered.  It should be noted that the need for process safety education is not new; the challenge is

Collection

2018 ASEE Conferences - Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration / San Antonio proceedings

Authors

Rafic Bachnak; Susan Eskin; Dave Wirick

molecular biology. The secondpart of the day students explored nature’s pharmacy through a taste, touch, and feel experience.Computer Science -- Participants learned the basics of programming in Java, as they created botsthat played a video game. At the end of the session, students pitted their bots against each otherin a Bot!Battle! tournament. The Bot!Battle! system was developed by Computer Sciencestudents at Penn State University-Harrisburg as part of their Senior Capstone projects.Civil Engineering -- Past, present, and future of construction materials: Think the GeneralMotor’s commercial “It’s not your father’s Oldsmobile.” First, students learned how materialshave evolved. They explored materials used in today’s construction through hands-on

Conference Session

Innovative Development for Various Faculty Lines

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jes Barron, U.S. Military Academy; Andrew Ross Pfluger, U.S. Military Academy; Kathryn K Pegues, United States Military Academy; Thomas Bazemore

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering, Faculty Development Division

. Specifically, allnew faculty participate in a ~6 weeklong initial summer training workshop run at the departmentlevel. Here, new faculty are given the opportunity to develop relationships with their facultycohort as they explore foundational teaching skills. New faculty members also completenumerous events designed to indoctrinate them into our university’s community. Beyond initialsummer training, our university maintains the Center for Faculty Excellence (CFE), whichprovides numerous faculty development opportunities throughout the academic year. The mostintensive CFE offering is the Master Teacher Program, which is a two-year program consistingof teaching-related classes and a required capstone project. To graduate, faculty members mustcomplete a

Collection

2020 Mid-Atlantic Spring Conference

Authors

Abigail R Brown; Barbara Cerefin, Rowan University; Lauren Gallo, Rowan University; Sarah Ramsey, Rowan University; Kaitlin Mallouk, Rowan University

beginning were found to be Learning Styles andMotivation. Most end reflections focused on Time Management-Balance and Study Habits. Thisstudy helps elucidate what students think about when they reflect on themselves as learners andcould be used by faculty to increase student motivation or ease student concerns. Future studiescould investigate how student responses to these reflection prompts relate to their outcomes inthe course or try to better understand students’ reflections through interviews or focus groups.References[1] M. D. Marsolek and N. E. Canney, “Facilitating Habitual Reflection in Students - Application to an Engineering Capstone Project,” ​2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), E ​ ire, PA, USA. 2016.[2] J.A

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Kramer, Kansas State University; Todd Easton, Kansas State University

. students, four of them are taking undergraduate courses in the same semester thatthe student plans to defend his/her thesis. These courses range from the capstone IMSEundergraduate experience to Technical Writing and even some undergraduate general educationclasses. Page 12.397.77. Future of the ProgramOur program was the first of its kind in the K-State College of Engineering. It causedconsiderable debate among the engineering faculty during course and curriculum procedures.Most questions were challenging whether the program met university guidelines. Aftersuccessfully answering these questions, many engineering faculty member expressed support

Conference Session

The New Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK2)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Evans, Bucknell University; Daniel Lynch, Dartmouth College

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Sciences.Effective delivery of professional service depends critically upon these connections.The formal education process sets the stage for individuals to become effective professionals. Inpractice, virtually all projects and design work involve varying degrees of integration of socialsciences knowledge, such as economic and socio-political aspects. Engineers must be able torecognize and incorporate these considerations into the development, delivery, and evaluation ofsolutions to engineering problems. Continued development of professional competence must Page 13.623.9come from life-long learning, mentorship from senior engineers, and practical experience

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Williams, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, otherdepartments have had the test set up as a demonstration during another lab. The lab is a resource for other student courses, particularly senior capstone projects. Themost commonly used apparatus is the hardness tester. This efficiency has its costs. Effective utilization of time means that more tests can beconducted in a lab session. For example, there is an annual consumption of 850 metal tensilespecimens. Individual departments surrender control of equipment and facilities.Evaluation The basis for student assessment of this instructional facility is challenging. It is difficult toisolate the lab facility itself from the course and the effectiveness of TAs. The best method hasbeen to set up focus group meetings at the end of the semester

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Anthony Dean, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Vehicle Dynamics 3 AE 477 High Performance Piston Engines 3 MET 435W Senior Capstone Project 3 ENMA 301 Engineering Management 3 ENMA 302 Engineering Economics 3 ENMA 401 Project Management 3 ENMA 420 Statistics 3 Total 45All of the courses listed above are currently being offered at the main campus. The MET coursesare also part of the MET program and

Conference Session

Best of Computer in Education Division

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Smitesh Bakrania, Rowan University; Sean Banger

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

://gatsbyslight.com/essay-grader.php, accessed Sunday, January 6, 20139. Desire2Learn, https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/desire2learn-assignment-grader/id496587100?mt=8, accessed Sunday, January 6, 2013.10. Speed Grader, https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/speedgrader-for-ipad/id418441195?mt=8, accessed Sunday, January 6, 2013.11. HighMarks, https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/highmarks/id505953578?mt=8, accessed Sunday, January 6, 2013.12. K. Alfrey and E. Cooney, “Developing a Rubric to Assess Critical Thinking in Assignments with an Open-ended Component,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, June 2009, Austin, TX.13. D. Jones, “Successful use of rubrics to assess student performance in capstone projects,” Proceedings of the

Conference Session

Product and Venture Creation Curriculum

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Wilburn Clouse

ideas into a business venture.This research is part of an ongoing research project between the Entrepreneurship EducationForum at Vanderbilt University and the School of Engineering Tennessee TechnologicalUniversity (TTU) to investigate ways of developing teams to think creatively andentrepreneurially. This is part of TTU's NSF grant on Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Thispresentation will report on the activities related to developing cross-discipline entrepreneurshipteams and the process related to taking ideas for the mind to the market place. Project objectiveare as follows:Project Objectives1) The introduction of the idea of an Entrepreneurship Team2) The development of an Entrepreneurship Team3) The development of a series of activities

Conference Session

Factors Impacting Engineering Career Choices, Including Engaging Families

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Boynton P.E., Virginia Tech; Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2012-3769: ENGINEERING AS A CAREER CHOICE AMONG RU-RAL APPALACHIAN STUDENTSMr. Matthew Boynton P.E., Virginia Tech Matthew Boynton is a doctoral student in the Engineering Education Department at Virginia Tech. Before entering Virginia Tech, he earned a B.S. and M.S. in civil and environmental engineering, and an Ed.S in instructional leadership from Tennessee Technological University. His engineering work experience includes work within a rural telecommunications service provider and an environmental consulting firm. While working toward his M.S. and Ed.S, Boynton worked with the Extended Education Department at Tennessee Technological University teaching Project Lead the Way engineering courses in rural high

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kingsley Reeves, University of South Florida; Bill Blank, University of South Florida; Victor Hernandez-Gantes, University of South Florida; Maniphone Dickerson, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

AC 2010-1675: USING CONSTRUCTIVIST TEACHING STRATEGIES INPROBABILITY AND STATISTICSKingsley Reeves, University of South FloridaBill Blank, University of South FloridaVictor Hernandez-Gantes, University of South FloridaManiphone Dickerson, University of South Florida Page 15.1322.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Using Constructivist Teaching Strategies in Probability and StatisticsAbstractThis paper discusses the early results of an NSF EEC project that focuses on the impact of usingconstructivist approaches to teaching probability and statistics for engineers. Twelve exerciseswere developed and used in a modified version of the course to promote student

Conference Session

Design for Community

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Edmund Tsang

construction of a prototype, a group of business students enrolled in MGMT 301,“Project Management,” conducted a market study during Summer 2003 to assess the marketpotential of OPTX. A letter survey was sent to 100 private and public middle-school teachers inthree geographic (rural, suburban, and urban) areas of Michigan. Forty-nine responses werereceived (49% return rate). Sixteen percent of the respondents have taught between 1-to-5 years,31% 6-to-10 years, 22% 11-to-15 years, and 24% 16 years or more.The major findings of the survey were: 1. All respondents agreed a new approach is needed to teach light reflection, refraction, absorption, and transmission; 2. 90% of all respondents stated OPTX would be useful for multiple lessons; 3. 12

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Papers Session

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

June Marshall; John Marshall

pilot characterprograms. As of May 1999, nine states have initiated such projects. In Virginia, Georgia,Florida, and Mississippi legislation has been passed mandating that Character Educationprograms be implemented statewide. As a result, teacher education programs are nowbeing called on to provide a basic framework of Ethics and Character Education topreservice teachers. Greer (1998) believes that matters will certainly grow worse if theschools of education-and their colleagues in the liberal arts colleges-do not prepare thenation’s future teachers to teach effectively about morals and character.Developing an Ethics Education ComponentIn the fall of 1998, discussions began in our traditional four-year teacher preparatoryprogram on how to

Conference Session

Best Zone Papers

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Scott DeLoach; Eric Matson

short lecture period with questions and answers. Then we show aNASA movie with robots venturing to Mars as a way to describe the future andpossibilities of robotics. The capstone experience is a set of experiments to allow thechildren to have a sensory experience with the robots. The agenda is identical for all ageswith the exception that the high school students are the only group to participate in theMulti-agent Race experiment.In the lecture, we discuss human and robot intelligence, then progress into learning andfinish with sensors. In each phase we compare and contrast the way humans use thesecapabilities to the way a robot is built and how it will use these capabilities.To begin the lecture, we compare and contrast human versus robotic

Conference Session

How We Teach Problem Solving?

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Mark Urban-Lurain; Taner Eskil; Marilyn Amey; Timothy Hinds; Jon Sticklen

Engineering. He teachesundergraduate courses in machine design and statics as well as advises senior engineering student teams working onindustrially sponsored capstone design projects. He also teaches a senior-level undergraduate international designproject course and has taught graduate-level courses in innovation and technology management.Mark Urban-Lurain is Director of Instructional Technology Research and Development in the Division of Scienceand Mathematics Education at Michigan State University. He is responsible for providing vision, direction, planningand implementation for using technology mathematics and science education and developed several introductorycomputer science courses for non-computer science students serving 2000 students per

Conference Session

Teaching Entrepreneurship to Engineers

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephanie Carter; John Feland

been usedin two Stanford classes to provide students with a pedagogical scaffold to assist students indeveloping their innovation process. In ME297x, Innovation with Emerging Technologies12, thismodel was used to study historical innovations across disparate domains. Students also used thismodel to analyze the diffusion of emerging technologies as a Solution biased innovation process.That is to say, viewing the transition of Emerging Technologies into the greater market is apractice of potentially compelling Solutions in search of compelling Needs to be paired with. InME116A, the first in the capstone design sequence for the undergraduate Product Designcurriculum, the framework was used to develop and evaluate product concepts as