Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laurie Sutch, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

framework for conceptualization and reflection.Development and Implementation of SpireCAI provides the information architecture for Spire and works with academic units to designspecific features based on the unit’s requests. For example, other academic units are currentlyimplementing Spire primarily by integrating it into the curriculum; if students earn certain gradesin specific courses, they “level up” behind the scenes and students don’t necessarily interactdirectly with the platform. Michigan Engineering, however, wanted a different approach sostudents could also incorporate the skills they were gaining from co-curricular activities as wellas from courses, and the CAI software developers worked to address this need.Spire is still in development

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Sunday Faseyitan; Robert Myers; Pearley Cunningham; David Huggins; Winston F. Erevelles

activities to create a world-class environmentfor manufacturing in southwestern Pennsylvania. These include:• Benchmarking and sharing the best in class that each institution has to offer by facilitating the adaptation of curriculum modules developed in one institution for use by the others.• Provide open access to each other’s facilities and seek opportunities to engage students in shared learning experiences.• Organize an annual academic-industry forum to foster peer learning among faculty, students, and industry and to provide opportunities for students to demonstrate mastery of technical, teamwork and communication skills in a professional setting.• Form a system of governance to better manage the academic/industry

Conference Session

Virtual and Distance Experimentation

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Vernon Matzen

, J. "LabVIEW For Everyone," Prentice Hall, 1997.14. Wirgau, S.A., Gupta, A. and Matzen, V.C., “Internet-Enabled Remote Observation and Control of a Shake Table Experiment,” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 2004, submitted.ABHINAV GUPTA is an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at NC State University. His research and Page 9.156.12educational activities have been focused on integration of emerging computing (numerical and information)technologies with the engineering knowledge for improved understanding and visualization of structural“Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Girls in Engineering

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda S Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Programs, which is stillcalled FEMME for the original name, “Females in Engineering: Methods, Motivation andExperiences”, was designed specifically for young girls in an effort to increase the number ofwomen interested in engineering and other technological careers. Although research on thebenefits and relative effectiveness of single-gender education remains inconclusive, considerableresearch does describe many benefits of single-gender education for girls in addition to improvedacademic performance, including increased confidence and self-efficacy, being more likely toask questions, and maintaining behaviors that tend to disappear due to male dominance in theclassroom [90]. In the absences of truly integrated STEM curriculum in K-12 classrooms

Conference Session

Programs in Entrepreneurship

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven B. Shooter, Bucknell University; Seth Orsborn, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

their discipline and someone new. We strongly encouraged them to move tonew seats throughout the semester (if they were sitting at all). Students shared their work ingroups of various sizes and often presented to the entire class. Reflection, self-criticism andconstructive criticism of others were integral to all activities. Passivity was not an option. Theclass met twice per week with two hour sessions. This allowed for flexibility of class activities.Students shared and presented their assignments at each class. All of these various techniquessupported an overall active learning method of Problem-based Learning that incorporated bothCollaborative and Cooperative learning methods19(The course was developed and team taught by Steve Shooter in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoffrey L Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Laura D Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Matthew West, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

in multiple innovation CoPs.Figure 3: Spread of context-rich collaborative problem solving.In total, the context-rich CCPS has been integrated into fourteen courses in five departments andis now been practiced by 28 faculty instructors, most of whom had not been using this RBISbefore SIIP. While the spread of CCPS has been the most far reaching spread of RBIS, otherRBIS are also spreading across the program. Classroom response systems (i.e., clickers) and peerinstruction [4] are being used in 16 SIIP-affiliated courses, most of which had not been usingclickers before SIIP. The use of an adaptive learning and testing platform is now being used in10 SIIP-affiliated courses. The use of the Comprehensive Assessment of Team MemberEffectiveness

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Haluk M. Aktan, Western Michigan University; John Stephen Polasek P.E., Western Michigan University; Kevin James Phillips

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Abstract A two semester senior level capstone design course has been restructured (Senior Design I and II) in response to the outcomes defined by the industry to assure job ready engineers and outcomes set by the academicians to assure math and science based fundamentals. The restructuring purpose was also to align the course outcomes with the college mission of graduating „Career- Ready‟ engineers. The department offers programs in civil engineering and construction engineering. Both program curriculums require a two semester course on a comprehensive design application. The courses are designed to meet specific ABET outcomes. Also to meet an additional program outcome of: students are able to explain

Collection

2016 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Jeffrey S. Bates; Taylor D. Sparks

problem solving, technology commercialization, and design. Some havesuggested adding technical skills, including the use of SolidWorks and other design software intothe curriculum. A hiring manager at US Synthetic went so far as to state that he needs peoplewho can solve problems, stating that he would rather hire a really good art graduate who couldsolve problems than an engineering graduate that could not solve problems.Moreover, recent initiatives at the University of Utah, such as the entrepreneurship certificate,would allow students to receive a certificate after taking business, engineering, and law coursesrelated to entrepreneurship. However, very few courses are offered in the College ofEngineering that satisfy the course requirement for

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Technical Session 5

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison Leigh Banka, University of Georgia; Agnes Germaine d'Entremont, P.E., University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Katherine A. Lyon

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

d’Entremont, P.Eng., is an Associate Professor of Teaching in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UBC. Her work focuses on student learning and curriculum development in mechanical en- gineering. She teaches courses in mechanics, including orthopaedic biomechanics and injury biomechan- ics, and mechanical design, and teaches Arts and Commerce students about engineering. Her teaching- related interests include active learning, open educational resources (OER), and open pedagogy. She also focuses on student mental wellbeing and equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) issues in engineering education and the broader engineering profession.Dr. Katherine A. Lyon ©American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Computer-Based Measurements

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephen Williams; Hadi Saadat

digital computers in the loop, one can readily generate C code from graphical simulation tools such as Simulink block diagrams for real-time controller implementation. This has provided the impetus for establishment of a real-time instructional control laboratory at Milwaukee School of Engineering. In this paper the development of this innovative integrated real-time control system laboratory will be described. Next modeling, simulation, controller design and implementation of a few typical laboratory experiments and projects of different complexity are presented. This paper also reports on Simulink modeling of the nonlinear inverted pendulum with some research results for different swing-up

Collection

2018 ASEE Conferences - Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration / San Antonio proceedings

Authors

Elke Howe

Week 14 Presentation Week 14 or 15 Report Week 14 or 155. Assessment of Capstone ProjectThe capstone project is used to assess the following learning outcomes as part of the B.S. in IETprogram assessment plan.  Ability to apply knowledge, techniques, and skills of engineering economics.  An ability to design systems, components, or processes while accomplishing the integration of systems using appropriate analytical, computational, and application practices and procedures.  An ability to identify, analyze, and solve broadly-defined engineering technology problems

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany - SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, Evaluation Consortium University at Albany - SUNY; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Howard University; Charles J. Kim, Howard University; Otsebele E. Nare, Hampton University; John Okyere Attia P.E., Prairie View A&M University; Petru Andrei, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Lisa D. Hobson, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Suwon in 1994. Since 1999, he is with Howard University. Dr. Kim’s research interests include energy systems, fault detec- tion and anticipation, embedded computing, safety-critical computer systems, and intelligent systems application. Dr. Kim is active in practicing experiential learning in engineering education with personal instrumentation such as mobile studio.Dr. Otsebele E. Nare, Hampton University Otsebele Nare is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Hampton University, VA. He received his electrical engineering doctorate from Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, in 2005. His research interests include System-Level Synthesis Techniques, Microgrids, and K-16 Integrative STEM education.Dr

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fernando Garcia Gonzalez, Texas A&M International University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

: Calculon’s AutoCAD design. Page 25.1231.12The Systems Engineering ExperienceThe complexity of the vehicle system necessitates the use of systems engineering to integrate allthe individual components, to design the overall system, to consider the complete life cycle, andto coordinate and oversee the project and its team members. The experience gained is self-regulated in that if the team fails the systems engineering, the complexity of the vehicle is suchthat they will most likely perform poorly at the competition. Winning or performing well at thecompletion is what motivates the students to implement solid systems engineering principles. Forexample an inconsistency between the units used in two

Conference Session

ET Projects

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Mosier P.E., Oklahoma State University; William E. Genereux, Kansas State University; Katie Rieger, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

semester acts as a benchmark for the knowledge of thestudents on their own. Conversely, Genereux used in-class time for discussion on a variety of thevideo project requirements including plagiarism and video editing concepts (2014). Anotherdifference is that the CmET students were still required to submit a term paper in addition to thepresentation whereas the ComET video project was the sole research project in that course.Students in the CmET program have been exposed to computer technology during variouscourses. They are required to take a Visual Basic programming course as well as anAutoCAD/Revit course. There are additional computer technology courses in the curriculum,which are mostly electives, so there is not an expectation that all

Conference Session

Simple Classroom Demonstrations for Mechanics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya Kunberger; Kristine Csavina; Robert O'Neill

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

interdisciplinary courses, the roster contains students in bioengineering, civil engineering,and environmental engineering. Topics in statics and dynamics are discipline specific in variouscourses offered in the curriculum at the junior and senior levels. The majority of engineeringcourses at Florida Gulf Coast University are offered in the integrated lecture-lab format. Thismeans that for a four credit course, class meets twice a week for 2 ¾ hours each time. Becauseof the extended class period, presenting the necessary material in an engaging format and notoverloading students on new concepts requires additional considerations over what might occurin a course that has 50-minute sessions three times a week.Dynamics accounts for approximately 40% of the

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Baukal, John Zink Hamworthy Combustion; Linda Thurman, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Carter Stokeld

student’sanswer can be compared against. Many real-world engineering problems are not that simple andoften don’t have a single correct answer. Students must develop the ability to critically assesstheir solutions for credibility since they will not be able to compare the results of solving real-world problems against an answer in the back of a textbook.TeamworkTeamwork, sometimes referred to as collaboration, is critical in most engineering positionsbecause problems are larger and more complex than can be handled by single individuals.Lahdiji makes a relevant observation, “Today’s engineers are becoming an integrator, and acoordinator of information, technology, and people” [14]. This clearly requires teamwork. Asurvey of Malaysian employers of engineers

Conference Session

A Technology Potpourri I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omer Farook, Purdue University Northwest; Jai P. Agrawal, Purdue University Northwest; Ashfaq Ahmed P.E., Purdue University Northwest; Wangling Yu, Purdue University Northwest; Hassan Abdullah Alibrahim, Purdue University Northwest; Ahmed S. Khan, Academic Platform, Lombard, IL ; Qudsia Tahmina, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

University Northwest. He was a test engineer over 15 years, providing technical leadership in the certification, testing and evaluation of custom integrated security systems. He received his PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the City University of New York in 1992, specializing in control theory and electronic technology.Mr. Hassan Abdullah Alibrahim, Purdue University Northwest I’m Hassan Alibrahim. A graduate teaching assistant at Purdue University Northwest Since August 2017. An active member in the national honor society for engineering technology, Tau Alpha Pi. Recognized as an outstanding student by the College of Technology at Purdue University Northwest for the 2015 -2016 academic year.Dr. Ahmed S. Khan

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering: Curricula and Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Abrams, Ohio State University; James William Altschuld, Ohio State University; Blaine W. Lilly, Ohio State University; Daniel A. Mendelsohn, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

." Mechatronics (2008): 179-186. 3. Hargrove, Jeffrey B. "Curriculum, equipment and student project outcomes for mechatronics education in the core mechanical engineering program at Kettering University." Mechatronics (2002): 343-356. 4. Bannerot, Richard. "Hands-on Projects in an Early Design Course." ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. Pittsburgh, PA, 2008. 5. Starkey, John M., et al. "Experiences in the Integration of Design Across the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum." 1994 Frontiers in Education Conference. 1994. 464-468. 6. Tsang, Edmund and Andrew Wilheim. "Integrating Materials, Manufacturing and Design in The Sophomore Year." Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference. Atlanta, GA

Conference Session

INDUSTRY DAY SESSION: CMC PANEL SESSION TWO

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary K. Pilotte, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rick I Zadoks, Caterpillar Inc.; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Corporate Member Council

. Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette Monica F. Cox, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue Uni- versity, the Inaugural Director of the College of Engineering’s Leadership Minor, and the Director of the International Institute of Engineering Education Assessment (i2e2a). In 2013, she became founder and owner of STEMinent LLC, a company focused on STEM education assessment and professional devel- opment for stakeholders in K-12 education, higher education, and Corporate America. Her research is focused upon the use of mixed methodologies to explore significant research questions in undergraduate, graduate, and professional engineering education, to integrate

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Ricardo Molina; Claudio da Rocha Brito; Melany Ciampi

Symposiums “Ingenieurpädagogik´2000”, 29., Biel-Bienne, 2000. Unique and Excellent: Ingenieurausbildung im 21. Jahrhundert. Biel-Bienne: IGIP, 2000. p. 716-721.4. Brito, C. da R.; Ciampi, M. M.; Molina, R. C. “Teaching with Research". In: Interamerican Conference onEngineering and Technology Education, 6., Cincinnati, 2000. Proceedings INTERTECH-2000. Cincinnati:INTERTECH, 2000. (in CD-ROM).5. Brito, C. da R.; Ciampi, M. M.; Molina, R. C. “Research as integrated part of an Engineering Curriculum". In:American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference, 107., St. Louis, 2000. 2000 ASEE AnnualConference Proceedings. St. Louis: ASEE, 2000. (in CD-ROM).6. Brito, C. da R.; Ciampi, M. M.; Molina, R. C. “The Dynamic Engineering Education of SENAC

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Karen Davis

. Facultycoordinators and teams have identified outcomes that are assessed in their courses. Everyterm the course is taught, each professor teaching the course is asked to assess to whatdegree the outcome is treated in the course. A rating of “high,” “medium” or “low”indicates that the outcome is assessed for all students at that level; “some” indicates thatsome students (but not necessarily all) are assessed for that outcome; “none” indicatesthat the outcome was indicated for the course but not assessed or addressed in theparticular offering of the course.As an example, consider the Computer Engineering program curriculum. Approximately60% of the Computer Engineering required courses have “high” or “medium” treatmentof outcome (c), whereas only 8% of the

Conference Session

Engagement in Practice: Creating a Robust Infrastructure for Community Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Pucha, Georgia Institute of Technology; Carol J Thurman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ruth Yow, Georgia Institute of Technology; Connor Rylan Meeds; Jennifer Hirsch, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

aims to develop an efficient method to transform student projects into applicable case studies for eventual real-world application. Outside of the normal engineering curriculum, Connor is an exceptionally moti- vated entrepreneur in the start-up circle. Bringing up two self-made businesses and working his off-hours at a web-design agency start-up, Connor has high ambitions to bring new ideas into the world. .Dr. Jennifer Hirsch, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Jennifer Hirsch is an applied anthropologist specializing in sustainability, cultural diversity, collab- orative governance, community development, networks, and experiential education. She is recognized nationally for fostering grassroots participation in

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

David Silverstein

Program. Proceedings of the 2000 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education, (2000).4. Capece, V.R., Murphy, W., Lineberry, G.T., & Lykins, B. Development of an Extended Campus Mechanical Engineering Program. Proceedings of the 2000 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education, (2000).5. URL: http://www.che.utexas.edu/cache/survey.html; CACHE: Survey Results6. Davis, J., Blau, G., & Reklatis, G.V. Computers in undergraduate chemical engineering education: A perspective on training and applications. Technical report, CACHE Corporation. Draft 3.1. (1993).7. Kantor, T.J., Edgar, T.F. Computing skills in the chemical engineering curriculum

Conference Session

Current Issues in Construction Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Ilyas Bhatti, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Construction

specific examples of construction mitigation implemented on the BigDig project.NOISE MITITGATIONThe CA/T committed to minimizing noise impact during construction. This goal was especiallydifficult because of Boston’s unique neighborhoods, which integrate residential, commercial, andindustrial activities. With this mix, daytime businesses often prefer work to be done at night incontrast to residents, who prefer noisy activity to be done during the day. To find an achievablebalance, the CA/T project staff worked closely with all abutters to develop appropriateconstruction schedules, work hour limitations on jack hammering, restriction on the use ofbackup alarms, and ongoing noise monitoring). In some cases, the CA/T had to construct noisewalls and

Conference Session

Global and Cultural Issues in Construction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suat Gunhan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Gulsen Senol, Gediz University İzmır Institute of Technology; Sevgi Zeynep Dogan, Gediz University İzmır Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Construction

people’s business. In this business you are hired for your technical skills, fired for your lack of people skills and promoted for your management skills”.Close interaction with industry professionals is required in order to integrate social intelligenceskills to construction courses. The professionals need to bring their experience into classroomeither by being part of the seminar and capstone classes or supporting research by providingfunding. An example of industry professionals’ contribution is given below:Currently, in the Construction Science and Management Program Curriculum at the Universityof Texas at San Antonio, a Construction Capstone course is offered in the senior year. SeniorCapstone Project emphasizes and helps students

Conference Session

Developing and Establishing Graduate Study Programs - Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexa Kottmeyer, Pennsylvania State University; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

key elements from the program thatalumni found impactful, such as a group design project, field trips, and seminars. Smith andBailey3 discuss their “high touch, high value,” accelerated, systems engineering Master’s degreeprogram. They also reported the results from an alumni survey that highlighted students’ generalsatisfaction with the program. Wuyts et al.4 developed a one-year, multi-campus biochemicalengineering program in Belgium. This program was modular and they focused on the innovativeimplementation of the modules at multiple campuses and their future assessment plans. Each ofthese studies highlighted the new curriculum for a one-year Master’s program. The studentevaluation that was reported was in the form of alumni surveys from

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Magin; Margery Osborne; Bruce Bertram; Bruce Wheeler

documents.Introduction Two engineering courses at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) were taughtutilizing Asynchronous Learning technology in order to facilitate interaction among students andinstructors. One is a senior electrical engineering and bioengineering elective entitled Modeling ofBiological Systems, with an enrollment of 25, in which the conferencing package First Class was used. Theother is a freshman elective Introduction to Bioengineering: Focus on Medical Imaging, with an enrollmentof 10 for which PacerForum provided conferencing capability. In both courses students were encouraged to use conferencing software for the discussion of all mattersrelating to the course. The courses shared a common approach to homework in

Collection

2005 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Edgar C. Clausen; W. Roy Penney; Cole E. Colville; Alison N. Dunn; Noor M. El Qatto; Crystal D. Hall; W. Brent Schulte; Christopher A. von der Mehden

temperatures as a function of time, as well as acurve showing a numerical integration of Equation 4 using the “best fit” experimental heattransfer coefficients. The experimental heat transfer coefficient for the smaller 4.1 mmthermometer at 309.2 K was 10 W/m2K, while the coefficient based on the Churchill/Churelationship was 5.6 W/m2K. The experimental heat transfer coefficient for the larger 6 mmthermometer at 315 K was 9 W/m2K, while the coefficient based on the Churchill/Churelationship was 4.1 W/m2K. Thus, a correction factor of 1.8-2.2 was needed in order to matchthe experimental data with the correlation. The need for the correction once again arises fromintroduced forced convection. It is very difficult to obtain and keep an ideal, free

Conference Session

Engineering Entrepreneurship and K-12 Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David M Feinauer, University of Kentucky; Bruce Walcott, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, business plan formation, elevatorpitches, and a group presentation. As such a significant piece of the program curriculum, the nextsection describes the project in greater detail. (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)Table 1 – Program Objectives A – Participants will develop an understanding of the importance of being innovative in an ever-expanding, global economy. B – Participants will gain knowledge of engineering as a program of study, its various disciplines, and the academic rigor required of engineering students. C – Participants will come to realize the numerous career and professional opportunities afforded to engineering graduates. D – Participants will experience the many facets of evolving innovative ideas into business ventures. E

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

William R. Hendee; Steven R Krogull; Jay R. Goldberg

find employment with healthcare consulting firms. Each of thesecareer paths involves the management of healthcare technology. Engineers in industry managethe development of technology from the conception to commercialization stages. Engineers inthe clinical environment manage the selection, implementation, utilization, and assessment ofhospital based technologies.Typically, new graduates with no work experience possess solid technical skills but lack trainingin business, management, and regulatory issues. Their background in product development andproject management tends to be weak, and they lack an understanding of the economic andregulatory environments of healthcare delivery. Engineers working in industry advance alongtheir career paths