Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Research-to-Practice: Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamalee A. Brady, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo; John Chen, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo; Danielle Champney, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Paper ID #15884Future K-12 Teacher Candidates Take on Engineering Challenges in a Project-Based Learning CourseDr. Pamalee A. Brady, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo Pamalee Brady is an Associate Professor at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. She teaches courses in structural systems, concrete, steel and wood design as well as structural engineer- ing courses for architecture and construction management students. Prior to joining the faculty at Cal Poly she worked in applied research at the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in Champaign, Illinois. She is

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela M Kelly, Stony Brook University; Doreen Aveni, Stony Brook University; Monica Bugallo, Stony Brook University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Paper ID #23365Women in Science and Engineering: A Framework for an Honors Under-graduate CurriculumDr. Angela M Kelly, Stony Brook University Angela M. Kelly is an Associate Professor of Physics and the Associate Director of the Science Education Program at Stony Brook University, New York. She attended La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, where she received her B.A. degree in chemistry, and completed her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in science education (2000 and 2006, respectively) and her Ed.M. degree in curriculum and teaching (2007) at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. She is the recipient of

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

M. Loraine Lowder, Kennesaw State University; Christina R Scherrer, Kennesaw State University; Kevin Stanley McFall, Kennesaw State University; David R Veazie P.E., Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

teaching and learning.Dr. Christina R Scherrer, Kennesaw State University Christina Scherrer is a professor of Systems and Industrial Engineering in the Southern Polytechnic Col- lege of Engineering and Engineering Technology at Kennesaw State University. Her research interests are in the application of operations research and economic decision analysis to the public sector and in assess- ing education innovation. She teaches primarily statistics and logistics courses, at both the undergraduate and graduate level.Dr. Kevin Stanley McFall, Kennesaw State University Before coming to Kenesaw State University, Dr. McFall lived abroad for more than ten years. His international experiences began with a study abroad for

Conference Session

Tools and Support for Software Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Gannod, Arizona State University; Kevin Gary, Arizona State University; Harry Koehnemann, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

thisknowledge. A typical conversation an interviewer might have with a graduating student mightbe “well, yes I did a few use cases in my Software Requirements class, but no I have not doneone of that size nor do I understand how to use that model to drive analysis and test planning.”This paper presents an alternative approach underway at Arizona State University’s Polytechniccampus. In this approach, students are accelerated through the knowledge, comprehension,application levels through a hybrid teaching and learning model that combines multiplepedagogical approaches with a process-guided exposure to software engineering.1. The Software Enterprise: An OverviewIn the Division of Computing Studies (DCST) at Arizona State University’s Polytechnic Campus

Conference Session

K-12 Teacher Pre-Service and Undergraduate Instructor Training

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafic Bachnak, Penn State Harrisburg; Sofía Carolina Maldonado, Texas A&M International University; Gerardo J. Pinzon PE, Texas A&M International University; Rohitha Goonatilake, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Laboratories and employment with Koch Industries. Dr. Bachnak is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas, a senior member of IEEE and ISA, and a member of ASEE.Miss Sof´ıa Carolina Maldonado, Texas A&M International University Sof´ıa Carolina Maldonado is a graduate student at Texas A&M International University (TAMIU), cur- rently completing a M.S. in Information Systems. She obtained her B.S. degree in Systems Engineering from the same University in Fall 2011. Sof´ıa was a Distinguished Student Scholar and Student Respondent at the Fall 2011 Commencement Ceremony. Throughout her TAMIU education, she has been a member of the Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society and Vice-President and Treasurer of the

Conference Session

Models of community engagement practices

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill B. Elmore, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

quality.Each of these “real-life” scenarios has played repeatedly in sections of the Freshmen ChemicalEngineering Problem Analysis course and through many of our students’ participation in ourAIChE K-12 outreach efforts. Page 24.769.4Uniquely positioned through my freshman teaching assignment (i.e. CHE 1101 FreshmanSeminar each fall and CHE 2213 Problem Analysis each spring) and service as Faculty Advisorof our heavily service-oriented American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) studentchapter, I have been able to team up with my students to develop a program for engaging bothfreshmen chemical engineering majors and K-12 students in active

Conference Session

Curriculums in Transition

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

James Vennes; Phillip Smith

complexityand sophistication. The rationale for this is that employers of mechanical engineers expect themto have proficiency with this type of software, and there is a very steep learning curve inreaching a reasonable degree of proficiency. The results of several years of experience withdeveloping this teaching approach are discussed. For example, students' performance in applyingmathematics, from geometry through differential equations, to solving mechanical engineeringproblems is examined in order to determine if their mathematical abilities are enhanced ordegraded. Other advantages and disadvantages of such an undergraduate program are discussedand suggestions and recommendations concerning future programs are made.I. IntroductionA subject that has

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Hans H. Kuehl

Session 2532 Introductory Electric Circuits on the Internet via Mallard Software Hans H. Kuehl University of Southern CaliforniaAbstractThe introductory sophomore linear circuits course at the University of Southern California wastaught for the first time via the Internet in the spring of 1999, using Mallard software to deliverthe homework assignments. Mallard was chosen because it has many attractive features thatmake it well suited to support the teaching of an introductory circuits course.The student response to the use of Mallard was extremely positive. Student interest in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Karen Harris; Sunday Faseyitan; Robert Myers; Pearley Cunningham; Winston Erevelles

manufacturing educationOver the past two years the coalition partners have launched accreditable degree programs,certificate programs, and options within degree programs at all sites 6, 7. A framework forarticulation has been approved for the block transfer of credits from one participating institutionto another. Along with the degree programs the coalition has seen the cre ation or significantenhancement of laboratory and computing facilities at partner sites. Industry partners have beeninstrumental in developmental efforts pertaining to the areas of experiential learning, internships,projects, and positioning of the coalition. The coalition has also been very active in thedevelopment of a comprehensive outreach program targeting middle and high

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

M. David Burghardt

school day is a busy one, crowded with a variety of subjects that teachers mustinclude a wide variety of curriculum requirements. Fitting the adage that assessment drivescurriculum, standardized testing has the effect of teaching to the test, practicing fill-in-the-blankand multiple-choice examinations, further squeezing students and teachers. A ray of hope onthe horizon regarding testing is that tests will become more opened-ended, permitting a varietyof solutions, and may include laboratory portions. This is where children’s engineering can bevery useful, not as a separate discipline, but as a complementary one that provides the contextuallearning so important to children and coordinating with the science and mathematics curricula

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Charles W. P. Finn; William E. Cole

required laboratory reports to be completedwith a partner. Results have been very good and the students appreciate the changes.The second conclusion from this survey is that the computer skills we teach the students need tobe reevaluated. Computer literacy with a personal computer using applications packages is highin the required skills list. However, the traditional computer programming skills were assigned a Page 3.408.7low priority. Thus the emphasis in teaching computer literacy in MET should shift away fromthe traditional languages (C++, Visual Basic) and more toward application packages (Excel,Word, CAD, MathCad) available on a Personal

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ziliang Zhou, California Baptist University; Xiuhua Si, California Baptist University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

is one of the difficult topics in thermodynamics. Due to its abstract concept andtheoretical nature, students could easily get lost during a typical PowerPoint lecture and found itdifficult to solve related problems in homework and exams. Even when students could follow thesteps to finish their homework, they felt challenged to connect the concept with real-lifeapplications. It showed that the passive learning format is not effective in teaching this subject. Toimprove the student learning, we added an active learning element in the lab portion of the courseby modifying some of the experiments. In many published conference papers, the active learninghas shown being effective in improving student learning. In this paper, we would like to

Conference Session

Professional Development and Scholarship

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Sawaya, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2011-2795: SATISFYING THE MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDER REQUIRE-MENTS OF ENGAGED SCHOLARSHIP: THE CASE OF INDUSTRIALDISTRIBUTION AT TEXAS A&MWilliam J. Sawaya, Texas A&M University William J. Sawaya is an Assistant Professor in the department of Engineering Technology and Indus- trial Distribution in the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University. He teaches courses in quality management and process improvement. He has done work and research on the topics of inter-organizational collaboration, inventory management, new product development, product introduc- tion, healthcare products, transportation systems analysis-focusing on railroads and multi-mode container operations, product testing

Conference Session

K-12 Outreach and Out-of-School Time Engineering Programming and Research

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anca L. Sala, Baker College, Flint; Pattabhi Sitaram, Baker College, Flint; Tom Spendlove, Baker College, Flint

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, out of which eight were female. The one-week camp was structured around differentengineering disciplines - civil, computer, electrical, mechanical, and optical engineering. A totalof nine instructional modules, each three-and-a-half-hour long, were developed and taught byengineering faculty during the camp. Groups of students rotated through morning and afternoonsessions conducted in our engineering laboratories. They were given an introduction tofundamental engineering principles followed by hands-on experimentation in the lab. In additionto the faculty members teaching the program, a couple of undergraduate engineering studentswere present to help and mentor, which turned out to be a great learning experience for them. Toconclude the camp

Conference Session

ECE Curriculum Improvement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cordelia M Brown, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dimitrios Peroulis, Purdue University; Greg Lammers, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #7754Sophomore-Level Curriculum Innovation in Electrical and Computer Engi-neeringDr. Cordelia M Brown, Purdue University, West Lafayette Cordelia M. Brown is an Assistant Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Engineering Education at Purdue University. She received her Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Vanderbilt Univer- sity, her M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Vanderbilt University, and her B.S. in Electrical Engineering at Tuskegee University. Her research interests include assessment of instructional methods, laboratory design, collaborative learning, and retention and recruitment issues in

Collection

2002 ASEE North Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Marlee A. Walton; T. Al Austin

are prepared for the job market. Iowa State University developedinitiatives within the Civil & Construction Engineering (CCE) Department to address thesedemands in a new integrated learning based curriculum.The new integrated curriculum includes new courses, revisions to existing courses, andcollaborative efforts with the Department of English. Some of the new courses focus primarilyon professional practice skills as applied in industry. Other new courses offer a synthesis to tieother non-departmental courses to civil engineering practice. Collaboration efforts with theEnglish Department have resulted in the development of a Technical Communication Guide,faculty workshops on effective teaching of communication within the CCE curriculum

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Tom Goulding

Lessons from Socrates and the Online Classroom: Achieving Exceptional Performance in Project-Based Classroom Tom Goulding Division of Computer Science and Systems Wentworth Institute of Technology Session : Teaching Project Based Courses..ABSTRACT Programming exercises, called GM-Games are non-traditional exercises that were created by theBoth Online teaching and Socratic pedagogy

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Salah Badjou

typically from 3 to 5. Much ofthe work involves testing and prototype development in the labs and therefore requires thestudents’ presence on campus. On the other hand, a substantial amount of work does not requireactual physical meetings. This includes reports writing (proposal, 2 progress reports, weeklymemos, and a final report), sharing research work and other communication. The author hasbeen teaching this course for the last 4 years. End-of-semester assessment from carefullydesigned surveys consistently indicated student difficulties managing their time. This is partlydue to demanding coursework, and work outside. Typically, students try to use the week ofSpring Break to “catch up.” However, many of them are then off campus. As a

Conference Session

Engineering Education Culture: Mental Health, Inclusion, and the Soul of Our Community

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jessica R. Deters, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

communication in engineering design, interdisciplinary communication and collaboration, design education, and gender in engineering. She was awarded a CAREER grant from the National Science Foundation to study expert teaching in capstone design courses, and is co-PI on numerous NSF grants exploring communication, design, and identity in engineering. Drawing on theories of situated learning and identity development, her work includes studies on the teaching and learning of communication, effective teaching practices in design education, the effects of differing design pedagogies on retention and motivation, the dynamics of cross-disciplinary collaboration in both academic and industry design environments, and gender and

Collection

2017 ASEE Mid Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Oludare Adegbola Owolabi P.E., Morgan State University

Laboratory. He has over eighteen years of experience in practicing, teaching and research in civil engineering. His academic background and professional skills allows him to teach a range of courses across three different departments in the school of engineering. This is a rare and uncommon achievement. Within his short time at Morgan, he has made contributions in teaching both undergraduate and graduate courses. He has been uniquely credited for his inspirational mentoring activities and educat- ing underrepresented minority students. Through his teaching and mentoring at Morgan State University he plays a critical role in educating the next generation of underrepresented minority students, especially African-American

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K12 Teachers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Davis, University of Arkansas; Bryan Hill, University of Arkansas; Carol Gattis, University of Arkansas; Bradley Dearing, Illinois State University; Edgar Clausen, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

University of Arkansas. He manages the college-wide recruitment operation and directs the engineering summer programs.Carol Gattis, University of Arkansas Dr. Carol Gattis is an Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering and Director of Recruitment, Retention, Honors and Diversity for the College of Engineering at the University of Arkansas. In this latter role, she directs and develops new programs for the college-wide efforts in recruitment, retention and diversity.Bradley Dearing, Illinois State University Dr. Brad Dearing is a faculty associate at Illinois State University and teaches Engineering and Technology at the University’s laboratory high school, and has a B.S. and M.S. from

Conference Session

Project/Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Eduardo Abril; Miguel Andres Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

., Guerra, M., and Jativa, F., 2022, “WIP: Designing a First-Year Hands-on Civil Engineering Course to Reduce Students Dropout and Improve the Overall College Experience,” 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.[3] Abdulwahed, M., and Nagy, Z. K., 2009, “Applying Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle for Laboratory Education,” J. Eng. Educ., 98(3), pp. 283–294.[4] Newson, T., and Delatte, N., 2011, “Case Methods in Civil Engineering Teaching,” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 38, pp. 1016–1030.[5] Guerra, M. A., Murzi, H., Woods Jr, J., and Diaz-Strandberg, A., 2020, “Understanding Students’ Perceptions of Dimensions of Engineering Culture in Ecuador,” ASEE Conferences.[6] Murzi, H., Ulloa, B. C. R., Gamboa, F., Woods

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu, Drexel University; Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

, Romania. Her area of expertise is in thermo-fluid sciences with applications in micro-combustion, fuel cells, green fuels and plasma assisted combustion. Dr. Husanu has prior industrial experience in aerospace engineering that encompasses both theoretical analysis and experimental investigations such as designing and testing of propulsion systems including design and development of pilot testing facility, mechanical instrumentation, and industrial applications of jet engines. Also, She is an experienced faculty, teaching ME and ET courses in both quality control and quality assurance areas as well as in thermal-fluid, energy conversion and mechanical areas from various levels of instruction and addressed to a broad

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 4: Student Experience & Competencies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehdi Lamssali, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE); Alesia Ferguson; Olivia Nicholas, RAPID; Andrea Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (CoE); Angela White

materials, processes, and workforce development. Andrea has over 20 years of occupational experience, with her most recent experience being in teaching, research, and service. Dr. Ofori-Boadu is a dedicated instructor, advisor, mentor, and role model who has served over 1,500 undergraduate and graduate students. Andrea has received almost $2M from funding agencies to include the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Engineering Information Foundation (EIF), the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), the National Housing Endowment (NHE), and East Coast Construction Services (ECCS). In 2019, she received her prestigious NSF CAREER grant to construct substantive theories that explain professional identity

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati

://doi.org/10.28945/4628 (accessed January 2022).4. N. Chick, Learning Styles. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. 2010, from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/learning-styles-preferences/.5. M. A. Peshkin, Lightboard home, from https://lightboard.info/ (accessed January 2022).6. F. M. Fung, Adopting Lightboard for a Chemistry Flipped Classroom to Improve Technology-Enhanced Videos for Better Learner Engagement. Journal of Chemical Education, 94, 956−959. 20177. T. R. Corkish, M. L. Davidson, C. T. Haakansson, R. E. Lopez, P D. Watson, and D Spagnoli, A How-To Guide for Making Online Pre-laboratory Lightboard Videos. Advances in Online Chemistry Education. ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC

Conference Session

Concept Inventories in Mechanics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carisa H. Ramming, Oklahoma State University; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Eric Davishahl, Whatcom Community College; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Sinéad C. MacNamara, Syracuse University; Meredith Silberstein, Cornell University; Joan V. Dannenhoffer P.E., Syracuse University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

homework. Eric has been a member of ASEE since 2001. He currently serves as awards chair for the Pacific Northwest Section and was the recipient of the 2008 Section Outstanding Teaching Award.Dr. Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Brian Self obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Virginia Tech, and his Ph.D. in Bioengineering from the University of Utah. He worked in the Air Force Research Laboratories before teaching at the U.S. Air Force Academy for seven years. Brian has taught in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo since 2006. During the 2011-2012 academic year he participated in a professor exchange, teaching at the Munich

Conference Session

Pre-K12 Track - Technical Session II

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Jacqueline Handley, University of Michigan; Elizabeth Birr Moje

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Pre K-12 Education

experiencescontributed to understanding how we might think to make the teaching of engineering, andspecifically problem definition, in K-12 settings more inclusive. Overall, these findings add tothe growing conversation inclusive classroom environments, that make more explicit connectionbetween youths’ out of school knowledge and practices in school settings.Works Cited[1] S. Sismondo, An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies, 2 edition. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.[2] G. Goggin, Cell Phone Culture: Mobile Technology in Everyday Life. Routledge, 2012.[3] B. Latour and S. Woolgar, Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts. Sage, 1986.[4] C. L. Dym, A. M. Agogino, O. Eris, D. D. Frey, and L

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Chalmers, United States Military Academy; Eric Crispino, United States Military Academy; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

material.BackgroundThe United States Military Academy at West Point (USMA) has invested significant time, effort,and money to develop a strong civil engineering faculty that is motivated and capable ofproviding excellent engineering instruction. The Department of Civil and MechanicalEngineering uses the ASCE Body of Knowledge (BOK) Committee’s recommendedcharacteristics of full or part-time engineering faculty members.3 The department looks forfaculty who are scholars, effective teachers, have practical experience, and serve as positive rolemodels. 4New Instructor ScholarshipThe BOK Committee defines scholars as faculty that “acquire and maintain a level of expertisein the subjects they teach,” and who are “life-long learners, modeling continued growth

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isabel Hilliger P.E., Pontificia Universidad Catholica de Chile; Constanza Miranda, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. thinking. Teaching and They correspond to those Practical and theoretical Project presentations during Learning pedagogical activities (eg: activities, such as prototyping, class in order to receive Activities workshops, projects, reverse engineering, research, feedback about progress. laboratories, classes, field and readings. trips, etc.) that will allow the development of the competences established in the course. Assessment They correspond to direct Group presentations Group presentations, Methods and indirect measurements

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Furse, University of Utah; Neil E. Cotter, University of Utah; Angela Rasmussen, University of Utah

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #21291Bottlenecks and Muddiest Points in a Freshman Circuits CourseDr. Cynthia Furse, University of Utah Dr. Cynthia Furse (PhD ’94) is the Associate Vice President for Research at the University of Utah and a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Dr. Furse teaches / has taught electromagnetics, wireless communication, computational electromagnetics, microwave engineering, circuits, and antenna design. She is a leader and early developer of the flipped classroom, and began flipping her classes in 2007. She is now regularly engaged helping other faculty flip their classes (see Teach