Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session Innovative Pedagogy in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mustafa Shraim, Ohio University; Yuqiu You, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

servo based on IEC61131-3 standards [4]. As planned, a standardhydraulic servo program was designed to meet most control requirements. In this way, the wholesystem program can be done only in Parker Automation Manager in the future. The hydraulicservo standard program was designed as below in Table 2. Figure 2. Configuration tool for PAC and Compax3FHuman Machine Interface was designed as shown in Figure 3 which includes following features:  Power and Reset buttons  For each cylinder: Enabled, Error, and Motion indicators to let the user know the status of each cylinder  Jog Forward and Backward buttons to manually position the cylinders  Home button to fully retract the cylinders  Actual Position and Velocity

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Resource Exchange

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joni M. Lakin, University of Alabama; Virginia A. Davis, Auburn University; Edward W. Davis, Auburn University; Chere’ DeLayne Smith, Smiths Station High School

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

pressure.3. The following table shows the output of several common desalination processes. Complete the table with your data and analysis of the pros and cons of your system compared to other processes. How does your system compare to the others? Process mL/hr L/day Pros and cons Solar still 53 0.6 No active maintenance required; must remain at surface and sunny. Hand-operated reverse 946 22.7 Requires active work of pumping device; osmosis pump can run day and night Boiling desalination still ? ? ?Alignment to Next Generation Science Standards:HS-PS1-3. Plan and conduct

Conference Session

Engineering Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Aparajita Jaiswal, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Paul J. Thomas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tugba Karabiyik, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Viranga Perera, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

the impact of cooperative learning during the Spring2020 semester by studying team retrospectives written by students enrolled in a system analysisand design course.The pedagogical foundation for the system analysis and design course was cooperative learning.The course required students to work in teams to develop a software prototype. The project wasdivided into four milestones and each team was required to submit a team retrospective detailingoverall planning, task allocation, group processes, and strategies for improvement. The first twomilestones were completed during face-to-face instruction, while teams met online for the lasttwo milestones due to the shift to online instruction. To investigate team effectiveness, a rubricbased on the

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pritpal Singh, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

International

on a combination ofselected online and mostly offline activities to develop students’ skills based on the DQ Institute’sDigital Literacy Framework. Details of the program content, results of the program and thesuccesses and challenges of this international education program will be shared in the paper.IntroductionThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to be studied for years to come given thedisruption to our daily activities and its impact on the world’s economy and public health [1-3].While government and health authorities continue to reduce the large death rate suffered in thepast year [4] through vaccination plans, several developed countries will start to lift restrictions incoming weeks and months[5, 6]. On the other hand

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division Technical Session 3: Flipped Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Theodore J. Branoff, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Facilities personnel, andfaculty spent time planning for multiple Fall 2020 semester scenarios because of the COVID-19pandemic. University Facilities began by evaluating all classrooms and laboratory spaces todetermine maximum capacities. They also worked with departments to provide cleaning suppliesfor offices and classroom spaces.Mode of InstructionIn June of 2020 the university made the decision to offer as many face-to-face and hybrid classesas possible during the Fall 2020 semester. After University Facilities assessed all classrooms andlaboratories on campus to determine maximum room capacities, department administrators thenworked with faculty to determine their preferred mode of instruction for the fall semester.Faculty were able to adjust

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Denise M. Driscoll, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Maeve Drummond Oakes, CISTAR, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

. The program was designed to enable participants to build a supportive, professional network, creating cohorts that would continue well after the summer.3. The program was designed to build and assess participant gains not only in research experience but also in their professional development, mentor/cohort relationships, and plans for their career.4. The program was designed to have broad reach in who was impacted, with cascading impact because of the participants selected.The CISTAR REM program speaks to how we should be designing summer programs and isconsistent with the growing body of evidence, captured well in the following quote: “Empiricaldata suggest that, although students from underrepresented racial minority backgrounds

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

H. Bryan Riley, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

airway pressure mode (CPAP) Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP): 0-20 [cmH20]Plans include testing such that devices that do not comply with the above regulations shall berejected. Among the ventilators that follow these regulations, further criteria were established todetermine the most effective design, as well as its replicability. The manufacturing blockdiagram is provided in Figure 3.Corresponding important criteria for replicating the design of a positive-pressure ventilator (i.e.,one that pushes the air into the lungs) are given as: • Design for Manufacturing (DFM): The ability to ramp up the supply of parts is

Conference Session

Focus on ETAC Accreditation

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lili Ma, New York City College of Technology; Benito Mendoza, New York City College of Technology; Lorrington A. Hamilton, New York City College of Technology; Luis Alberto Aponte, New York City College of Technology; Sergey Drabkin, New York City College of Technology; Mauricio Cardenas, New York City College of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. The timeline The timeline is clearly illustrates an The timeline is defined and developed. understanding of loosely defined and 2. Use Project The details are individual task lacks a clear Management Lacking a defined comprehensive; it requirements, understanding of Techniques for timeline. represents a plan with a potential bottlenecks time requirements Completion high probability for

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Murat Kuzlu, Old Dominion University; Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University; Vukica M. Jovanovic, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

anomaly detection cases in smart gridapplications. It was planned on running several hands-on activities in the class that introducessimple artificial intelligence and machine learning models to students through load and energygeneration forecasting and anomaly detection cases widely used in the smart grid environment.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in fall 2020, the course was offered in online synchronousmode, and the hands-on activities had to be run remotely.4. Term Projects The purpose of this assignment is to design and analysis of a smart grid technology aswell as its application in a system, such as smart home/building, smart meter, smart distributionsystem, microgrid, communication infrastructure, distributed energy resources (e.g

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Danielle Harlow, University of California, Santa Barbara; Ron Skinner, MOXI, The Wolf Museum of Exploration + Innovation; Alexandria Muller, University of California, Santa Barbara

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

kindergarteners to graduate students in the schools of the Lucia Mar School District, and at Cornell University, University of Cali- fornia, Irvine, and Santa Barbara City College. He has worked in informal STEM education at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and MOXI, The Wolf Museum of Exploration + Innovation. As MOXI’s first Director of Education, Skinner created the philosophical vision for the department, mapped out a five-year strategic plan, and built up an education staff of five full-time employees, 20 part-time employees, and over 100 volunteers. He planned, budgeted, and implemented a full slate of informal and formal education programs; collaborating with teachers and school administrators, university

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Francisco Cima, Old Dominion University; Pilar Pazos, Old Dominion University; Jennifer Jill Kidd, Old Dominion University; Kristie S. Gutierrez, Old Dominion University; Stacie I. Ringleb, Old Dominion University; Orlando M. Ayala, Old Dominion University; Krishnanand Kaipa, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #33730Enhancing Preservice Teachers’ Intention to Integrate Engineeringthrough a Multi-Disciplinary Partnership (Evaluation)Mr. Francisco Cima, Old Dominion University Francisco Cima is a Ph.D. student in Engineering Management and Systems Engineering at Old Dominion University. He obtained his Masters in Business Planning and Regional Development from the Techno- logical Institute of Merida. His areas of interest are innovation practices in organizations, information and communication technology in organizations, knowledge management, and team processesDr. Pilar Pazos, Old Dominion University Pilar Pazos is an

Conference Session

How We Tackled the Pandemic

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ulises Juan Trujillo Garcia, Boise State University; Krishna Pakala, Boise State University; Samantha Schauer, Boise State University; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Bhaskar Chittoori P.E., Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Fundraising Officer for Organizacion de Estudiantes Latino-Americanos. Among his numerous accomplishments and awards, Ulises was recently elected as a 2021 fellow for the prestigious Station1 Frontiers Fellowship (SFF). He plans to earn an MS in Structural Engineering to gain further insight into the field of engineering and to be able to teach introductory engineering courses where he can serve students who are at vulnerable points in their degree progression. Subsequently, Ulises wants to pursue a Ph.D. in Engineering Education to help diverse students navigate this challenging field, access resources, and increase their graduation and retention rates.Dr. Krishna Pakala, Boise State University Krishna Pakala, Ph.D

Conference Session

Mechanics & Mechanics Related

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brian Lani, Pennsylvania State University, Erie Campus; Charlotte Marr de Vries, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

% Final Exam (comprehensive) 25% Total 100%Baseline Semester:In order to explore the efficacy of the recitation course, the plan is to examine the passing rate ofstudents with similar exam scores both with and without the course. In the fall of 2020, therecitation course was not offered to students and thus will serve as a baseline for student gradecomparison. Within the first 3 weeks of class an invitation was sent to all students throughoutthe 6 sections of Statics asking for participation in the upcoming study. If they consented, theywere asked to complete a short survey and their learning data was used for the study. At the endof the

Conference Session

Learning Outcomes and Assessment Within Chemical Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tamara Floyd Smith, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

full course was during the pandemic, a comparison couldn’tbe made to a traditional exam format to use as evidence to confirm an elevation of course equity.However, creative expression and the identification of gaps were realized. Students were not asenthusiastic about the approach in Fall 2020 and attributed this attitude to the ongoing pandemic.This lethargy is supported by the higher education literature describing mounting mental healthpressures due to the duration of the pandemic.Going forward, the author will not implement the assessment method again during the pandemic.However, there are plans for use as a better alternative to the occasional take home exam.Goal of the StudyThe goal of this study is to review the outcomes from other

Conference Session

DISTINGUISHED LECTURE: 2020 Best PIC and Zone Papers

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pamela McLeod, Stanford University; Junko Munakata Marr, Colorado School of Mines; Richard G. Luthy, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Board of Directors

-2016 and 2017-2020).Program objectivesThe program-level objectives of the ReNUWIt REU are (O1) to provide participating studentswith hands-on research experiences using cross-disciplinary, systems-level approaches, thatdirectly address the design of urban water infrastructure and key knowledge gaps in waterscience/engineering, and (O2) to increase undergraduate students’ interests in pursuing advanceddegrees in water science/engineering, with a particular emphasis on women and minorities.In addition to the program-level objectives, we identified five student-level outcomes thatprovide a framework for the assessment plan. We proposed that through participating in thisREU, students would: (S1) conduct independent research in water science or

Conference Session

WEDNESDAY PLENARY: Featuring Best Zone and PIC Papers & Corporate Member Council Keynote Speaker, Sponsored by EngineeringCAS

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Chao Wang, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Corporate Member Council

brainstorm session. Lastly, students are given one hour to picktheir top three ideas, quickly prototype them and exchange feedback with peers.Project Week 4During this week’s lab, students first summarize the feedback they receive for their prototypesfrom the previous lab. Afterwards, they choose a list of criteria to evaluate their prototypes andconstruct a decision matrix to pick their top design solution. They then plan on how toimplement their top solution by creating a bill of materials and developing a Gantt chart.Project Week 5This week’s lab is for proposal presentation. Each student team gives a 5-min presentation topitch their project. Students are asked to use the Need, Approach, Benefits, Competition (NABC)template [23] to show how their

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy-Philosophy of Engineering (TELPhe) Division Technical Session 3 / Perspectives on Advances in Promoting Technological Literacy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sayyad Zahid Qamar, Sultan Qaboos University; Ramanathan Arunachalam, Sultan Qaboos University; Sayyad Basim Qamar, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

objectives for theMaterials Science and Manufacturing Processes courses were revised to incorporate CTelements. Instructional strategy (especially discussion and interactive sessions) was modified toinclude CT aspects. Assessment plans were amended to address the revised course learningobjectives. Relevant assessment rubrics were revised to include CT features, wherever needed.This paradigm, targeting learning experiences related to critical thinking, can also be applied toother engineering, science, and non-science courses.Keywords: Engineering education; critical thinking; CT models; materials and manufacturing;learning objectives; instructional strategy; assessment planIntroductionThe most important skill required of an engineer in the workplace

Conference Session

Best Paper, Best Diversity Paper

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Buchholz, University of Iowa; Jae-Eun Russell, University of Iowa; Venanzio Cichella, University of Iowa; Casey Harwood, University of Iowa; Shaoping Xiao, University of Iowa; Pablo M. Carrica, University of Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

Teaching, Learning & Technology. Dr. Russell conducts learning analytics research to learn about how to promote the adoption of data- informed instructional practices that support successful student learning. Her research is focused on student learning, engagement and motivation, facilitated by teaching practices, and technology adoptions in various learning environments.Venanzio Cichella, University of Iowa Prof. Venanzio Cichella received his B.S. and M.S. in Automation Engineering in 2007 and 2011, re- spectively, from the University of Bologna, Italy. He got his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 2018 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, majoring in planning and control of multiple au

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Resource Exchange

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tejaswini S. Dalvi, University of Massachusetts, Boston; Kristen B. Wendell, Tufts University; Chelsea Joy Andrews, Tufts University; Nicole Alexandra Batrouny, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

pencil and gliding magnets in a bowl of water.Contact: Tej Dalvi(tejaswini.dalvi@umb.edu)Project Team: Kristen Wendell (PI), Tej Dalvi(co-PI), Chelsea Andrews, Nicole BatrounyProject Link to full curriculum: https://bit.ly/connectionsengineeringThe ConnecTions in the Making project is supported by the NSF, ITEST-1657218 Day 6: Design Challenge - Plan What are important things to consider when solving a design challenge? The class revisits the design task, constraints, and criteria. Students in small groups sketch and discuss initial ideas for a functional scale model of accessible playground equipment. Day 7: Design Challenge - Build, Test, & Iterate How do we know if our design works? How can we use failures to improve? Student groups build

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Technical Session 2: Teaching and Learning

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Christopher Foreman, University of Louisville; Aly Farag, University of Louisville; Asem Ali, University of Louisville; Islam Alkabbany, University of Louisville; Marci S. Decaro, University of Louisville; Thomas Tretter, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Louisville. Her research examines the cognitive mechanisms underlying learning and problem solving in both laboratory and educational contexts, including STEM classrooms.Dr. Thomas Tretter, Thomas Tretter is professor of science education and director of the Gheens Science Hall & Rauch Plan- etarium at the University of Louisville. His scholarship includes collaborative efforts with science and engineering faculty targeting retention of STEM majors in entry-level STEM courses. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Towards a Multi-dimensional Biometric Approach to Real-time Measurement of Student Engagement in the STEM Classroom

Conference Session

2-Year College Division: Students and the Pipeline

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Harriet Hartman, Rowan University; Stephanie Lezotte, Rowan University; Ralph Alan Dusseau P.E., Rowan University; Tiago R Forin, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

have already formed among students who startedtheir program as first-year students. These challenges are often complicated by lower socio-economic status and first-generation college student status. For the most part, transfer studentscarry these challenges as invisible minority marks. As such, they may share with other minoritystatuses a sense of “otherness” from the mainstream college student, and consequent obstacles toself-confidence and -efficacy, weaker academic achievement, uncertainty of future plans in theirmajors, and a weaker sense of being part of the (student) community in their major. Engineeringstudents are not an exception, and successful achievement of an undergraduate degree inengineering may hinge on finding an inclusive and

Conference Session

Improvements in ECE Circuit Analysis

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brian J. Skromme, Arizona State University; Wendy M. Barnard, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

now incorporates an introductory tutorialfor students on this new approach to mesh analysis [21]. Unfortunately, the randomly generatedexamples and exercises in that system do not yet support using this method, as the relevant partsof the software were written prior to conceiving of the new approach and considerable changeswill be required. It is planned to add support for it in the future. The entire tutorial system isfreely available (via the first author) to instructors who wish to use it.The revamped approach to mesh analysis can now be summarized as follows: 1. Select a reference mesh, whose mesh current is usually defined to be 0 A. This mesh can be any mesh in the circuit, including the outer mesh, but should ideally include

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Dynamics I

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Daeyeoul Lee, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jeffrey F. Rhoads, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Edward J. Berger, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

-efficacy [15]. Pintrich and hiscolleagues developed the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) to measurecollege students’ SRL skills [5], and he proposed a conceptual framework for SRL in the collegeclassroom [9]. The framework consists of four phases that are explained in four areas forregulation; the four phases are ‘forethought, planning, and activation,’ ‘monitoring,’ ‘control,’and ‘reaction and reflection’; the four areas for regulation are ‘cognition,’ ‘motivation/affect,’‘behavior,’ and ‘context.’ Table I shows Pintrich’s SRL model [9]. TABLE I PHASES AND AREAS FOR SELF-REGULATED LEARNING Areas for regulation Phases

Collection

2020 ASEE North Central Section conference

Authors

Deanna H Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University; Shuchen Cong, Carnegie Mellon University

lectures Outline tentative operation schedule Create a list of potential Review Panel members 1st day of class Both sections meet, students choose topics ~1st week of class Introduce topic Form working groups Begin preliminary problem structuring and formulation (typically requires several iterations) Week 6 or 7 Initial presentation to Advisory PanelWeek 7 or 8 (prior to mid- Compile first half semester activities in report form semester break) Incorporate feedback from Advisory Panel into plan for 2nd half of semester

Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Natalie C.T. Van Tyne P.E., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

airport and the sound of them reminds you of how much you love flying and fuels your desire to get back into the air. You are planning a number of day trips in the near future. Your Own Position Given all of the stakeholders’ recommendations, what would you recommend to Wayne Davidson? Note: my thanks to Melanie Brandt, Colorado School of Mines, for these example stakeholder descriptions

Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Andrew Assadollahi, P.E., Christian Brothers University; Sarah Swain, Christian Brothers University; Sam Das

concentration in structural seismic engineering. Dr. As- sadollahi completed his Ph.D. in Engineering from The University of Memphis with a concentration in geo-structures in 2013. He currently an Associate Professor and Department Chair of Civil & Environ- mental Engineering at Christian Brothers University. He is a registered professional engineer in the State of Tennessee.Sarah Swain, Christian Brothers University Sarah Swain was a graduate of Brighton High School in 2018. She is currently enrolled at Christian Brothers University to earn a B.S. in Civil Engineering with a concentration in geotechnical engineer- ing, along with a minor in Business Administration, graduating in 2022. She plans to pursue a M.S. in

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Gokul Venugopal; Moges Mequanint; Gabriella Rodriguez; Jenniffer Rodriguez; Valerie Cua; Maria Gloria Obono

BusinessReview2. As they say, “The criminal is the creative artist; the detective only the critic.”-G.K.Chesterton. Deep fakes can be created in many ways. So, in order to know how to detect a deepfake, we needed to know how it is created. Our plan is to generate deep fakes and formulate asolution to fight it. Through this project, we also hope to educate the crowd and raise awareness. MethodThe project is divided into two phases: Creating deep fake and detecting it. To create deep fake, weneeded to capture 500-5000 frames/pictures of two or more people. We have used Faceswap, apython-based application used to convert video footage to images and blend pictures using deeplearning. Real Videos and Images of

Collection

2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Martha Mitchell; Paola Bandini

mentor was not satisfied. When survey results were analyzed, it wasnoted that faculty desired more training and discussion about this mentoring process. In Fall 2019,two mentor meetings were offered, one a more formal mentor orientation and one a round tablediscussion. Faculty express a sense of satisfaction in helping students as their incentive forparticipation. For the few pairs that have not been as successful, it has usually been because the pairsfail to meet as planned. Earlier intervention by program staff using a short check-in right at thebeginning of each semester allowed concerns to surface earlier in Fall 2019. Summary and ConclusionsIn summary, this paper has described a one-on-one, non-research

Collection

Proceedings of the 2020 ASEE PSW Section Conference, canceled

Authors

Ben Juliano, California State University, Chico

Systems environment.Our department program assessment plan includes a curriculum map for the programs we offer.Our curriculum maps identify the courses where we regularly gather embedded assessment datafrom. Each semester, embedded assessment data was collected for all student outcomes from allcourses that map to those outcomes. In addition to our embedded assessment data from coursesidentified by our curriculum maps, we use the following standardized examinations and a seniorexit survey for assessment data: Program Standardized Examination How we use it Educational Testing The Comparative Data Guide for the MFT provides Service’s (ETS) Major Field CSCI

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 3 Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Lizabeth L. Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Tonatiuh Rodriguez-Nikl P.E., California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events” (National Research Council, 2012). We measure the absorption and recovery aspects with a goal of informing future adaptation and