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Displaying results 11191 - 11220 of 42981 in total
Conference Session
Make It!
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University; Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
Paper ID #20207MAKER: A New Course on the Changing World of 3D Printing and Proto-typing for Non-EngineersDr. Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University Dr. Ertekin received his BS degree in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University. He received MS degree in Production Management from Istanbul University. After working for Chrysler Truck Manufacturing Company in Turkey as a project engineer, he received dual MS degrees in engi- neering management and mechanical engineering from Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), formerly the University of Missouri-Rolla. He worked for Toyota Motor Corporation
Conference Session
EET Papers 1
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
course project. LabVIEW was used extensively in the laboratory sessions to helpstudents understand how virtual instrumentation works. LabVIEW was selected for two reasons:its diverse features for data acquisition, control, and flexibility in displaying data and itspopularity in industry. Through using LabVIEW, students not only learn concepts in virtualinstrumentation, they also acquire the skill of using a software package that many companies use.Wireless technologies are used more and more in our daily lives. Even though wirelesscommunication is covered in another course in the program curriculum, it is crucial that studentsunderstand the importance of wireless communication in instrumentation systems. ZigBee wasselected for use in the
Conference Session
Concurrent Paper Tracks Session I - Courses I
Collection
2017 ASEE International Forum
Authors
F.C. Lai, University of Oklahoma; Dong Liang, Laboratory Engineer; Al R Evans, Sichuan University - Pittsburgh Institute
Tagged Topics
Main Forum (Podium Presentation)
best knowledge of the authors, this has never beenexperimented in other institutes. To provide the best learning experience for our students and totake advantage of the MakerSpace (a new facility that was recently set up in SCUPI), the idea ofa SCUPI Derby, which was modeled after the well-known US Boy Scouts’ Pinewood Derby [1],was assigned to our students as the final project. What is different from the Pinewood Derby isthat the model car of our project would be made from 3D printing instead of elaborating on apinewood block. To prepare our students for this challenging task, SolidWorks has been used asthe main design tool. Not only the concept of concurrent engineering was introduced in the earlystage of the class, but also the technology
Conference Session
ERM Technical Session 4: Professional Development in Undergraduate Programs
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alejandro Gutierrez, University of California, Merced; Christopher A. Butler, University of California, Merced; Abbas Ghassemi, University of California, Merced
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Paper ID #25651Work in Progress: The Professional Development Track: A Cooperative Ex-periential Learning Approach to Academic Success for Underserved Engi-neering StudentsDr. Alejandro Gutierrez, University of California, Merced Dr Guti´errez is a teaching professor at UC Merced, where he runs the Capstone Design Program in the School of Engineering. This program is the culminating experience for all students in mechanical engineering, civil & environmental engineering, bioengineering, and materials science. All projects in the UC Merced Capstone Design Program are initiated by industry partners, and the main goal of the
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ella Lee Ingram, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Cara Margherio, University of Washington; Kerice Doten-Snitker, University of Washington; Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
, introductory biology, ecology and environmental studies, evolution, evolutionary medicine, and research practices in science.Dr. Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington Elizabeth Litzler, Ph.D., is the director of the University of Washington Center for Evaluation & Research for STEM Equity (UW CERSE) and an affiliate assistant professor of sociology. She has been at UW working on STEM Equity issues for more than 12 years. Dr. Litzler is a member of ASEE and a former board member of the Women in Engineering ProActive Network (WEPAN). She is currently the principal investigator on a dozen different research and evaluation projects focused on improving equity, diversity, and inclusion in higher education. Her research
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Renee Cole, University of Iowa; Juliette M. Lantz, Drew University; Suzanne Ruder, Virginia Commonwealth University; Gilbert J. Reynders III, University of Iowa; Courtney Stanford, Virginia Commonwealth University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
for the Increase the Impact Project, which is developing resources for PIs to improve the propagation of their innovations, as well as a PI for the ELIPSS Project, which is developing resources for STEM instructors to assess professional skills in the classroom. Dr. Cole is also an associate editor for the Journal of Chemical Education.Prof. Juliette M. Lantz, Drew UniversityDr. Suzanne Ruder, Virginia Commonwealth University Suzanne Ruder, Ph.D., is a Professor of Chemistry at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. She has been active in the POGIL project for 15 years, using POGIL in large organic chemistry classes, developing and facilitating faculty workshops, and serving on the POGIL steering
Conference Session
Methods & Techniques in Graduate Education
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yamilka Baez-Rivera, Mississippi State University; Lennon Brown, Mississippi State University; Noel Schulz, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
graduate student in Engineering because of her research work. Her Research work is related to last year internship in Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in Ocean Springs, MS. During that time, Yamilka was a link in a pilot project between the university and the company in where she apply what she learned in class and research at MSU, to the real shipboard power systems problems in the company. Her work is going to continue this summer, when she goes back to Northrop Grumman for second consecutive year as a summer intern. She is an active student in research, courses and extracurricular activities, especially sports. Some research interests include control techniques and the application in power systems
Conference Session
Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alan Leduc, Ball State University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
Page 13.1082.2organization would not be competitive. Dupont realized that they must optimize both customerand stakeholder value and Six Sigma evolved to what is known as the Third Generation. Animportant part of Six Sigma Generation III, was tying Six Sigma projects to the organization’sstrategic objectives.While working with industry, it is clear that many know Six Sigma simply as a quality programand think that it is nothing new. It is true that many of the tools in the Six Sigma toolkit can betraced back to AT&T Bell Laboratories in the 1920’s where Shewhart introduced his revolutionson variation. Components from Deming, Juran, Feigenbaum and others are prevalent throughoutSix Sigma as well. However, Six Sigma has evolved far beyond a
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amy Chan Hilton, Florida State University
AC 2008-1516: ADAPTATION OF GROUNDWATER PHYSICAL MODELS ANDACTIVITIESAmy Chan Hilton, Florida State University Page 13.147.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Adaptation of Groundwater Physical Models and Activities for Enhanced Student LearningAbstractStudies have shown that using a variety of teaching techniques to address the spectrum oflearning styles enhances student learning. The goal of this project is to improve student interestand learning of groundwater topics relevant to environmental engineering. Specifically, theobjectives are to: 1) adapt physical models and classroom demonstrations and real-worldactivities to
Conference Session
Graduate Education in Engineering Technology
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jess Godbey, Jacksonville State University; Dana Ingalsbe, Jacksonville State University; Terry Marbut, Jacksonville State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
) apply advanced principles and practices, 3) creatively use technology in solvingpractical problems, and 4) manage technology systems in manufacturing. This graduate programis the result of a two-year participatory development process. Key manufacturing partners andthe department’s industrial advisory council played critical roles in identifying appropriatestudent outcomes and the resulting curriculum. There are several distinctive aspects of thisprogram including the accommodation of working students through part-time scheduling andonline delivery. The program provides students with a blend of both technical and managementcourses and culminates with an industry-based project. This paper will provide an example fordeveloping a graduate program
Conference Session
Global Engineering in an Interconnected World
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard McGinnis, Bucknell University; Alexandra Coleman, Bucknell University; Jacqueline Denning, Bucknell University; Joseph Smith, Bucknell University
Tagged Divisions
International
developed a six-week program for its engineering andbusiness students, the Baylor International Technology Entrepreneurship (BITE) program. Theproject-based course is multi-disciplinary and is done together with Dutch students from theUniversity of Maastricht.6 We have developed a three-week program, Engineering in a Global& Societal Context, that has been offered in England and Argentina. In this program the studentsare exposed to many of the non-technical aspects of engineering projects that affect whether aproject is allowed to go forward. Engineering and planning officials and consultants discussthese factors on the international site with the students.7 We have used these types of programsto give an additional 15% of engineering students a
Conference Session
Enhancing K12 Mathematics Education with Engineering
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Heath Tims, Louisiana Tech University; Galen Turner, Louisiana Tech University; Don Schillinger, Louisiana Tech University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
have teamedup with area school teachers from under-performing schools to develop engaging projects. Theseprojects utilize techniques that have proven successful in Integrated Engineering and ScienceCurricula in the college. These techniques include team building, collaborative learning, andhands-on activities.The purpose of the project was to provide opportunities for the development and active use ofmath learning activities that integrate best pedagogical practices associated with the use ofliteracy strategies and connections to real world relevance from the discipline of engineering.Over the course of the project the participants were engaged in activities involving the designand construction of various mechanical and physical devices such
Collection
2021 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Meeting
Authors
Mohammad Abu Rafe Biswas, The University of Texas at Tyler; Aws AlShalash
project and research students.Aws AlShalash American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Improve Technical Communication using Scaffolding Method in Mechanical Engineering CoursesAbstractOne of the most effective and well documented ways, throughout literary sources, to educate anddevelop capable and independent professionals such as engineers combines lecture sessions withstep-by-step synergistic activities (experiments and reports). Therefore, many engineeringeducators are seeking experiential learning techniques and implementations that are innovative toassist students understand, exercise, and communicate engineering concepts they
Collection
2008 GSW
Authors
George D. Gray
practical manufacturing methods, the better. ME courses already provide plenty of theory. Good practical knowledge is important for engineers.” • “I only wish we had more time.” Proceedings of the 2008 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference The University of New Mexico – Albuquerque Copyright ©2008, American Society for Engineering EducationThese hands-on manufacturing activities can also be very valuable as recruiting andretention tools within the engineering disciplines, as students seem to relate better andstay focused within their chosen engineering fields when they are actively engaged inhands-on projects early on in their curricula
Conference Session
Sustainability in Engineering Curricula
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jess Everett, Rowan University; Peter Mark Jansson, Rowan University; Krishan Bhatia, Rowan University; Chris Moore, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University; Chris Baralus, Rowan University
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
AC 2009-1436: ENERGY AUDITS AND SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERINGJess Everett, Rowan UniversityPeter Mark Jansson, Rowan UniversityKrishan Bhatia, Rowan UniversityWilliam Riddell, Rowan UniversityChris Moore, Rowan UniversityChris Baralus, Rowan University Page 14.533.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Energy Audits and Sustainable EngineeringAbstractUndergraduate Engineering majors are introduced to Sustainable Engineering by conductingenergy audits at farms, office buildings, and industrial facilities. These projects provide realworld experiences where the students are called upon to use all their book knowledge, commonsense and resourcefulness to make a
Conference Session
Attracting Young Minds: Part II
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
J. Shelley, United States Air Force; Mickey Bowen, United States Air Force
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
’ instructors with the support of a Title V grant inan attempt to recruit students from underrepresented groups into engineering. Aninnovative project-based format allows the students to discover the basic principles ofmechanical, electrical, and civil engineering while practicing trouble shooting,leadership, and project strategy. This paper discusses the details of the course, its “lectureon demand” style of instruction, the involvement of local industry, and the demographicsof the students enrolling in the class. In its second semester, the course can already claimsome accomplishments in preparing students for engineering undergraduate success.Introduction: This paper offers a ‘snapshot’ of demographic information and coursedevelopment for a
Collection
1996 Annual Conference
Authors
Michael V. Doran; Herbert E. Longenecker; David L. Feinstein; David D. Langan
the fields of computing, computing education and educational psychology, was conducted atthe beginning of the project to critique project planning and initial materials. Materials currently developedwill be class tested and evaluated by other faculty during the remainder of this year. These updated materialswill be refined and further disseminated. The evaluation of materials will continue with the original five on-site consultants, three off-site consultants and several review/adoption institutions. An Undergraduate FacultyEnhancement workshop has been funded and is being planned for June of 1996. This will allow 20participants to be exposed to the methodology and materials developed in this project
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Cady, National Academy of Engineering; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering; Catherine Didion, National Academy of Engineering; Karen Peterman, Goodman Research Group, Inc.
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
AC 2009-252: INCREASING FEMALE ENGINEERING-DEGREE ATTAINMENTIN ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTSElizabeth Cady, National Academy of EngineeringNorman Fortenberry, National Academy of EngineeringCatherine Didion, National Academy of EngineeringKaren Peterman, Goodman Research Group, Inc. Page 14.729.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Increasing Female Engineering Degree Attainment in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering DepartmentsAbstractThe Engineering Equity Extension Service (EEES) project aims to increase the number ofwomen who graduate with baccalaureate degrees in engineering, with a specific focus on the
Conference Session
International Engineering Education II
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Dalton, The Petroleum Institute; Isoroku Kubo, The Petroleum Institute
Tagged Divisions
International
globalwarming, economic considerations and a shift of focus within the oil and gas industry itself, notonly is such an initiative relevant, but (we advocate) should be a planned and programmed partof our curriculum development process. It should be both cross-curricular and interdisciplinaryand project based in nature. Already, engineering programs in the Gulf region such as those inKing Faisal University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait Universityinclude ASE issues and components in their curriculum, albeit at differing stages ofdevelopment.It is further significant in our context in that we are committed to developing behavioralcompetencies outlined by our sponsor, the national oil company- teamwork, organization,planning; time
Conference Session
Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alexa Rihana-Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy; James Joseph Lynch, University of Detroit Mercy
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
model the contaminant concentrations overtime and distance. A survey at the end of the project and comments from the course evaluationsindicate that the Matlab modeling exercise, although challenging, was well received. Studentswere able to predict the time when the concentration of the contaminant drops below themaximum allowable concentration in drinking water. They also were able to model themovement of the plume. When asked about the importance of learning a computer language,92% stated that this skill and knowledge are very important and will help them in their job 1applications, 76% stated that modeling the plume helped them visualize its spread and predict itsfate. For future offerings
Conference Session
Architectural Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christopher Purdy, SmithGroupJJR; Paul Urbanek FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP, SmithGroupJJR
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
Paper ID #18669Remaking the Engineering Building: Facility Design Best PracticesMr. Christopher Purdy, SmithGroupJJR Chris Purdy is the Higher Education Practice Director for SmithGroupJJR. With twenty five years of ex- perience focusing on facilities for higher education, he understands the unique requirements of campus architecture including longevity, sensitivity to context, sustainability and student engagement. Chris has special expertise in providing leadership for projects that focus on student STEM education and research. Some of his most notable clients include Michigan State University, Oakland University
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karen C. Davis, University of Cincinnati; Fred Richard Beyette Jr., University of Cincinnati
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
-customer data at the beginning of thesemester to help inform their project proposals and then to evaluate alternate designs aroundmidterm. The first two lessons help the students to broaden their ideas about who theirstakeholders could be and to think beyond the technical aspects of the project to address thepotential value of the project. At the end of term, they produce an elevator pitch video andconduct a technical design review (TDR). The final lesson about responding to a failed pitch canhelp students move forward using the critiques from their TDR and video pitch.The contributions of this paper include (1) illustration of active learning exercises developed forteam-based, in-class activities to support the online content, and (2) development
Conference Session
Materials, Manufacturing, and Machine Component Design
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert Scott Pierce P.E., Western Carolina University; Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
majorsin the Mechanical Engineering Concentration at our university. The sequence of presentation oftheoretical content in the course is coordinated with the requirements of the ski lift project, sothat students are presented with theory on an “as-needed” basis. Preliminary evaluation ofstudent perception of learning based on Student Assessment of Instruction (SAI) datademonstrates that students feel that learning of theoretical content is improved when it ismotivated by the need to solve a problem for their ski lift design.IntroductionA course in the design of machine elements has been a part of most mechanical engineeringcurricula since the 1950’s. The content of this course has its roots in academic research in solidmechanics, mechanisms and
Conference Session
Working at the Intersection of Industry and Academia
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel; David S. Greenburg, The Citadel
Tagged Divisions
Continuing Professional Development
he joined the faculty at the Citadel. Dr. Greenburg’s research interests include modeling project networks, technical decision making and leadership. Dr. Greenburg earned is BA in History at The Citadel (1981), Masters in Management from the Naval Postgraduate School (1994), and his PhD in Business Administration (Man- agement of Engineering and Technology) from Northcentral University (2010). He is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) by The Project Management Institute (PMI). c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Meeting Industry Needs for Professional and Technical Skills With New Graduate DegreesThe role and latitude of the
Conference Session
Modeling, Inquiry, Engineering Literacy & Argumentation
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tanner J. Huffman, College of New Jersey; Greg J. Strimel, Purdue Polytechnic Institute; Michael Grubbs, Baltimore County Public Schools
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
Paper ID #21953Determining the Engineering Knowledge Dimension: What all High SchoolStudents Should Know to be Engineering Literate (Fundamental)Dr. Tanner J. Huffman, College of New Jersey Tanner Huffman is an assistant professor in the Department of Integrative STEM Education, School of En- gineering at The College of New Jersey (TCNJ). Before joining the faculty at TCNJ, Dr. Huffman was the Director of Research, Assessment and Special Projects at the International Technology and Engineering Educators Association (ITEEA). While at ITEEA, he secured funding from the National Science Foun- dation, the Kuwait Foundation for
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Branislav M. Notaros, Colorado State University; Ryan McCullough, Colorado State University; Sanja B. Manic, Colorado State University; Anthony A. Maciejewski, Colorado State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
and activelearning. The use of technology can mitigate some of these issues as it can allow forvisualization of abstract and mathematical concepts. This also brings in the possibility for designwork, a core aspect of the Creativity thread within the RED project, in a way that was notpossible through traditional methods.Within the Creativity thread of the RED project, we consider MATLAB as one of the mostessential tools that all ECE students and future engineers should be able to use effectively.MATLAB® (by MathWorks, Inc.) is chosen not only for its very high quality and versatility, butbecause it represents a generally accepted standard in science and engineering educationworldwide.  This work in progress paper presents inclusion of MATLAB
Conference Session
Engineers and Communities: Critical Reflections of Challenges, Opportunities, and Practices of Engaging Each Other
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Howard L. Greene, Ohio State University; Kaleb Eldridge, Heart to Honduras; Patrick John Sours, Ohio State University
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
NGOs and Civil Society. Meanwhile, he and his wife Stacey continue to work with Heart to Honduras at a distance.Patrick John Sours, Ohio State University Patrick is a graduate student in Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering. Patrick received a B.S. in Civil Engineering from The Ohio State University with a minor in Humanitarian Engineering. Patrick’s graduate research focus is international development through engineering. His main research project is Maji Marwa: A Sustainable and Resilient Community Project. Patrick has been involved with Humanitar- ian Engineering projects at Ohio State for the past seven years. He has worked on project in Guatemala, Honduras, India and Tanzania
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division Poster Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Yonghui Wang, Prairie View A&M University; Suxia Cui, Prairie View A&M University; Wei Zhan P.E., Texas A&M University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
, data compression, wavelets, computer vision, remote sensing, and computing educa- tion. Her projects are currently funded by NSF, United States Department of Agriculture, and Department of Education.Dr. Wei Zhan P.E., Texas A&M University Dr. Wei Zhan is an Associate Professor of Electronics Engineering Technology at Texas A&M University. Dr. Zhan earned his D.Sc. in Systems Science from Washington University in St. Louis in 1991. From 1991 to 1995, he worked at University of California, San Diego and Wayne State University. From 1995 to 2006, he worked in the automotive industry as a system engineer. In 2006 he joined the Electronics Engineering Technology faculty at Texas A&M. His research activities
Conference Session
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Engineering Alignment with Core Curriculum (Physics)
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Camilla Arlina Nix, Drexel University ; Jared Andrew Ruddick, Girard Academic Music Program; Jessica S. Ward, Drexel University; Adam K. Fontecchio, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Physics & Physics, Pre-College Engineering Education Division
more than 90 peer-reviewed publications. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Comparing what 8th vs 10th grade students take away from engineering curriculum incorporated into their Physical Science Classroom- (Work in Progress)Background and MotivationEngaging students through hands on activities, projects and inquiry based instruction can be aneffective way to introduce engineering and engineering careers to high school students. Whenstudents investigate and learn about these topics through an extended design project, it couldincrease their overall interest in engineering or science subjects1. The National ScienceFoundation Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12
Conference Session
Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Paulina Z. Sidwell, McLennan Community College
Tagged Topics
ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Economy
, given principal, interest rate, and pay period. 5. Perform project evaluation, including cost/benefit analysis. 6. Articulate principles of taxation and depreciation. 7. Perform capital budgeting, cost comparisons, and replacement analyses. 8. Solve problems at a level consistent with expectations of the engineering economics portion of the Fundamentals of Engineering examEngineering is a global and interdisciplinary field. Accreditation boards and engineeringeducation institutions across the board have called for a more well-rounded engineeringeducation, expressing the need for engineers that are better equipped to understand the impact ofthe global economy on engineering solutions, as well as the social and global