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Displaying results 11641 - 11670 of 22137 in total
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Yann Guezennec; Stephen Yurkovich; Gregory Washington; Giorgio Rizzoni
Technical Paper 981061 in SP 1357: Electronic Engine Controls. SAE International Congress & Exposition, February 1998, Detroit, MI, USA.5. B. Baumann, G. Rizzoni, Q. Washington, “Intelligent Control of the Ohio State University Hybrid-Electric Vehicle”, nd pp. 123-128, Pre-prints 2 IFAC Workshop Advances in Automotive Control, Mohican State Park, Loudonville, OH, Feb. 26-Mar. 1, 1998.6. Wasacz, B., Janes, N., Guezennec, Y.G. and Rizzoni, G., "The Ohio State University's 1996 FutureCar", SAE Publication SP-1196, pp. 39-51, 1997.7. G. Rizzoni, A. Keyhani, "Design of Mechatronic Systems: an Integrated, Inter-Departmental Curriculum", Mechatronics, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 1995.8. G
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Program Development & Desired Outcomes
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Nilsen, VentureWell; Victoria Matthew, VentureWell/Epicenter; Angela Shartrand, VentureWell; Thema Monroe-White, SageFox Consulting Group
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
visionary faculty champions makeefforts to integrate these 21st century skills into the curriculum in an incremental fashion(adding a course or launching an elective program). However, the partners involved withthe Epicenter project observed that deeper change and sustainability did not directlyfollow these efforts. Existing efforts to stimulate entrepreneurship had clearly had some Page 26.1401.2impact, but the overall landscape of engineering education had only shifted to a smalldegree.Pathways program development began with an independent literature review to identifypromising models and practices that could guide the design and implementation of
Collection
15th Annual First-Year Engineering Experience Conference (FYEE)
Authors
Joshua Eron Stone, University of Maryland College Park; Forrest Milner, University of Maryland College Park; Abigail Guicheteau, University of Maryland College Park
engineering school has recently launched an AI4All initiative, which hopes to equip every engineering student with an ML skillset. Introducing ML curriculum within ENES100, a required three-credit first-year engineering course, is crucial for AI4All as it introduces essential concepts at an early stage. ENES100 consists of a semester-long collaborative project where groups of eight students construct a small Arduino-powered robot (OTV) from scratch capable of autonomous navigation and mission-specific sensing and actuation, described in Table 1 below. The integration of ML within ENES100 involves a 2-hour lesson delivered by an instructor during which they learn and receive tools to use
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT) Technical Session 1: Robotics and Bio-Inspired Projects
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey Jianfeng Ma, Saint Louis University; Lisa Bosman, Marquette University; Maged Mikhail, Purdue University Northwest; Khalid H. Tantawi, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)
inthe lives of new engineers.”“The integration of the entrepreneurial mindset, STEAM, as well as the bio-inspired design allowed meto tackle the curriculum from several different angles.”“As I work to become an engineer with the goal of creating many new technologies, I must be open to newideas and ways of thinking.”(2). Bio-inspired design can help improve all fields of engineering“Robotics has been researching the cheetah to develop more effective four legged robots (figure 2). Whendesigning a robot meant to mimic the way animals walk and run, it is important to have a model tostudy”- 7“In swimming, the suits of the swimmers have been modeled after shark skin’s ability to create less dragin
Conference Session
Unique Laboratory Experiments & Programs
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Mukasa Ssemakula
Session 2526 Adaptation Of The Learning Factory Model For Implementation In A Manufacturing Laboratory Mukasa E. Ssemakula and Gene Y. Liao Division of Engineering Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.Abstract The Learning Factory concept was first developed as part of the TRP/NSF fundedManufacturing Engineering Education Partnership (MEEP). The objective of the LearningFactory (LF) is to integrate a practice-based engineering curriculum that balances analytical andtheoretical knowledge with physical facilities for product realization in an industrial
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Sanjeev Khanna; Chris Jenkins
over simplifying: mechanics is physics andmaterials science is chemistry. But in the deformation of a real body, the macroscopic loads,boundary conditions, and geometry interact with the material microstructure – any separationotherwise is ours alone, not natures!The typical undergraduate engineering curriculum follows along this schism. An introductorycourse in “mechanics of materials” is taught by mechanics faculty, whereas an introductorycourse in “property of materials” is taught by science faculty. Mostly, such courses are taught inisolation from one another, both philosophically (in different “languages” and points of view)and physically (the faculty don’t interact). (That the instructors are competent in their respectivedisciplines and
Collection
2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference
Authors
Joseph P. Fuehne P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)
Columbus desired to upgrade its teaching andlearning methods to a more modern, active, and student-centered style. While PurduePolytechnic Columbus always had emphasized applied learning more than theorylearning and included many hands-on activities in the classes, some improvements © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference Proceedings | Paper ID 35927were needed to transform the educational experience to the 21st century. There are 10elements to this transformation: 1. Theory-based Applied Learning 2. Team Project-based Learning 3. Modernized Lecture Methods 4. Integrated Learning-in-Context Curriculum 5. Integrated Humanities Studies 6. Competency
Collection
2020 Gulf Southwest Section Conference
Authors
Aleksandr Sergeyev; John Irwin; Adrienne Minerick
andmodifications in order to stay tuned with current industry needs. Fanuc has a strong record of hiringMichigan Tech students and has expressed an even stronger interest for graduates with an advancedmechatronics degree.Kaufman Engineered Systems (KES), is the largest in the U.S. integrator of Fanuc roboticssolutions. For over 70 years, KES has been a pioneer in complete line automation. The companyhas a reputation for single-source convenience, responsive service, and unmatched equipmentperformance. KES has been an advocate of Michigan Tech for many years. They havedemonstrated continuous support for the undergraduate robotic curriculum development in theEET program. KES has expressed a significant demand for mechatronics specialists with skillsthat are
Conference Session
Emerging Computing and Information Technologies II
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mahmoud K. Quweider, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley; Fitratullah Khan, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
course major module objectives and module sub-objectives, in particular, those that are relevant to CBI implementation. 2. Identifying expected difficulties: What are the difficulties that students face when taking the course? 3. Real-world context: Why is the course an important part of the CS curriculum, and where can one find its applications? 4. Knowledge model: What is the conceptual model for the course, including prerequisites, course dependencies, and course level? What concepts and techniques should be considered to enhance understanding of the material? 5. Assessment of learning: How does one change the traditional testing and assessment methods to make sure these include formative assessment
Conference Session
Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 8
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Cribbs, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Hariharan Naganathan, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Christopher O'Neil, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Michael J D'Agostino, Wentworth Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Faculty Development Division (FDD)
), Interior Design and Construction (ID+C) and Operations and Maintenance (O+M) specialties. Additionally, he holds an accreditation with the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI), as a Construction Documents Technologist (CDT).Dr. Hariharan Naganathan, Wentworth Institute of Technology Dr. Hariharan Naganathan, an Assistant Professor of Construction Management at Wentworth Institute of Technology, has made significant contributions to sustainable construction practices through research on energy analytics of buildings and the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in construction education. As a passionate educator, Dr. Naganathan develops a curriculum that com- bines theoretical knowledge
Conference Session
New Trends in ECE Education II
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dorin Patru, Rochester Institute of Technology; Daniel Phillips, Rochester Institute of Technology; Eric Peskin, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
are outlined and how these topics meet the intendedinstructional objectives is shown. A description of the lab assignments, which complement thelectures and further foster the instructional objectives follows. Finally, possible futureimprovements are indicated.IntroductionThe introduction of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) devices in the 1980s made theintegration of memory and input / output peripherals along with the central processing unitpossible. This resulted in the development of the prototypical microcontroller, also commonlyreferred to as an integrated microcomputer. Their ubiquitous use in almost all contemporaryelectronic systems indicates the importance of courses which teach electrical engineeringstudents how to use and/or
Conference Session
Continuous improvement of programs, practices and people.
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University; Dirk Joel-Luchini Colbry, Michigan State University; Julie Rojewski, Michigan State University; Astri Briliyanti
Tagged Divisions
Continuing Professional Development
CyberAmbassadors project(Award #1730137), which seeks to provide training in communications, teamwork, andleadership skills in order to advance multidisciplinary, computationally-intensive research inscience and engineering.The CyberAmbassadors project received 3 years of funding from the National ScienceFoundation to pursue the following objectives:  Objective 1: Develop Curriculum. New training materials will be developed with a focus on professional skills (communications, teamwork, leadership) within the context of large scale, multi-disciplinary, computational research across science and engineering. The curriculum will be developed in consultation with an External Advisory Board of CI Professionals and domain experts
Conference Session
Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 6: Programs in Graduate Education
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
April A. Dukes, University of Pittsburgh; Valerie E. Kerr, University of Pittsburgh; Susan K. Fullerton Shirey, University of Pittsburgh; Götz Veser, University of Pittsburgh; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies Division (GSD)
throughout theentirety of the graduate student experience. Based on the assessment outcomes, the model is revised.Thus, the innovation lies in integrating the components into a department-wide model that (1) mutuallysupports an individualized, student-centered educational strategy and (2) deploys rigorous assessment toquantify the impact of our approach on students and faculty. We are undertaking a sweeping overhaul ofSTEM graduate education while documenting the process and outcomes, establishing the potential foradoption across our school and nationwide.The model is derived from the five principles of personalized learning by Watson and Watson[14] andcomprises the following key components: (1) establishing Instructional Goals for each student
Conference Session
Assessment in Large and Small Programs
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Ronald Terry; W. Vincent Wilding
of ourconstituency groups in the development of our educational plan to respond to EC2000; and 2) todescribe the new course and its educational goals and benefits for our chemical engineeringstudents.IntroductionDuring the development of an educational plan for students in the Chemical EngineeringDepartment at Brigham Young University, we, along with our faculty colleagues, identifiedseveral topics that we felt were being treated insufficiently in our curriculum.1-2 Many of thesewere listed in ABET’s Engineering Criterea 2000 as desirable student outcomes. These includedengineering ethics, industrial and laboratory safety issues, environmental concerns, leadershipand teaming principles, and other issues involving how chemical engineering
Conference Session
Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jessica W. Clark, University of Maine; John R. Thompson, University of Maine; Donald B. Mountcastle, University of Maine
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
. Therefore our results probably represent an upper bound on student knowledge. Consider- Figure 2: Task and prompt used in introductory physics to probe student ideas about work only.ing each part individually offers insights into specific difficulties students have with each concept.Considering the task as a whole represents a more global integration of many concepts, which isan important step in progressing through any course of study. We present the analysis of eachquestion in turn and finish with the complete task.3.1 Student ideas about thermodynamic workThe students were asked to compare the works done in two different processes connecting thesame initial and final states. They were also asked to provide an explanation. We believe
Conference Session
Assessment & Quality; Accreditation in Engineering Education
Collection
2005 Annual Conference
Authors
David Anthony; C. Richard Helps; Barry Lunt
measure the outcomes a new disciplineachieves with its graduates? Many programs have been and still are in transition. How do youobtain credible feedback as to whether the program meets the defined objectives especially if thestandards are still evolving? How does a program use this feedback to modify the program andthe objectives so that changes add value to future graduates?CAC programs have traditionally also had a “model curriculum” which, while not officially partof the accreditation criteria, creates expectations for computer-oriented programs.This paper will discuss how these key issues are related and present organizational mechanismsfor completing these requirements.1. Introduction Assessment is an ongoing process aimed at
Conference Session
Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karim Heinz Muci-Kuchler, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Mark David Bedillion, Carnegie Mellon University; Shaobo Huang, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Cassandra M Birrenkott, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Marius D Ellingsen, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Walelign Messele Nikshi, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; John Ziadat, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Tagged Divisions
Systems Engineering
Carnegie Mellon University as a Teaching Faculty in August 2016. Dr. Bedillion’s research interests include distributed manipulation, control applications in data storage, control applications in manufacturing, and STEM education.Dr. Shaobo Huang, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Dr. Shaobo Huang is an Assistant Professor and the Stensaas Endowed STEM Chair in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at South Dakota School of Mines & Technology. Her research interests in- clude student retention and academic performance in engineering, student achievement evaluation and assessment, and K-12 STEM curriculum design.Dr. Cassandra M Degen, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Dr. Cassandra Degen
Conference Session
ETD - STEM Issues in ET II
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Faye Jones, Florida A&M University - Florida State University; Marcia Mardis, Florida A&M University - Florida State University
the workforce, curricula must be continuous, theoretical, and practical. To documentthis articulation and its benefits to workforce, in this study, we investigate:RQ. To what degree does the Florida AM Curriculum Frameworks reflect the needs of AMemployers?In this paper, we present the method and early results of a comparison of employer needs andcurriculum outcomes in rural northwest Florida we conducted to determine if employers needwhat AM preparation programs are teaching their students.2.0 Literature ReviewThe present study is based in Florida, where 22 of the 28 community and state collegesparticipate in or have adopted an Engineering Technology (ET) program [6]. Enrollment in theET program has also gone from 1,776 students in 2015-16
Conference Session
Innovative Pedagogies for Facilitating Student-driven Learning Experiences
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allen C. Estes, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; John W. Lawson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
studios, materialsof construction, general education courses, and the necessary calculus and physics courses thatare prerequisites for their first ARCE courses in statics and mechanics of materials. The result,as determined by exit interviews with the department head, was that ARCE freshmen did not feellike they were part of the department and were often dropping out or changing majors prior totaking their first ARCE course. Other than their ARCE faculty advisor who the freshman arerequired to see quarterly, these students had no contact with the ARCE faculty. The obvioussolution was to include an ARCE course in the curriculum that would remedy this and inspire thefreshmen for the structural engineering curriculum that laid ahead.The ARCE program
Collection
2000 Annual Conference
Authors
Valerie E. Taylor; Rudolf Eigenmann; Renato Figueiredo; Nirav Kapadia; Luis Vidal; Jose A.B. Fortes; Jan-Jo Chen; Alok Choudhary
researchers from academia and industry. Access to the network-computing system, including account requests, document retrievaland actual execution of tools, is obtained entirely through standard, web-based interfaces.The emphasis is on exposing the students to the functionality and nature of tools, while elim-inating the need for time spent in securing access to machines, accounts, documentation, andlearning unfriendly interfaces. The result is a system that supports the integration of a largenumber of tools in undergraduate classes, while minimizing the overheads of installing andlearning a tool and nding resources to run it. Our work is part of an NSF-funded project on combined research and curriculum devel-opment. This paper describes the
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 10
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jennifer A. Mallory, Western New England University; Matthew Romoser, Western New England University; Michael J. Rust, Western New England University; Thomas Keyser, Western New England University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
importance of EML skills.IntroductionRecently, there has been significant interest in the inclusion of activities based onentrepreneurially minded learning (EML) in engineering courses.1-3 The interest is due to avariety of factors, including feedback from employers that students with EML skills are morehighly sought than those with strictly technical backgrounds.1 Skills that have been identified asbeing important for an entrepreneurial mindset include effective communication, teamwork,customer awareness, learning through failure, and tolerance for ambiguity.1 Since these skillsare not typically cultivated in the traditional engineering curriculum, new EML-based activitiesthat can be implemented in existing engineering courses are highly sought.At
Conference Session
Engineering Faculty: Interactions, Influences and Issues
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Geoffrey Brown, University of Michigan; David B Knight, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Paper ID #8669Engineering Practice in the Academic Plan: External Influences, Faculty, andtheir Teaching RolesMr. Michael Geoffrey Brown, University of Michigan Michael is a second year doctoral student at the University of Michigan in Higher Education. His research interests focus on organizational communication and curriculum planning in post-secondary education.Dr. David B Knight, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education David Knight is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Education and affiliate faculty with the Higher Education Program at Virginia Tech. His research focuses on student learning
Collection
2024 South East Section Meeting
Authors
Alexa C. Andershock, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Baker A. Martin, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Paper ID #40892Investigating Performance in First-Year Engineering Programs as aPredictor of Future Academic SuccessAlexa C. Andershock, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Lexy Andershock is an undergraduate student studying Computer Science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Her research interests include the influence of first-year engineering programs on engineering students, especially relating to major choice and future academic performance.Baker A. Martin, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Baker Martin is a Lecturer in Engineering Fundamentals at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, where he
Conference Session
A Potpourri of Innovations in Physics
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Warren Turner; Glenn Ellis
learner-centered pedagogy offers threeadvantages for the study of kinematics: it is consistent with the NRC key findings, it can benaturally integrated with real-time data collection using motion detectors or video analysis, and itprovides a mechanism for developing insight into both physics and calculus. Although we usegraphical analysis throughout our study of dynamics and other subjects in physics, in this paperwe will present only our work on one-dimensional kinematics. The curriculum implementationthat we will describe took place in an 11 th-grade physics class in the Brunswick School,Greenwich, CT (a college-preparatory private day school). Our major learning goals forkinematics were the following: · Given a description of one
Collection
2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference
Authors
Mohammad Waqar Mohiuddin, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Jonathan Weaver-Rosen, Texas A&M University; Carlos R. Corleto P.E., Texas A&M University; Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University; Shadi Balawi, Texas A&M University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
elements of teamwork include understanding team stages, recognizingmembers' strengths and weaknesses, fostering mutual trust, and managing roles and expectationsthrough tools like team charters. To address the gap in teamwork skill development, theUNdergraduates Improving TEamwork Skills (UNITES) project was launched to integrate verticallyaligned lecture modules into the engineering curriculum. The foundational module initially consistedof slide-based content focused on characteristics of successful teams, team dynamics, andexpectation management. However, instructor feedback revealed challenges such as unfamiliaritywith concepts, lack of student engagement, and excessive time required to cover materials duringlectures. The module was improved to
Collection
2007 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Deran Hanesian; Angelo J. Perna
underrepresented groups (ethnic and racial minorities, women, and thephysically challenged) in science, technology and engineering, where they havelong been underrepresented. K-12 Programs at NJIT and elsewhere have theirorigins over 30 years ago with most of these programs aimed at increasing thepool of minorities entering engineering and science and, in the past decade,research programs for undergraduates have been added to further increase thispool. Undergraduate research at NJIT has been an integral part of the curriculum,as an elective course, in each of the two senior year semesters since the 1960’sbut on occasion juniors have been allowed into these courses for credit. The UREProgram (1990) and the McNair Program (1999) were added and in some cases
Conference Session
Beneficial Case Studies in AEC Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Edmond Saliklis, California Polytechnic State University; Robert Arens, California Polytechnic State University; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
Knowledge, and progress in their curriculum and courses to the higher levels ofSynthesis and Evaluation. Compare this to a studio environment in an undergraduateArchitecture curriculum, where the faculty often begin with the highest levels, such asEvaluation in applying value judgments about the adequacy of the design and Synthesis, byputting disparate pieces of information together, and Analysis in solving large complex problemsby reducing them to smaller pieces. Thus, the paper’s hypothesis is that Engineering facultytypically move up Bloom’s taxonomy of the cognitive domain, whereas Architecture facultytypically move down the taxonomy.The implications of this hypothesis are interesting from both a pedagogical and practical point ofview. Can we
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew Jackson, Texas A&M University-Commerce; Mary Johnson, Texas A&M University-Commerce; E. Delbert Horton
“Just in Time”continuing educational services, conveniently available, in order to update the skills ofemployees. If the price is right, research results & technical consultation services with facultyand students are nice to have, but typically of lower importance to the employers.McMasters and Cummings Alignment ModelAs part of an informative article by McMasters & Cummings (2004) the authors created a modelthat describes the three-part linkage that exists in engineering education. By integrating theelements of this model into an assessment program, critical elements of program effectivenesscan be addressed and improved. Get Research Funding! Puzzle • Research
Conference Session
Technical Issues in Architectural Engineering I
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Hector Estrada, University of the Pacific
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
design course. Finally, the entire system is covered in the capstone design course.These types of tools are very useful because they provide students with a “real world” case tostudy throughout their structural engineering training. Results obtained from the end of classstudent evaluations have not changed significantly since the introduction of the case study in thestructural engineering course sequence; however, the students have made a number of positivecomments regarding the use of these materials in the course evaluation surveys.IntroductionStructural engineering is an integral part of most civil and architectural engineering programsacross the United States. The National Council of Structural Engineers Associations (NCSEA)has developed a
Conference Session
Using Communication and Writing Techniques to Improve Student Learning
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shannon Ciston, University of California, Berkeley; Sean Poust, University of California-Berkeley
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
separation between the student and the instructional classroom. Reeves,Herrington, and Oliver suggest ten characteristics of authentic learning for use in the design ofonline learning experiences. Authentic activities should: have real-world relevance, be ill-defined to require students to define tasks, comprise complex tasks to be investigated over aperiod of time, provide an opportunity to examine tasks from different perspectives, provideopportunity to collaborate, provide opportunity to reflect, be integrated across learning domains,integrate seamlessly with assessment, create valuable products, and allow a diversity ofoutcomes or solutions. 11To engage engineering students in the process of learning communications skills, it is crucial tomake